ANTİK DÖNEMDE ARTI ÜRÜN DEPOLAMA KAVRAMI VE DEPOLAMA KAPLARI

Year 2018, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 595 - 610, 21.07.2018

Kudret Sezgin

https://doi.org/10.17218/hititsosbil.414855

Abstract

Bu
makalede depolama kavramı ve uygulama işlemi ana hatlarıyla ele alınmış ve bu
bağlamda depolama kapları iki ana yönüyle irdelenmiştir. Öncelikle pithos
kaplarının morfolojik, dekoratif ve teknik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Bu
kapsamda zamansal ayrım yapılmadan arkeolojik ve etnoarkeolojik veriler
yardımıyla genel hatlarıyla üretim teknikleri ele alınmıştır. Diğer yönü ise
ele geçtikleri arkeolojik bağlam çerçevesinde antik dönem ekonomisindeki
rolleri ve işlevsel nitelikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, en önemli
arkeolojik materyallerden olan seramik çalışmalarında ikinci planda kalan
depolama kapları, arkeometrik yöntemlerle incelendiğinde üretim ve dağıtım
ağları hakkında sağlam sonuçlar sunacakları gibi basit yerel topluluklardan
kompleks merkezi topluluklara kadar ekonomik-politik yapıları ve gelişimlerinin
anlaşılmasında odak noktası olabileceği vurgulanmıştır.

