Hellen Diplomasisinde Uzlaşmazlıkların Çözümünde Tahkim Uygulaması

Year 2025, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 317 - 332, 10.05.2025

Erdoğan Gürbüz , Ümran Ozan Karahan

Abstract

Topluluklar veya devletlerarası ilişkilerin düzenlenmesinin bir gereği olarak ortaya çıkan diplomasi, insanlık tarihinin en eski dönemlerinden beri yazılı kaynaklarda karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Belirli bir prosedür çerçevesinde gelişen ve işleyen diplomasi, birçok aracı da beraberinde getirmiştir. Diplomasinin bir aracı olan ve konumuzun ana hatlarını oluşturan tahkim (διαιτητής) de bunlardan biridir. Edebi ve epigrafik kaynaklarda sık sık karşılaşılan tahkim, ihtilaf durumundaki iki tarafın ortak olarak seçtikleri üçüncü bir tarafça yapılan yargılama sürecinin tümünü içerir. Tahkim, özellikle Hellenistik Dönem’de Batı Anadolu kentlerinde toprak anlaşmazlıkları başta olmak üzere, borçlar, önemli suyolları ve limanların kullanımında yaşanan anlaşmazlıklarda sıklıkla kullanılmıştır. Taraflar bazen ihtilaf durumunda uzlaşarak tahkime giderken bazen ise geçmişte yaptıkları bir anlaşmanın şartına uyarak tahkime gitmekteydi. Tahkimin işleyişi, Roma’nın Hellenler üzerindeki hâkimiyetinin artmasıyla değişikliğe uğramıştır. Bu çalışmada edebi ve epigrafik kaynaklar ile tetkik ve telif eserlerden yola çıkarak topluluklar arası diplomasinin gelişimi ve akabinde ilk tahkim örneklerinden bahsedildikten sonra Hellen kentlerinde tahkimin uygulanış şekli, prosedürü ve Roma’nın bölgedeki hâkimiyetinden sonra ne gibi değişikliklere uğradığından bahsedilecektir.

Keywords

Diplomasi, Tahkim, Hellen, Roma

The Practice of Arbitration in the Resolution of Disputes in Hellenic Diplomacy

Abstract

Diplomacy, which emerged as a necessity for the regulation of relations between communities or states, has appeared in written sources since the earliest periods of human history. Diplomacy, which develops and operates within the framework of a certain procedure, has brought along many instruments. arbitration(διαιτητής), which is an instrument of diplomacy and constitutes the main lines of our topic, is one of them. Arbitration was frequently used in Western Anatolian cities, especially in the Hellenistic period, mostly in land disputes, debts, and disputes over the use of important waterways and harbours. Arbitration was frequently used in Western Anatolian cities, especially in the Hellenistic Period, in disputes over land, debts, and the use of important waterways and harbours. Sometimes the parties would compromise on the dispute and go to arbitration, and sometimes they would go to arbitration in accordance with the terms of a previous agreement. The functioning of arbitration changed with the increase of Roman domination over the Hellenes. In this study, the development of inter-communal diplomacy and the first examples of arbitration will be discussed on the basis of literary and epigraphic sources and treatises, followed by the application of arbitration in Hellenic cities, its procedure and the changes it underwent after the Roman domination in the region.

Keywords

Diplomacy, Arbitration, Hellenes, Roman

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