Broyler Karma Yemlerine İlave Edilen Kekik Yağı (Orıganum vulgare) ve Keçiboynuzu (Ceratonia siliqua l.) Karışımının Besi Performansı, Karkas Parametreleri ve Bazı İç Organ Ağırlıkları Üzerine Etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırma broyler karma yemlerine kekik yağı ve keçiboynuzu tozu karışımının besi performansı, karkas parametreleri ve bazı iç organ ağırlıkları üzerine etkisini belirlemek için yapılmıştır.

Materyal ve Metot: Araştırmada, günlük yaşta 192 adet karışık cinsiyette civciv kullanılmıştır. Denemede 48’er civcivden oluşan 1 kontrol ve 3 adet deneme grubu olmak üzere toplam 4 grup oluşturulmuştur. Her grup 12’şerli 4 alt gruba ayrılmıştır. Çalışma toplam 42 gün sürdürülmüştür. Kontrol grubuna bazal rasyon verilirken, diğer üç deneme gruplarına sırasıyla kekik yağı ve keçiboynuzu tozu karışımı içeren rasyonlar verilmiştir (0.5, 1 ve 2 g/kg). Hayvanlara yem ve su ad-libitum sağlanmıştır. Gruplara 1-14. gün yapısında % 23 ham protein (HP) 3000 kcal/kg metabolik enerji (ME), 15- 28. Gün %21 HP 3100 kcal/kg ME ve 29- 42.gün % 20 HP 3200 kcal/kg ME içeren rasyonlar verilmiştir.

Bulgular: Deneme sonunda, kontrol grubuna oranla deneme gruplarında canlı ağırlık (CA), canlı ağırlık artışı (CAA), yem tüketimi (YT), yemden yararlanma oranı (YYO), karkas ve iç organ ağırlıkları bakımından istatistiksel olarak farklılık bulunmamıştır (P >0.05).

Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, kekik yağı ve keçiboynuzu tozu karışımının broyler karma yemlerinde 1 g/kg düzeyinde güvenli bir şekilde ilave edilebileceği kanaatine varılmıştır.

Keywords

• Besi performansı
• broyler
• karkas
• keçiboynuzu
• kekik yağı

The Effects of Supplementation Different Levels Oregano Oil (Origanum vulgare) and Carob (Ceratonia siliqua l.) Powder Mixed on Growing Performance, Carcass Traits and Some Internal Organ Weights in Broilers

Abstract

Objective: This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of supplementation different levels oregano oil (Origanum vulgare) and carob (Ceratonia siliqua l.) powder mixed on growing performance, carcass yield and some internal organs weight in broilers.

Material and Metods: A total of 192 daily broiler mixed gender chicks were used in this experiment. They were divided into one control group and three treatment groups each containing 48 chicks. Each groups was divided into four subgroups each containing 12 chicks. This experiment was conducted 42 days. The basal diet was given to the control group and others three gorups were given with added oregano oil (Origanum vulgare) and carob (Ceratonia siliqua l.) powder mixed (0.5, 1 and 2 g/kg), respectively. Feed and water were given ad-libitum. The metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) levels of the diets from 1-14 days of age 3000 kcal/kg and

23 %, 15-28 days of age 3100 kcal/kg and 21 % and 29-42 days of age 3200 kcal/kg and 20 %, respectively.

Results: At the end of the experiment there were no statistically differences in body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed consumption (FC), feed conversion ratio

(FCR) carcass and internal organs compared with control groups (P >0.05).

Conclusion: In this study, it was concluded that a mixture of oregano oil and carob powder mix can be safely added to diets of broiler at 1 g / kg

