İÇSEL PAZARLAMA İLE KURUMSAL İTİBAR ALGISI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 54 - 87, 27.04.2022
Gül Banu Dayanç Kıyat
,
Coşkun Kaya
Öz
This article aims to identify the relationship between internal marketting and corporate reputation through a concise research on employees of state and private universities in Turkey.
The data colected from 501 participants through interviews on voluntary basis have been analyzed through SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 20.0 programs. In this study, the convenience sampling method has been adopted and applied and four main hypotheses have been tested to complete the essential research criteria procedures and steps such as validity, reliability, descriptive, relational, interactional and difference analysis.
The analysis elaborated internal marketing and corporate reputation under a single dimension and demonstrated that the related dimensions were perceived as a holistic concept by the higher education sector. The hypothesis tests which intended to determine variance (the change) in internal marketting perception and the effect of this variance on corporate reputation and this researched revealed that the increase in the perception of internal marketting leads to a boost in the perception of corporate reputation. Furthermore, the study showed that internal marketring and corporate reputation perceptions of private university employees are more robust than those of state universities.
This is the first study which established and revealed the relationship between internal marketing and the corporate reputation in the sector of education.
Kaynakça
- Acuner, Ş.A. (2014). Rekabet avantajı kazanmada anahtar kavram: kurumsal itibar. Kalkınmada Anahtar Verimlilik Dergisi, Ekim, 310:16-21.
- Ahmed, P.K. and Rafiq, M. (2000). Advances in the internal marketing concept: definition, synthesis and extension. Journal of Services Marketing, 14(6): 449-462.
- Akroush, M.N., ElSamen, A.A., Samawi, G.A.and Odetallah, A.L. (2013). Internal marketing and service quality in restaurants. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 31(4):304-336.
- Almeida M. da G. C.and Coelho A. M. (2017). The impact of corporate reputation in a dairy company. Business and Economics Journal. 8(4), 1-11. DOI: 10.4172/2151-6219.1000320.
- Alsop, R. J. (2004). Corporate reputation: anything but superficial the deep but fragile nature of corporatereputation. The Journal of Business Strategy, 25(6), 21-29.
- Avcı, K. (2018). Üniversite iç paydaşlarının kurumsal itibar algısı: Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi kurumsal itibar araştırması. Selçuk İletişim, 12 (1):42-63.
- Barney, J. (1991). Firm resourc eand sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Managemet, 17(1), 99-120.
- Basualdo, E.M. (2010). The effects of internal marketing on six sigma perception. Arizona: University of Phoenix.
- Berry, L.L. (1981). The employee as customer. Journal of RetailBanking. 3(1), 8-25.
- Berry, L.L.,Hensel, J.S. and Burke, M.C. (1976). Improving retaile rcapability for effective consumerism response. Journal of Retailig, 52(3), 3–14.
- Boyd, B. K.,Bergh, D. D. and Ketchen, D. J. (2009). Reconsidering the reputation-performance relationship: a resource based view. Journal of Management. 36(3), 588-609.
- Boukis, A., Kaminakis, K., Siampos, A. and Kostopoulos, I. (2015) Linking internal marketing with customer outcomes. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 33(3): 394- 413.
- Budd, J. F. (1994). How to manage corporate reputations. Public Relations Quarterly. 39(4), 11–13.
- Can, A. (2014). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Publishers.
- Chun, Rosa. (2005). Corporate reputation: meaning and measurement. International Journal of Management Reviews. 7(2), 91 - 109.
- Collins COBUILD English dictionary for advanced learners (2001). (3rd ed.). Harper Collins Publishers, 1314.
- Dayanç Kıyat, G.B. (2017). The relationship between reputation quotient and perceived quality of brands in Turkey’s mobile communication sector. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi. (53), 31-64. DOI: 10.17064/iuifd.372587
- DeCenzo D., and Robbins, S. (2005). Fundamentals of human resource management (8th ed.). USA: John Wiley and Sons.
- Doorley, J. and Garcia, H.F. (2015). Reputation management the key to successful public relations and corporate communication. (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge.
- Doukakıs, I. P. and Kıtchen, P. J. (2004). Internal marketing in UK banks: conceptual legitimacy or window dressing? The Internal Journal of Bank Marketing. 22(6), 421-452.