Keywords

Depolama, Depo Kabı, Pithos, Üretim Tekniği, Antik Ekonomi, Artı Ürün

References

• AKDOĞAN, R. (2015), "Anadolu’da “İmli” Kapların Kullanımıyla İlgili Bazı Gözlemler" in: İ. Albayrak, H. Erol, M. Çayır (edits.), Cahit Günbattı’ya Armağan, Studies In Honour Of Cahit Günbattı, Ankara: (ss.1-14)
• ALEXİOU vd. (1968), S. Alexiou, N. Platon, H. Guanella,. Ancient Crete, Thames & Hudson, London 1968.
• BASS vd. (1989), Bass G. F., Pulak, C., Dominique Collon and James Weinstein, The Bronze Age Shipwreck at Ulu Burun: 1986 Campaign, American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 93, No. 1: pp. 1-29
• BELLİ, O. (2001), "Çavuştepe (Šardurḫinili) Excavations". In: O. Belly (ed.): İstanbul University’s Contributions to Archaeology in Turkey 1932-2000. İstanbul: pp. 173–178.
• BİTTEL, K. (1939-1941) K. Bittel, "Ein Gräberfeld der Yortankultur bei Babaköy", AOF 13: s.1-28.
• BLİTZER, H. (1990), Harriet Blitzer, "KOPΩNEÏKA: Storage-Jar Production and Trade in the Traditional Aegean", Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Vol. 59/4, Princeton: pp. 675-711.
• BOSKAMP A. (1996), "Minoan Storage Capacities (1): Graffiti on Pithoi in the Palace Magazines at Knossos", The Annual of the British School at Athens, Vol. 91, pp. 101-112.
• BRENNİ, G. M. R. (1985), The Dolia and The Sea-Borne Commerce of Imperial Rome (M.A Thesis), Texas.
• BRUMLİCH, M. (2005), "Der Pithos mit dem Fischmedaillon. Zur Darstellung eines Rochens im minoischen Kamaresstil", Prähistorische Zeitschrift: s.149-159.
• BURNEY, C. (1998), "The Kingdom of Urartu (Van): Investigations into the Archaeology of the Early First Millennium BC within Eastern Anatolia (1956-1965)", in: R.Matthews (edt), Ancient Anatolia,Fifty Years' Work by the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, London: (ss.143-162)
• BÜYÜKSARAÇ vd. (2008), A. Büyüksaraç, M.Ö. Arısoy, Ö. Bektaş, Ö.Koçak, T.Çay, "Determination of Grave Locations in Dedemezari Necropolis (Western Turkey) using Magnetic Field Derivatives", Archaeological Prospection 15, Published online in Wiley InterScience (ss.267–283).
• CHRİSTAKİS, K.S. (1996), "Craft specialisation in Minoan Crete: the case for itinerant pithos makers", Aegean Archaeology 3-1996, Studies and Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology and Civilization ser. II Volume 4, Warsaw 1998 s.63-74.
• CHRİSTAKİS, K.S. (1998), "Craft specialisation in Minoan Crete: the case for itinerant pithos makers", Aegean Archaeology 3-1996, Studies and Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology and Civilization ser. II Volume 4, Warsaw 1998: 63-74.
• CHRİSTAKİS, K.S. (1999), "Pithoi and Food Storage in Neopalatial Crete: A Domestic Perspective", World Archaeology, Vol. 31, No. 1, Food Technology in Its Social Context: Production, Processing and Storage, 1999: 1-20.
• CHRİSTAKİS, K.S. (2004), Palatial economy and storage in Late Bronze Age, British School at Athens Studies, Vol. 12, KNOSSOS: PALACE, CITY, STATE (2004), pp.299-309
• CHRİSTAKİS, K.S. (2005), Cretan Bronze Age Pithoi, Traditions and Trends in The Production and Consumption of Storage Containers in Bronze Age Crete, Prehistory Monographs 18, INSTAP Academic Press, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 2005.
• CHRİSTAKİS, K.S. (2006), "Τraditions and Trends in The Production And Consumption Of Storage Containers in Protopalatial And Neopalatial Crete", in: Malcolm H. Wiener, Jayne L. Warner, Janice Polonsky, Erin E. Hayes (eds), Pottery and Society. The Impact Of Recent Studies in Minoan Pottery, Gold Medal Colloquium in Honor of Philip P. Betancourt, 104th Annual Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America, New Orleans, Louisiana, 5 January 2003, Boston 2006, s. 119-137.
• CHRİSTAKİS, K.S. (2010), "A wine offering to the Central Palace Sanctuary at Knossos: the evidence from KN Zb 27", British School at Athens Studies, Vol. 18, CRETAN OFFERINGS: Studies in honour of Peter Warren (2010), pp. 49-55
• CHRİSTAKİS, K.S. (2011), “Pithoi and economy in LM IB state societies”, in:Thomas M. Brogan & Erik Hallager (Edit.), LM IB pottery relative chronology and regional differences. Acts of a workshop held at the Danish Institute at Athens in collaboration with the INSTAP Study Center for East Crete, 27–29 June 2007. Monographs of the Danish Institute at AthensVolume 11, 1, Athen: (ss. 241-253)
• COŞKUN, Y. (1979), "Boğazköy Metinlerinde Geçen Bazı Seçme Kap İsimleri", Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Yayınları No: 285, Ankara: s.1-61
• CULLEN vd. (1990), Tracey Cullen, Donald R. Keller, "The Greek Pithos Through Time: Multiple Functions And Diverse Imagery", in: W. D. Kingery (edt.), The Changing Roles Of Ceramics In Society: 26,000 B.P. To The Present, Ceramics And Civilization Volum: V, The American Ceramic Society Inc. Westerville, OH 1990, pp.183-209.
• DAY, P. M. (1999), "Petrographic analysis of ceramics from the shipwreck at Point Iria", in: The Point Iria wreck : interconnections in the Mediterranean, ca. 1200 BC : proceedings of the international conference, Island of Spetses, 19 September 1998 / edited by William Phelps, Yannos Lolos, Yannis Vichos, Athens: s.59-71.