Keywords

• Growth perfomance
• broiler
• carcass
• oregano oil+carob mixed

References

1. Abdel-Waretha AAA, Kehrausa S, Hippenstiela F, Südekuma KH. 2012. Effects of thyme and oregano on growth performance of broylers from 4 to 42 days of age and on microbial counts in crop, small intestine and caecum of 42-day-old broilers, Anim Feed Sci Tech, 178, 198–202.
2. Al-Kassie GAM. 2009. Influence of two plant extracts derıved from thyme and cınnamon on broıler performance. Pak Vet J, 29, 169- 173, 2009.
3. Ayaz FA, Torun H, Ayaz S, Correia PJ, Alaiz M, Sanz C, Gruz J, Strnad M. 2007. Determination of chemical composition of Anatolian carob pod (Ceratonia Siliqua L.): Sugars, amino and organic acids, minerals and phenolic compounds. J Food Qual, 30, 1040-1055.
4. Bölükbaşi SC, Erhan MK, Özkan A. 2006. Effect of dietary thyme oil and vitamin E on growth, lipid oxidation, meat fatty acid composition and serum lipoproteins of broilers. S Afr J Anim Sci, 36, 189-196.
5. Burt S. 2004.: Essential oils: Their antibacterial properties and potential applications infood—A review. Int J Food Microbiol, 94, 223–253.
6. Çelik R, Şahin T. 2015. İçme suyuna farklı düzeylerde ilave edilen esansiyel yağ karışımlarının (nane+kekik+ardıç+biberiye) broilerlerde besi performansı, kesim ve karkas özellikleri üzerine etkisi. Vet Hek Der Derg, 86 (1), 22-35.
7. Demirtaş Ö. 2007. Keçiboynuzu (Ceratonia Siliqua) Çekirdeklerinden Gam Üretim Yollarının Araştırılması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana. Dibner JJ, Richard JD. 2005. Antibiotic growth promoters in agriculture: history and mode of action. Poult Sci, 84, 634–643.
8. Dong XF, Gao WW, Tong JM, Ji AHQ, Sa RN, Zhang Q. 2007. Effect of polysavone (αα extract) on abdominal fat deposition and immunity in broiler chickens. Poult Sci, 86, 1955-1959.