- Eroğlu, E. and Solmaz, B. (2012). Kurumsal itibar araştırması ve bir uygulama örneği. Gümüşhane University E- Journal of Faculty of Communication. 1(4), 1-18.
- Fettahlıoğlu, S.H.,Yıldız, A. and Birin, C. (2016). İçsel pazarlamanın kurumsal itibar üzerine etkisi: bir alan araştırması. 3rd International Congress on SocialSciences, China to Adriatic, Congress Book, (pp. 238-252), October 27- 30. Antalya
Finney, S. and Scherrebeck-Hansen, M. (2010). Internal marketing as a change management tool: a case study in re-branding. Journal of Marketing Communications. 16(5), 325-344.
- Fombrun, C. J. and Van Riel, C.B.M. (2004). Fame and fortune: how successful companies reputations. New York: Financial Time.
- Fombrun, C. J., Gardberg N. A. and Sever J. M. (2000). The reputation quotient: a multi-stakeholder measure of corporate reputation. The Journal of Brand Management. 7(4), 241-255.
- Fombrun, C.J. (1.09.2002), “İtibarınız yoksa piyasanızda yoktur”, Retrieved from: https://www.capital.com.tr/capital-dergi/gelecek-trendler/itibariniz-yoksa-piyasaniz-da-yoktur /accessed 05 March 2020.
- Fombrun, C.J. (1996). Reputation: realizing value from the corporate image. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press.
- Fombrun, C.J. and Van Riel, C.(1997). The reputational landscape. Corporate Reputation Review. 1, 5-13.
- Foreman, S. K. and Money, A. H. (1995). Internal marketing-concepts measurements and applications. Journal of Marketing Management. 11(8),755-768.
- Gapp, R. and Merrilees, B. (2006). Important factors to consider when using ınternal branding as a management strategy: a healthcare case study. Brand Management. 14(1/2): 162-176.
- George, W. R. (1977). The retailing of services: a challenging future. Journal of Retailing. 53, 85-98.
- Gürbüz, S. and Şahin, F. (2014). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Publising.
- Hannington, T. (2004). How to measure and manage your corporate reputation. Burlington: Gower Publising.
- İçli, E.T and Aslan, F.E. (2012). The effect of ınternal marketing on the dimensions of organizational commitment: a research on nurses in turkey. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi. 14(3):39-52.
- İşler, D. B. and Özdemir, Ş. (2010). Hastane işletmelerinde içsel pazarlama yaklaşımının iş tatmini ve örgütsel bağlılık üzerine etkisi: Isparta ili örneği. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi. 13(2), 116-142.
- Kadıbeşegil, S. (2018). İtibar yönetimi. (9th ed.). İstanbul: Media Cat.
- Karaköse, T. (2007). Örgütlerde itibar yönetimi. Akademik Bakış Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler E-Dergisi. 11, 1-12.
- Karaköse, T. (2012) Kurumların DNA’sı itibar ve yönetimi. 2. Basım, Ankara:Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık Tic. Ltd. Şti.
- Karatepe, S. (2008). İtibar yönetimi: halkla ilişkilerde güven yaratma. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 7 (23): 77-97. [Elektronik Dergi]. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/esosder/issue/6137/accessed 15 Oct. 2021.
- Lings, I.N. (1999). Balancing internal and external market orientations. Journal of Marketing Management. 15(4), 239-263.
- Longbottom, D., Osseo-Asare, A., Chourides, P.and Murphy, W.D. (2006). Real quality: does the future of TQM depend on internal marketing? Total Quality Management. 17(6): 709-732.
- Lubbe, S.M. (2013). Elements of internal marketing as predictors of employee satisfaztion. PhD thesis. Pretoria Üniversitesi.
- Markwick, N. and Fill C. (1997). Towards a framework for managing corporate identity. European Journal of Marketing. 31(5/6), 396 – 409.
- O’ Brady, A. K. (2005). The sustainability effect; rethinking corporate reputation in the 21st centrury. London: Palgrave and Macmillan.
- Panigyrakis, G. and Theodoridis, P. (2009) Internal marketing impact on business performance in a retail context.
International Journal Retail and Distribution Management. 37(7):600–628.
- Papasolomou, I. and Vrontis, D. (2006). Building corporate branding through internal marketing: the case of the UK retail bank industry. Journal of Brand Management. 14, 177-195. DOI: 10.1108/10610420610650864.
