Pakistan'da Kuruluştan Günümüze Yükseköğretim Politikaları ve Uygulamaya Yansımaları

Year 2014, Issue: 3, 148 - 155, 01.12.2014

M. Nur Pakdemirli

Abstract

Pakistan, 14 Ağustos 1947’de Hindistan’dan ayrılarak kurulan bir devlett ir. Bu yıllardan itibaren hemen her hükümet değişikliğinde yükseköğretimi de kapsayan yeni eğitim politikaları belirlenmiş ve yeni planlamalar yapılmıştır. Hazırlanan bu politikalar zaman zaman reform niteliği de taşımıştır. Eğitim politikalarının uygulamalara yansıma biçimi ülke yöneticilerinin dünya görüşü doğrultusunda farklı biçimlerde olmuştur. Bu çalışmada kuruluştan günümüze Pakistan’ın yükseköğretim politikaları ve bunların uygulamaya yansımaları incelenmiştir

Keywords

Pakistan, Yükseköğretim, Eğitim politikası

Higher Education Policies and Their Implementations in Pakistan from Its Establishment to Date

Abstract

Pakistan was a state established on August 14, 1947 with separation from India. From the beginning, new educational policies and plans including higher education was determined by almost all of the governments. Th ese new policies were sometimes considered as reforms. Refl ections of education policies and implementations varied over the time depending on the world-views of the leaders. In this paper, higher education policies and the implementations from its establishment to present time are discussed

Keywords

Pakistan, Higher education, Education policy

References

• A ab, R. (2013). Public policies and governance perspec ve in educa on sector-Pakistan, Unpublished doctoral disserta on, Utrecht University, Nederlands.
• Ahmad, A. & Sajjad, M. (1982). Muslim women and higher educa on. Islamabad: Ins tute of Policy Studies Press.
• Ahmad, M. (2001). On fi y years of university and pre-university teaching of sta s cs in Pakistan. Bulle n of the Interna onal Sta s cal Ins tute, 53rd Session. Seoul.
• Ahsan, M. (2003). An analy cal review of Pakistan’s educa onal policies and plans. Research Papers in Educa on, 18(3), 259- 280.
• Ahson, U. (2009). Financial sustainability of higher educa on in Pakistan. SAARC Journal of Human Resource Development, 67-87.
• Ali, A. (2005). A study of the quality of teaching at university level in Pakistan. Journal of Social Sciences and Humani es, 3(1), 96-111.
• Aly, J. H. (2007). Educa on in Pakistan. A White Paper, Revised Document to Debate and Finalize the Na onal Educa on Policy. Islamabad: Prepared by Na onal Educa on Policy Review Team.
• Birışık, A. (2004). Hint altkıtasında İslâm araş rmalarının dünü bugünü: Kurumlar, ilmî faaliyetler, şahıslar, eserler. Dîvân İlmî Araş rmalar Dergisi, 2(17), 2-42.
• Burki, S. J. (2005). Educa ng the Pakistani masses. In Robert M. Hathaway (Ed.), Educa on reform in Pakistan (pp. 15-31). Washington DC: Woodrow Wilson Interna onal Center for Scholars Press.
• Buzdar, M. A., Ali, A., Akhtar, J. H., Maqbool, S., & Nadeem, M. (2013). Assessment of students’ learning achievements under semester system in Pakistan. Journal of Basic and Applied Scien fi c Research, 3(6), 79-86.
• Cohen, S. P. (2011). The future of Pakistan. Washington, DC: The Brookings Ins tu on Press.
• Fair, C. C. (2009). The madrassah challenge: Militancy and religious educa on in Pakistan. Lahore: Vanguard Books Press.
• Federal Law House. (2010). Cons tu on of Pakistan 1973 (2nd ed.). Rawalpindi-Lahore: Federal Law House.
• Fen Bilimleri: 2000 yılında: 350 yayın, 2012 yılında: 3.617 yayın; Mühendislik ve Teknoloji: 2000 yılında: 107 yayın, 2012 yılında: 1.157 yayın; Tarım
• Bilimleri: 2000 yılında: 62 yayın, 2012 yılında: 710 yayın; Sosyal Bilimler: 2000 yılında: 18 yayın, 2012 yılında: 217 yayın.
• Sarwar, S. (2010). Hindering factors of beginning teachers’ high performance in higher educa on Pakistan. Interna onal Journal of Educa on, 2(1), 1-12.
• Shah, S. (2005). Challenges in the educa on sector in Pakistan. In R. M. Hathaway (Ed.), Educa on reform in Pakistan (pp. 47- 53). Washington DC: Woodrow Wilson Interna onal Center for Scholars Press.
• Siddiqui, S. (2010). Rethinking educa on in Pakistan. Karachi: Paramount Publishing Enterprise.
• Tajik, M. A. (2010). Improving quality of educa on through enhancement of teachers’ capacity: Policy implica ons for higher educa on in Pakistan. In A. Bashiruddin, Z. Bana, & A. K. Afridi (Eds.), Educa on in Pakistan. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
• Tala , J. (1998). Higher educa on: A pathway to development. Karachi: Oxford University Presss.
• Tarar, N. O. (2006). Globalisa on and higher educa on in Pakistan. Economic and Poli cal Weekly, 9, 5080-5085.
• Ullah, R., Richardson, J. T. E., & Hafeez, M. (2010). Approaches to studying and percep ons of the academic environment among university students in Pakistan. Compare: A Journal of Compara ve and Interna onal Educa on, 1, 1-15.
• University Grand Commision. (1975). Report on improvement of educa on and research. Islamabad: University Grand Commision.
• Waseem, M. (2001). Underdevelopment of social sciences in Pakistan. In S. H. Hashmi (Ed.), The state of social sciences in Pakistan (pp. 69-87). Islamabad: Council of Social Sciences Press.
• Reid, N. (2008). Quality assurance in higher educa on in Pakistan. 2. Interna onal Conference on Assesing Quality in Higher Educa on. Lahore.