PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, GC-MS, FTIR ANALYSIS OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS, CORIANDRUM SATIVUM L AND MENTHA SPICATA

Abstract

Phytochemical and some proximate composition analysis was carried out on three (3) selected edible medicinal plants leaves which were believed to be of medicinal value and have physiological effects as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-pyretic, antioxidant, laxative etc. The significant aim of the research is to identify the phyto-components as well as compounds presents in the ethanolic extract of Mentha spicata L (mints), Rosemarinus officinalis (Rosemary), and Coriandrum sativum (coriander) using two different analytical methods GC-MS along with their functional groups using FTIR. The GC-MS analysis reveals more than thirty (30) compounds identified as major constituents and mostly all the compounds identified was found to possess medicinal properties. The data analysis from FTIR spectrometry representing most of the strong absorptions bands which further indicates major functional groups such as aliphatic amines, alkanes, aromatic (primary and secondary) and carboxylic acids. While the preliminary phytochemical screening conducted indicates the presence of Flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, and saponins from the ethanolic extracts of the plant extracts. Therefore the findings indicate that all the selected plant samples are potential sources of medicinal activities and can be applied in the field of phyto-medicine considering their diverse ethno-pharmacological importance.

Keywords

• Medicinal Plants
• Phytochemical Screening
• Phyto-medicine
• Phyto-components

References

1. 1. H. O. Edeoga, D. E. Okwu, B. O. Mbaebie, Phytochemical Constituents of some Nigerian Medicinal Plants, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 4 (2005) 685-688.
2. 2. D. Kumar, P. J. Shrivastava, phytochemical analysis of miracle herb coriander sativum Indian J.Sci. Res, 13 (2017) 34-48.
3. 3. I. Ahmad, Z. Mehmood, Screening of some Indian medical plants for their antimicrobial properties, J. Ethnopharmacol., 62 (2010) 183-193.
4. 4. O. A. Aiyegoro, A. Okoh, Preliminary phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract of Helichrysum longifolium, BMC Complement Altern Med., 10 (2010) 21– 28.
5. 5. G. Philomena, Concerns regarding the safety and toxicity of medicinal plants—an overview, J. Appl. Pharmaceut. Sci., 1 (2011) 40–44.
6. 6. H. Yuan, Q. Ma, L. Ye, G. Piao, The traditional medicine and modern medicine from natural products, Molecules., 21 (2016) 559.
7. 7. N. L. Pathak, S. B. Kasture, N. M. Bhatt, J. D. Rathod, phytopharmacological properties of Coriander as a potential medicinal plant, An overview journal of applied pharmaceuticals science, 4 (2011) 20 -27.
8. 8. F. Malongane, L. McGaw, F. N. Mudau, The synergistic potential of various teas, herbs and therapeutic drugs in health improvement: a review, J. Sci. Food Agri., 97 (2017) 4679–4689.