- Petkeviciene, M. S. (2014). Crisis management to avoid damage forcorporate reputation: the case of retail chain crises in the baltic countries. 19th International Scientific Conference Economics and Management, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 156, 452-457.
- Piercy, N., and Morgan, N. (1990). Internal marketing: making marketing happen. Marketing İntelligence and Planning. 8(1), 4-6. DOI.org/10.1108/EUM0000000001069.
- Rafiq, M. and Ahmed, P.(2000). Advances in the internal marketing concept: definition, synthesis and extension. Journal of Services Marketing. 14(6), 449-462.
- Reynoso, J. F. and Moores, B., (1996). Relationship marketing: theory and practice. Buttle, F.(Ed.). Internal relationship (pp. 55-73). London: Paul Chapman Publishing.
- Ross, L. G. (2008). Corporate reputation, 12 step to safe guarding and recovering reputation. Canada: John Wiley&Sons Publising.
- Schwaiger M. (2017). Components and parameters of corporate reputation – an empirical study. Schmalenbach Business Review. 56, 46–71.
- Sargeant, A. and Saadia, A. (1998). The strategic application of internal marketing: an investigation of UK banking. International Journal of Bank Marketing. 16(2): 66-79.
- Sungur, S. (2015). Kurumsal itibarın epistemolojisi. Demirtaş, M. (Ed.). Kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk ve kurumsal itibar (pp. 181-192) İstanbul: Derin Publising.
- TDK Dictionary, Retrieved from: https://sozluk.gov.tr /accessed 15 Jan. 2020.
- Tsai, Y. and Tang, T. (2008). How to improve service quality: internal marketing as a determining factor. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence Rewiev. 19, 1117–1126.
- Varey, R. J. (1995). Internal marketing: a review and some interdisciplinary research challenges. International Journal of Service Industry Management. 6(1), 40-63.
- Xuan, Z. and Cheng D.-D. (2017). Corporate reputation measurement based on employee perspective, (pp. 48-58). 4th International Conference on Social Science (ICSS).
- Veloutsou, C. and Moutinho, L. (2009). Brand relationships through brand reputation and brand tribalism. Journal of Business Research. 62, 314-322.
- Yener, M. and Ergun, S. (2014). İtibar yönetimi; ölçüm ve teori. Sumer, H. and Pernsteiner, H. (Eds.), İtibar yönetimi/reputation management (pp. 5-12). İstanbul: Beta Publising.
- Yıldız, D. and Uzunsakal, E. (2018). Alan araştırmalarında güvenilirlik testlerinin karşılaştırılması ve tarımsal veriler üzerine bir uygulama. Uygulamalı Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2(1), 14-28.
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 54 - 87, 27.04.2022
Gül Banu Dayanç Kıyat
,
Coşkun Kaya
Kaynakça
- Acuner, Ş.A. (2014). Rekabet avantajı kazanmada anahtar kavram: kurumsal itibar. Kalkınmada Anahtar Verimlilik Dergisi, Ekim, 310:16-21.
- Ahmed, P.K. and Rafiq, M. (2000). Advances in the internal marketing concept: definition, synthesis and extension. Journal of Services Marketing, 14(6): 449-462.
- Akroush, M.N., ElSamen, A.A., Samawi, G.A.and Odetallah, A.L. (2013). Internal marketing and service quality in restaurants. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 31(4):304-336.
- Almeida M. da G. C.and Coelho A. M. (2017). The impact of corporate reputation in a dairy company. Business and Economics Journal. 8(4), 1-11. DOI: 10.4172/2151-6219.1000320.
- Alsop, R. J. (2004). Corporate reputation: anything but superficial the deep but fragile nature of corporatereputation. The Journal of Business Strategy, 25(6), 21-29.
- Avcı, K. (2018). Üniversite iç paydaşlarının kurumsal itibar algısı: Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi kurumsal itibar araştırması. Selçuk İletişim, 12 (1):42-63.
- Barney, J. (1991). Firm resourc eand sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Managemet, 17(1), 99-120.
- Basualdo, E.M. (2010). The effects of internal marketing on six sigma perception. Arizona: University of Phoenix.
- Berry, L.L. (1981). The employee as customer. Journal of RetailBanking. 3(1), 8-25.