9. Feizi A, Bijanzad P, Kaboli K. 2013. Effects of thyme volatile oils on performance of broiler chickens. Eur J Exp Biol, 3, 250-254.
10. Garcıa V, Gregori PC, Hernandez F, Megıas MD, Madrid J. 2007. Effect of formic acid and plant extracts on growth, nutrient digestibility, ıntestine mucosa morphology, and meat yield of broilers, J Appl Poultry Res, 16, 555–562.
11. Giannenas I, Florou-Paneri P, Papazahariadou M, Christaki E, Botsoglou NA, Spais AB. 2003. Effect of dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil on performance of broilers after experimental infection with Eimeria tenella. Arch Tierernahr, 57(2), 99-106.
12. Halle I, Thomann R, Bauermann U, Henning M, Kohler P. 2004. Effects of a Graded Supplementation of Herbs and Essential Oils in Broiler Feed on Growth and Carcass Traits. Landbauforschung Völkenrode, 54: 219-229.
13. Hong JC, Steiner T, Aufy A, Lien TF. 2012. Effects of supplemental essential oil on growth performance, lipid metabolites and immunity, intestinal characteristics, microbiota and carcass traits in broilers, Livest Sci, 144, 253–262.
14. Hume ME, Clemente-Hernandez S, Oviedo-Rondont EO. 2006. Effects of feed additives and mixed Eimeria species infectionon intestinal microbial ecology of broilers. Poult Sci, 85, 2106–2111.
15. Karadağoğlu Ö, Ölmez M, Özsoy B, Şahin T. 2018. Yumurtacı tavuk rasyonlarına ilave edilen esansiyel yağ ve organik asit karışımının performans, yumurta verimi ve kalite parametreleri üzerine etkisi. J Anim Prod, 59 (1), 9-15.
16. Khaksar V, Van Krimpen M, Hashemipour H, Pilevar M. 2012. Effects of thyme essential oil on performance, some bloodparameters and ıleal microflora of japanese quail. JPSA, 49, 106-110.
17. Khatib S, Vaya J.2010. Fig, carob, pistachio, and health. (Eds. R.R. Watson, V.R. Preedy), Bioactice Foods in Promoting Health Fruits and Vegetables, Academic Press, San Francisco, USA, 245–263.
18. Köksal BH, Küçükersan MK. 2012. Broiler rasyonlarına humat ile bitki ekstraktı karışımı ilavesininbüyüme performansı, bazı bağışıklık ve serum biyokimya değerlerine etkileri. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 18: 103-108.
19. Kumar R, Singh M. 1984. Tannins, Their Adverse Roles in Ruminant. J Agr Food Chem, 32, 447-453.
20. Kumazawa S, Taniguchi M, Suzuki Y, Shimura M, Kwon MS, Nakayama T.2002. Antioxidant activity of polyphenols in carob pods. J Agr Food Chem, (50), 373-377.
21. Küçükersan S, Yalçın S, Küçükersan MK, Çalık A, Ramay RM, Ahlat O, Güntürkün OB. 2017. Effects of carob products with β-1,4 mannanase suplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal histomorphology and caecal short chain fatty acids in broiler diets. 4th International Poultry Meat Congress. 26-30 April 2017, Belek/ Antalya, s. 679-686.
22. Lee KW, Everts H, Kappert HJ, Frehner M, Losa R, Beynen AC. 2010. Effects of dietary essentialoil components on growth performance, digestive enzymes and lipid metabolism in female broiler chickens, Br Poult Sci, 44, 450-457.
23. Makris DP, Kefalas P. 2004. Carob pods (Ceratonia siliqua L.) as a source of polypheonolic antioxidants. FTB, 42, 105-108.
24. Mathlouthi N, Bouzaienne T, Oueslati I, Recoquillay F, Hamdi M, Urdaci M, Bergaoui R. 2011. Use of rosemary, oregano, and a commercial blend of essential oils in broiler chickens: In vitro antimicro- bial activities and effects on growth performance, J Anim Sci, 90, 813–823.
25. Miura K, Kikuzaki H and Nakatani N. 2002. Antioxidant activity of chemical components from sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and oregano (Thymus vulgaris L.) measured by the oil stability index method. J Agr Food Chem, 5, 1845-51.
26. Muhl A, Liebert F. 2007. Growth nutrient utilization and threonine requirement of growing chicken fed threonine limiting diets with commercial blends of phytogenic feed additives. J Poult Sci, 44, 297-304.
27. Nobakht A, Mehmannavaz Y. Effects of saturated and unsaturated fats in starter and grower feeds on performance and carcass traits of broilers. JBASR, 2(2), 967-970.
28. NRC. 1994. Nutrient requirements of poultry, 9th rev.National Academy Press, Washginton,DC, US.
29. Özgüven M, Sekin S, Gürbüz B, Şekeroğlu N, Ayanoğlu F, Ekren S.2005. Tütün, Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkiler Üretimi ve Ticareti. Türkiye Ziraat Mühendisliği VI. Teknik Kongresi, 3-7 Ocak 2005, Ankara.
30. Pina-Vaz C, Rodrigues AG, Pinto E, Costa-de-Oliveira S, Tavares C, Salgueiro LR, Cavaleiro C, Gonçalves M J & Martinez-de-Oliveira J. 2004. Antifungal activity of Thymus oils and their major compounds. JEADV, 18, 73-78.
31. Sahle M, Coleou J, Haas C. 1991. Carob Pod (Ceratonia siliqua) Meal in Geese Diets. Br Poult Sci, 33, 531-541.
32. Sirvydis VH, Bobiniene R, Priudiıokiıene V, Venciıus D. 2003. Phytobiotics add value to broiler feed. World Poultry, 19(1), 16-17.
33. Symeon GK, Zintilas C, Demiris N, Bizelis AL, Deligeorgis SG. 2010. Effects of oregano essential oil dietary supplementation on the feeding and drinking behaviour as well as the activity of broilers. Int J Poult Sci, 9, 401-405.
34. Şimşek ÜG, Güler T, Çiftçi M, Ertaş ON, Dalkılıç B. 2005. Esans Yağ Karışımının (kekik, karanfil ve anason) Broylerlerde Canlı Ağırlık, Karkas ve Etlerin Duyusal Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi. YYU Vet Fak Derg, 16 (2), 1-5.
35. Tiihonen K, Kettunen H, Bento MH, Saarinen M, Lahtinen S, Ouwehand AC, Schulze H, Rautonen N. 2010. The effect of feding essential oils on broiler performance and gut microbiota. Br Poult Sci, 51(3), 381-92.
36. Toghyani M, Tohidi M, Gheisari AA, Tabeidian SA. 2010. Performance, immunity, serum biochemical and hematological parameters in broiler chicks fed dietary thyme as alternative for an antibiotic growth promoter. Af J Biotechnol, 9, 6819-6825.
37. Topbaş S. 2014. Etlik piliç yemlerine karvakrol esaslı farklı esansiyel yağların katılmasının büyüme performansı ve bazı kesim özellikleri üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü,Zootekni Anabilim Dalı ,Yüksek lisans tezi, Isparta: Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi.
38. Valero M, Salmeron MC. 2003. Antibacterial activity of 11 essential oils against Bacillus cereus in tyndallized carrot broth. Int J Food Microbiol, 85, 73-81.
39. Windisch W, Schedle K, Plitzner C, Kroismayr A. 2008. Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. J Anim Sci, 86, 140–148.
40. Witt de FH, Els SP, Hugo A, Merwe van der HJ, Fair MD. 2009. Influence of dietary lipid sources on carcass traits of broilers. S Afr J of Anim Sci, 1: 39.
41. Yıldırım H, Kaya Ş. 2011. Karma yeme farklı oranlarda eklenen Keçiboynuzu Tozunun (Ceratonia siliqua L.) etlik piliçlerin performansına etkisi. MKU Ziraat Fak Derg, 16 (1), 43-50.
42. Zhang KY, Yan F, Keen CA, Waldroup PW. 2005. Evaluation of microencapsulated essantial oils and organic acids in dieds for broiler chickens. Int J Poult Sci, 4(9), 612-619.