9. 9. R. Yadav, R. K. Khare, A. Singhal, Qualitative phytochemical screening of some selected medicinal plants of Shivpuri District (MP), Int. J. Life Sci. Sci. Res., 3 (2017) 844–847.
10. 10. M. M. Özcan, J. C. Chalchat., Chemical composition and antifungal activity of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) oil from Turkey, International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition., 59 (2008) 691-698.
11. 11. N. Arnold, G. Valentini, B. Bellomaria, A. Hocine, Comparative study of the essential oils from Rosmarinus eriocalyx Jordan & Fourr. From Algeria and R. officinalis L. from other countries, Journal of Essential Oil Research, 9 (1997) 167-175.
12. 12. K. Ashok, S. Chandra, P. Dutt, B. Lal Kaul, A. Tava, Essential oil composition of Mentha x piperita L. from different environments of north India, Flav Fragr., 14 (1999) 5-8.
13. 13. D. Ganesh, K. S. Kiran, K. J. Prakash, S. Norayama, GCMS analysis of phytocomponents in the methanolic extracts of Mentha arvensis (corn mints), IJCPS., 6 (2014).
14. 14. L. A. Sofowora, Medicinal plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa. Spectrum Books Ltd, Ibadan, (1993) 55-71.
15. 15. G.E.Trease, W.C. Evans, Pharmacognosy 11th Ed., Tindall Ltd, London, (1989) 60-75.
16. 16. G. A. Ayoola, H. A. B. Coker, S. A. Adesegun, A. A. Adepoju-Bello, K. Obaweya, E. C. Ezennia, T. O. Atangbayila, Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activities of some selected medicinal plants used for malarial therapy in South-Western Nigeria, Trop. J. Pharm. Res. 7 (2008) 1019-1024.
17. 17. A. G. Gülbaba, N. Özkurt, M. Kürkçüoğlu, Mersin Adana yöresindeki doğal biberiye (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) populasyonlarının tespiti ve uçucu yağ verim ve bileşimlerinin belirlenmesi. Orman Bakanlığı Teknik Bülten, 193 (2002) 193 5-30.
18. 18. A. Muhammad, S. Muhammad, J. Amer, Phytochemical spectrum of Essential Oil of Paganum harmala by GC-MS and antimicrobial activity using sequential solvents fractions and essential oil, Asian J. Chem., 26 (2014) 574–578.
19. 19. A. Hussain, W. Shadma, R. Aleza, and H. Sarfaraj, Microscopial, anatomical and physico- chemical studies on leaves of foenuculum vulgare growing widely in eastern Uttar Pradesh region of India, Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources., 1 (2011) 74-80.
20. 20. J. K. Mensah, R. I. Okoli, J.O. Ohaju-Obodo, K. Eifediyi, Phytochemical, nutritional and medical properties of some leafy vegetables consumed by Edo people of Nigeria, Afr. J. Biotech., 7 (2018) 200-230.
21. 21. A. Kathirvel, A. K. Rai, G. S. Maurya, V. Sujatha, Dryopteris cochleata Rhizome: a nutritional source of essential elements, phytochemicals, antioxidants and antimicrobials, Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci,. 6 (2014) 179–188.
22. 22. P. Ruthiran, R. Lokesh, I. S. Chinnadura, Phytochemical studies and GC-MS analysis of Spermadictyon suaveolens Roxb, Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 9 (2017) 143–149.
23. 23. Z. Z. Mohamed, S. Benedict, Phytochemical constituents of the leaves of Leucaena leucocephala from Malaysia, Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 8 (2016) 174–179.
24. 24. P. G Jiji, M. P. Subin, Qualitative phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis in the leaf methanolic extracts of Kamettia caryophyllata (Roxb.) Nicolson and Suresh, Paripex Indian J. Res., 6 (2017) 470–479.
25. 25. G. S Kumar, K. N. Jayaveera, C. K. Ashok Kumar, U. P. Sanjay, B. M. Vrushabendra Swamy, D. V. Kishore Kumar, Screening of antioxidant activity, total phenolic and GC-MS study of Vitexnegundo. Trop. J. Pharm. Res., 6 (2007) 717-723.
26. 26. K. S. Sunil, S. Akki, B. D. Ashika, L. R. Chitrali, S. Naresh, S. Balasubramanian, GCMS And FTIR analysis on the methanolic extract of coriandrum sativum leaves, European journal of pharmaceutical and medical research, 5 (2018) 455-457.
27. 27. K. Ashish, J. Bhat, GC-MS analysis of methanol extract of Acacia nilotica (L.) Leaves. Int. J. Pharma. Chem., 6 (2016) 50–53.
28. 28. K. B. Santhos, D. Manickam, P. Sri Kamatchi, S. Shyama, S. Subramaniam, GC-MS analysis of an Ayurvedic medicine Modified Arjunarishta, Int. J. Curr. Res. Chem. Pharm. Sci. 4 (2017) 46–50.
29. 29. K. S. Thanga Krishna, S. Muthukumarasamy, V. R Mohan, GC-MS analyses of ethanol extract of Sarcostemma secamone (L) bennet (Asclepiadaceae). Sci. Res., 2 (2012) 187–191.
30. 30. R. L. Shrestha, GC-MS analysis, antibacterial and antioxidant study of Amomum subulatum, J. Med. Plants Stud., 5 (2017) 126–129.
31. 31. A. Balasubramanian, S. Akki, B. D. Ashika, S. Naresh, GCMS and FTIR analysis on the methanolic extract of coriadrum sativum L leaves, ejpmr., 5 (2018).
32. 32. P. Rajiv, A. Deepa, P. Vanathi, D. Vidhya, Screening for phytochemical and FTIR analysis of Myristica Dacttyloids fruits extracts, International journal of pharmaceuticals science (2020) 316-318.
33. 33. F. N. Iheagwam, O. O. Ogunlana, O. E. Ogunlana, I. Isewon, J. Oyelade, Potential anti-cancer flavonoids isolated from Caesalpinia bonduc young twigs and leaves: Molecular docking and in silico studies. Bioinform. Biol. Insights., 13 (2019) 1–16.
34. 34. M. Gunjan, K. Goutam, A. K. Jham M. Umashankar, Pharmacognostic and antihyperglycemic study of Coccinia indica, International Journal of Phytomedicine., 2 (2010) 36-40.