- Berry, L.L.,Hensel, J.S. and Burke, M.C. (1976). Improving retaile rcapability for effective consumerism response. Journal of Retailig, 52(3), 3–14.
- Boyd, B. K.,Bergh, D. D. and Ketchen, D. J. (2009). Reconsidering the reputation-performance relationship: a resource based view. Journal of Management. 36(3), 588-609.
- Boukis, A., Kaminakis, K., Siampos, A. and Kostopoulos, I. (2015) Linking internal marketing with customer outcomes. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 33(3): 394- 413.
- Budd, J. F. (1994). How to manage corporate reputations. Public Relations Quarterly. 39(4), 11–13.
- Can, A. (2014). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Publishers.
- Chun, Rosa. (2005). Corporate reputation: meaning and measurement. International Journal of Management Reviews. 7(2), 91 - 109.
- Collins COBUILD English dictionary for advanced learners (2001). (3rd ed.). Harper Collins Publishers, 1314.
- Dayanç Kıyat, G.B. (2017). The relationship between reputation quotient and perceived quality of brands in Turkey’s mobile communication sector. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi. (53), 31-64. DOI: 10.17064/iuifd.372587
- DeCenzo D., and Robbins, S. (2005). Fundamentals of human resource management (8th ed.). USA: John Wiley and Sons.
- Doorley, J. and Garcia, H.F. (2015). Reputation management the key to successful public relations and corporate communication. (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge.
- Doukakıs, I. P. and Kıtchen, P. J. (2004). Internal marketing in UK banks: conceptual legitimacy or window dressing? The Internal Journal of Bank Marketing. 22(6), 421-452.
- Eroğlu, E. and Solmaz, B. (2012). Kurumsal itibar araştırması ve bir uygulama örneği. Gümüşhane University E- Journal of Faculty of Communication. 1(4), 1-18.
- Fettahlıoğlu, S.H.,Yıldız, A. and Birin, C. (2016). İçsel pazarlamanın kurumsal itibar üzerine etkisi: bir alan araştırması. 3rd International Congress on SocialSciences, China to Adriatic, Congress Book, (pp. 238-252), October 27- 30. Antalya
Finney, S. and Scherrebeck-Hansen, M. (2010). Internal marketing as a change management tool: a case study in re-branding. Journal of Marketing Communications. 16(5), 325-344.
- Fombrun, C. J. and Van Riel, C.B.M. (2004). Fame and fortune: how successful companies reputations. New York: Financial Time.
- Fombrun, C. J., Gardberg N. A. and Sever J. M. (2000). The reputation quotient: a multi-stakeholder measure of corporate reputation. The Journal of Brand Management. 7(4), 241-255.
- Fombrun, C.J. (1.09.2002), “İtibarınız yoksa piyasanızda yoktur”, Retrieved from: https://www.capital.com.tr/capital-dergi/gelecek-trendler/itibariniz-yoksa-piyasaniz-da-yoktur /accessed 05 March 2020.
- Fombrun, C.J. (1996). Reputation: realizing value from the corporate image. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press.
- Fombrun, C.J. and Van Riel, C.(1997). The reputational landscape. Corporate Reputation Review. 1, 5-13.
- Foreman, S. K. and Money, A. H. (1995). Internal marketing-concepts measurements and applications. Journal of Marketing Management. 11(8),755-768.
- Gapp, R. and Merrilees, B. (2006). Important factors to consider when using ınternal branding as a management strategy: a healthcare case study. Brand Management. 14(1/2): 162-176.
- George, W. R. (1977). The retailing of services: a challenging future. Journal of Retailing. 53, 85-98.
- Gürbüz, S. and Şahin, F. (2014). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Publising.
- Hannington, T. (2004). How to measure and manage your corporate reputation. Burlington: Gower Publising.
- İçli, E.T and Aslan, F.E. (2012). The effect of ınternal marketing on the dimensions of organizational commitment: a research on nurses in turkey. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi. 14(3):39-52.
- İşler, D. B. and Özdemir, Ş. (2010). Hastane işletmelerinde içsel pazarlama yaklaşımının iş tatmini ve örgütsel bağlılık üzerine etkisi: Isparta ili örneği. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi. 13(2), 116-142.
- Kadıbeşegil, S. (2018). İtibar yönetimi. (9th ed.). İstanbul: Media Cat.
