Doğrudan ekim makinalarında farklı tek diskli tip gömücü ayakların çizi profili ve etki eden kuvvetler yönünden karşılaştırılması

Year 2024, Volume: 28 Issue: 2, 345 - 356, 21.06.2024

Yusuf Aydın , Ahmet Çelik , Mehmet Zahid Malaslı

https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1447573

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, doğrudan ekim makinalarında kullanılan farklı tek diskli tip gömücü ayakların, farklı toprak nem içeriklerinde, toprak sıkışma seviyelerinde ve ekim derinliklerinde, çizi profiline ve disklere etki eden kuvvetler üzerindeki etkisini toprak kanalında incelemektir. Faktörler arasında düz, kertikli, dalgalı, konkav, yivli tip disk açıcılar, iki toprak nem seviyesi (%12-18), iki toprak sıkıştırma seviyesi (2-3 MPa) ve iki ekim derinliği (50-75 mm) yer almaktadır. Sonuçlara göre, düz, kertikli ve yivli disklerin minimum düşey, yan ve çeki kuvvetlerine sahip olduğu, dalgalı tip diskin ise maksimum düşey kuvvet, çekme kuvveti ve yan kuvvete sahip olduğu ve konkav tip disklerin ise en yüksek yan kuvvete sahip olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Tüm gömücü ayakların düşey, çekme ve yan kuvvet gereksinimlerinin gevşek, az nem içeriğine sahip topraklarda daha düşük, buna karşılık; sıkıştırılmış, yüksek nem içeriğine sahip topraklarda daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Yivli, konkav ve dalgalı tip disklerin sırasıyla özgül düşey, özgül çekme ve özgül yan kuvvetler açısından en iyi sonuçları verdiği tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek çizi kesit alanı dalgalı diskte elde edilmiş olup, bu gömücü ayağı konkav, kertikli, yivli ve düz tip çizi açıcılar izlemiştir.

Keywords

Doğrudan ekim, diskli tip gömücü ayak, çizi profili, toprak sıkışıklığı, toprak kanalı

Comparison of various single-disc type furrow openers used in no-till seeders in terms of furrow properties and acting forces

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of various single-disc type furrow openers used in no-till seeders on furrow aspects and forces acting on the discs at various soil moisture contents, soil compaction levels, and seeding depths in soil bin. Factors included plain, notched, wavy, concave, and fluted types of disc coulters, two soil moisture levels (12-18%), two soil compaction levels (2-3 MPa), and two seeding depths (50-75 mm). According to the results, the plain, notched, and fluted type discs had the lowest vertical, draft, and side force, while the wavy type disc had the maximum vertical force, draft force, and side force and the concave type disc had the highest side force. The vertical, draft, and side force requirements of all furrow openers were found to be lower in loose soils with low moisture content and greater in compacted soils with high moisture content. Fluted, concave, and wavy-type discs produced the best results in terms of the specific vertical, specific draft, and specific side forces, respectively. While the highest furrow cross-sectional area was obtained in the wavy disc, this furrow opener was followed by concave, notched, fluted, and plain-type furrow openers, respectively.

Keywords

No-till, disc type furrow opener, furrow profile, soil compaction, soil bin

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