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Transfer of Ottoman Artillery Technology to the Duchy of Burgundy, 1457-1467

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 159 - 181, 28.02.2022

Abstract

Many historiographical studies have focused on the transfer of European military technologies to the Ottoman Empire and its adaptations there. By contrast, this article explores the transfer of Ottoman artillery technology to medieval Europe. Concretely, this study sheds light on the efforts of the Burgundian Duke Filip III (r. 1419-1467) to develop the firepower of his army, as he was inspired by the Ottoman cannons in the 1450’s. Different sources are examined in order to evaluate the quantity and quality of this technological transfer. Next to various chronicles of the period, several Burgundian financial documents are consulted in order to trace the expenditures for this technology transfer. By examining various sources about Ottoman cannonry in the 15th century, this article claims that the Ottoman technology was more advanced and innovative than its European counterparts. Hence, this article aims to refute some of the old beliefs in military and political historiography. Historians have generally tended to study the history of a culture or society in isolation from other cultures and civilizations. By contrast, this article underlines that the history of the modern world cannot be understood by exclusively focusing on one history or the other. It claims that the developments in the Ottoman and Burgundian cannon technologies were the result of the interaction that emerged from cross-cultural mobility of people and ideas during the various stages of world history. In sum, this article shows that a definite cultural interaction and geopolitical conflict existed between the Ottoman Empire and medieval Western European states.

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OSMANLI TOP TEKNOLOJİSİNİN BURGONYA DUKALIĞI’NA AKTARIMI, 1457-1467

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 159 - 181, 28.02.2022

Abstract

Mevcut çalışmalar, Avrupa askeri teknolojilerinin Osmanlı’ya nasıl transfer edilip intibak sağladığı yönünde yoğunlaşmışlardır. Bu makalede ise Osmanlı top teknolojisinin ortaçağ Avrupa’sına aktarımı ve tesiri ele alınmaktadır. Osmanlı harp sanayiinin ve top teknolojisinin 15. yüzyılda Avrupalı muadillerinden daha gelişmiş ve yenilikçi özelliklere sahip olduğu farklı kaynaklar incelenerek ortaya konulmaktadır. Somut olarak bu çalışmada, Burgonya Dükü III. Filip’in 1450’lı yıllarda Osmanlı toplarından esinlenerek Burgonya ateş gücünü geliştirme çabasına ışık tutulmaktadır. Osmanlı’dan Burgonya’ya yapılan teknolojik transferin nicelik ve niteliğini belirleyip bağlamına yerleştirmek için farklı kaynaklar incelenmiştir. Dönemin farklı kronik yazarlarının yanı sıra Burgonya mali belgelerinde teknoloji aktarımı için yapılan harcamalar, top ustası ve zanaatkârların istihdamı gibi kayıtlar da takip edilmiştir. Ayrıca Burgonya saray çevrelerinde Osmanlı etkisinin, top teknolojisiyle sınırlı kalmayıp edebi ve tarihi anlatılarında yaygın olarak kullanılan Fatih Sultan Mehmed’in imgesi de mercek altına alınmıştır. Sonuç itibariyle ortaya çıkan bulgular, Batı’nın modern dünyanın tarihsel gelişiminin tek odak noktası olmadığına dair kavrayışı desteklemektedir. Ateşli silah ve top teknolojisi alanındaki gelişmelerin, insanların ve fikirlerin kültürlerarası hareketliliğinden ortaya çıkan etkileşimin bir sonucu olduğu ileri sürülmüştür. Bu nedenle Osmanlı ve ortaçağ Batı Avrupa dünyaları arasında jeopolitik çatışmanın yanı sıra kültürel etkileşimin de varlığına işaret edilmiştir.

References

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  • Tetkik Eserler
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  • AGOSTON, Gabor, Top ve Tüfek. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Askeri Gücü ve Silah Sanayisi, çev. Tanju Akad, İstanbul, Kitap Yay., 2006.
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  • AYDÜZ, Salim, XV. ve XVI. Yüzyılda Tophane-i Amire ve Top Döküm Teknolojisi, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara, 2006.
  • AYDÜZ, Salim, “Osmanlı Askerî Teknoloji Tarihi: Ateşli Silahlar”, Türkiye Araştırmaları Literatür Dergisi, 2/4 (2004): 265-295.
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  • BAYLY, Christopher, “History and World History”, Ulinka Rublack ed., A Concise Companion to History, Oxford Un. Press, Oxford, 2011.
  • BEAN, Richard, “War and the Birth of the Nation State”, The Journal of Economic History, 33/1 (1973): 203-221.
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  • BRUSQUE, Georges Le, “Des chevaliers bourguignons dans les pays du Levant: L’expédition de Walleran de Wavrin contre les Turcs ottomans (1444-1446) dans les Anchiennes Cronicques d’Engleterre de Jean de Wavrin”, Le Moyen Âge, 106 (2000): 255-276.
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  • CARON, Marie-Thérèse, Les voeux du faisan, noblesse en fête, esprit de croisade. Le manuscrit français 11594 de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (Turnhout: Brepols, 2003).
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  • CONTAMINE, Philippe, “Les industries de guerre dans la France de la Renaissance: l’exemple de l’artillerie”, Revue Historique, 550 (1984): 249-280.
  • CONTAMINE, Philippe, Guerre, état et societé à la fin du môyen age. Etudes sur les armées des rois de France, 1337-1494, Mouton Publ., Paris, 1972.
  • DE VRIES, Kelly, “Gunpowder Weapons at the Siege of Constantinople, 1453”, (ed.) Yaacov Lev, War and Society in the Eastern Mediterranean, 7th-15th Centuries, Brill, Leiden, 1997.
  • DE VRIES, Kelly, “The Walls Come Tumbling Down: The Campaigns of Philip the Good and the Myth of Fortification Vulnerability to Early Gunpowder Weapons”, (ed.) Andrew Villalon ve Donald J. Kagay, The Hundred Years War. A Wider Focus, Leiden, Brill, 2005.
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  • DEPRETER, Michael, “A la Faiçon de Turquie. Philippe le Bon et l’artillerie ottomane: de l’admiration à la désillusion?”, Pays bourguignons et Orient: diplomatie, conflits, pèlerinages, échanges (XIVe-XVIe siècles), Publication du Centre européen d’études bourguignonnes, Neuchâtel, 2016, s. 135-136.
  • DEPRETER, Michael, Artillerie, Artisans et Pouvoir princier dans les pays bourguignons (1450-1493), basılmamış doktora tezi, Brüksel, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 2014.
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There are 86 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Early Modern Military History
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Hilmi Kaçar This is me 0000-0002-0619-9052

Publication Date February 28, 2022
Submission Date October 8, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 14 Issue: 1

Cite

Chicago Kaçar, Hilmi. “OSMANLI TOP TEKNOLOJİSİNİN BURGONYA DUKALIĞI’NA AKTARIMI, 1457-1467”. History Studies 14, no. 1 (February 2022): 159-81.