- Karaköse, T. (2007). Örgütlerde itibar yönetimi. Akademik Bakış Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler E-Dergisi. 11, 1-12.
- Karaköse, T. (2012) Kurumların DNA’sı itibar ve yönetimi. 2. Basım, Ankara:Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık Tic. Ltd. Şti.
- Karatepe, S. (2008). İtibar yönetimi: halkla ilişkilerde güven yaratma. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 7 (23): 77-97. [Elektronik Dergi]. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/esosder/issue/6137/accessed 15 Oct. 2021.
- Lings, I.N. (1999). Balancing internal and external market orientations. Journal of Marketing Management. 15(4), 239-263.
- Longbottom, D., Osseo-Asare, A., Chourides, P.and Murphy, W.D. (2006). Real quality: does the future of TQM depend on internal marketing? Total Quality Management. 17(6): 709-732.
- Lubbe, S.M. (2013). Elements of internal marketing as predictors of employee satisfaztion. PhD thesis. Pretoria Üniversitesi.
- Markwick, N. and Fill C. (1997). Towards a framework for managing corporate identity. European Journal of Marketing. 31(5/6), 396 – 409.
- O’ Brady, A. K. (2005). The sustainability effect; rethinking corporate reputation in the 21st centrury. London: Palgrave and Macmillan.
- Panigyrakis, G. and Theodoridis, P. (2009) Internal marketing impact on business performance in a retail context.
International Journal Retail and Distribution Management. 37(7):600–628.
- Papasolomou, I. and Vrontis, D. (2006). Building corporate branding through internal marketing: the case of the UK retail bank industry. Journal of Brand Management. 14, 177-195. DOI: 10.1108/10610420610650864.
- Petkeviciene, M. S. (2014). Crisis management to avoid damage forcorporate reputation: the case of retail chain crises in the baltic countries. 19th International Scientific Conference Economics and Management, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 156, 452-457.
- Piercy, N., and Morgan, N. (1990). Internal marketing: making marketing happen. Marketing İntelligence and Planning. 8(1), 4-6. DOI.org/10.1108/EUM0000000001069.
- Rafiq, M. and Ahmed, P.(2000). Advances in the internal marketing concept: definition, synthesis and extension. Journal of Services Marketing. 14(6), 449-462.
- Reynoso, J. F. and Moores, B., (1996). Relationship marketing: theory and practice. Buttle, F.(Ed.). Internal relationship (pp. 55-73). London: Paul Chapman Publishing.
- Ross, L. G. (2008). Corporate reputation, 12 step to safe guarding and recovering reputation. Canada: John Wiley&Sons Publising.
- Schwaiger M. (2017). Components and parameters of corporate reputation – an empirical study. Schmalenbach Business Review. 56, 46–71.
- Sargeant, A. and Saadia, A. (1998). The strategic application of internal marketing: an investigation of UK banking. International Journal of Bank Marketing. 16(2): 66-79.
- Sungur, S. (2015). Kurumsal itibarın epistemolojisi. Demirtaş, M. (Ed.). Kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk ve kurumsal itibar (pp. 181-192) İstanbul: Derin Publising.
- TDK Dictionary, Retrieved from: https://sozluk.gov.tr /accessed 15 Jan. 2020.
- Tsai, Y. and Tang, T. (2008). How to improve service quality: internal marketing as a determining factor. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence Rewiev. 19, 1117–1126.
- Varey, R. J. (1995). Internal marketing: a review and some interdisciplinary research challenges. International Journal of Service Industry Management. 6(1), 40-63.
- Xuan, Z. and Cheng D.-D. (2017). Corporate reputation measurement based on employee perspective, (pp. 48-58). 4th International Conference on Social Science (ICSS).
- Veloutsou, C. and Moutinho, L. (2009). Brand relationships through brand reputation and brand tribalism. Journal of Business Research. 62, 314-322.
- Yener, M. and Ergun, S. (2014). İtibar yönetimi; ölçüm ve teori. Sumer, H. and Pernsteiner, H. (Eds.), İtibar yönetimi/reputation management (pp. 5-12). İstanbul: Beta Publising.
- Yıldız, D. and Uzunsakal, E. (2018). Alan araştırmalarında güvenilirlik testlerinin karşılaştırılması ve tarımsal veriler üzerine bir uygulama. Uygulamalı Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2(1), 14-28.