• DEMARGNE, P. (1972), "Un Pithos Archaïque Crétois Au Musée Du Louvre", Revue Archéologique, Nouvelle Série, Fasc. 1, Études de céramique et de peinture antiques offertes à Pierre Devambez, 1 Presses Universitaires de France: ss. 35-46
• DEMİREL, S. (2013), Hitit İnanç Sistemi ve Ekonomi İlişkisi (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi) Ankara.
• DİCKİNSON, O. (2006), Dickinson O., The Aegean from Bronze Age to Iron Age, Continuity And Change Between The Twelfth And Eighth Centuries BC, London-New York.
• ERKANAL, H. (2008), H. Erkanal, “Die Neuen Forschungen in Bakla Tepe bei İzmir”, in: H. Erkanal, H. Hauptmann, V. Şahoğlu, R. Tuncel(edits.), Proceedings of the International Symposium. The Aegean in the Neolithic, Chalcolithic and the Early Bronze Age, October 13th-19th 1997, Urla-İzmir (Turkey), Ankara: 165-177.
• HAMPE, R. ve WİNTER, A. (1962), Bei Töpfern und Töpferinnen in Kreta, Messenien und Zypern, Römisch-german. Zentralmuseum, Mainz.
• HANEL, N. (2001), "Schwerkeramik", In: Thomas Fischer (Hrsg.): Die römischen Provinzen. Eine Einführung in ihre Archäologie. Theiss-Verlag, Stuttgart: s. 300–302.
• HİLGERS, W. (1969), Lateinische Gefässnamen. Bezeichnungen, Funktion und Form römischer Gefäße nach den antiken Schriftquellen. Rheinland-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1969.
• HOFFNER JR., H.A. (1995), "Oil in Hittite Texts", The Biblical Archaeologist, Vol. 58, No. 2, Anatolian Archaeology: A Tribute to Peter Neve, American Schools of Oriental Research: ss. 108-114
• ILIOPOULOS vd. 2011 I. Iliopoulos, V. Xanthopoulou, P. Tsolis-Katagas, "A Petrographic Assessment of Houseware and Storage Pithoi in the Early Helladic Settlement of Helike, Achaea, Greece", Helike IV. Ancient Helike and Aigialeia. Protohelladika: The Southern and Central Greek Mainland, (edit.) Dora Katsonopoulou, Athen 2011, s.127-142.
• KAZENWADEL, B. (1995), Lidar Höyük - die hellenistische und römische Keramik, Dresden 1995, s.18
• KİBAROĞLU, M. vd. (2013), M. Kibaroğlu, D. Thumm-Doğrayan, "Trojan pithoi: A petrographic approach to provenance of Bronze Age storage vessels from Troy", Applied Clay Science 82: s.44–52.
• KİRİGİN, K. (2007), “Pithos/dolium - uvodne napomene (Pitos/dolium - introductive remarks)”, Akademia der Wissenschaften und Künste von Bosnien-Herzegowina, Jahrbuch XXXVI, Zentrum für Balkanforschungen 34, Sarajevo: ss.125-156.
• KLETTER R. (1999), "Late Iron Age Pithoi bearing Potters' Marks", in: Tel Ira: : A Stronghold in the Biblical Negev. Beit-Arieh, I. (ed.). Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University, p. 140-152 (Institute of Archaeology, Monograph Series; vol. 15)
• KÖKTEN, K. (1949), "1949 Yılı Tarihöncesi Araştırmaları", Belleten XIII: s.812-814.
• LAMB, W. (1925), "Stamped Pithos Fragments in the Collection of the British School", The Annual of the British School at Athens, Vol. 26 (1923/1924 - 1924/1925), pp. 72-77.
• LİDDELL ve SCOTT (1940), H.G. Liddell - R. Scott, "πίθος", in: Sir Henry Stuart Jones, Roderick McKenzie, A Greek-English Lexicon, Oxford. Clarendon Press. 1940 in: Perseus Projekt, s.514.
• LONDON, G. (1989), Töpferei auf Zypern, damals-heute, Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rein 1989.
• MELLİNK, M. J. (1964-1974), "Excavations at Karataş-Semayük and Elmali Lycia 1963-1973", American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 68- 78, Archaeological Institute of America (1964-1974).
• PULLEN, D. J. (2011), Daniel J. Pullen, "Redistribution in Aegean Palatial Societies. Before the Palaces: Redistribution and Chiefdoms in Mainland Greece", American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 115, No. 2: pp. 185-195
• ROTROFF, S. I. (2006), The Athenian Agora, Vol. 33, Hellenistic Pottery: The Plain Wares, American School of Classical Studies at Athens 2006.
• SCHİAPPELLİ, A. (2015), Andrea Schiappelli, "Along The Routes of Pithoi in the Late Bronze Age", The Mediterranean Mirror Cultural Contacts in the Mediterranean Sea Between 1200 and 750 B.C., International Post-doc and Young Researcher Conference Heidelberg, 6th-8th October 2012, Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Tagungen Band 20, Andrea Babbi · Friederike Bubenheimer-Erhart Beatriz Marín-Aguilera · Simone Mühl (eds), Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz: s.231-243.
• SCHİFFER, M. B. (1987), Formation Processes of the Archaeological Record. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
• SHAW vd. (1993), J. W. Shaw, M. C. Shaw,. Excavations at Kommos (Crete) During 1986-1992. Hesperia, 62: s.129-190.
• SMYTH, M. P. (1989), "Domestic storage behaviour in Mesoamerica. An ethnoarchaeological approach", Archaeological Method and Theory, 1: 89-138.
• THEMELİS, P. (2006), "A relief pithos from Eretria-Iconography and Interpretation", ΓΕΝΕΘΛΙΟΝ, Atina 2006, pp. 95-106.
• WHEELER, T. S. (1974), "Early Bronze Age Burial Customs in Western Anatolia", American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 78, No. 4: pp. 415-425.
• WOODBURN, J. (1982), “Egalitarian Societies, Man”, New Series, Vol. 17, No. 3: 431-451.