Research Article

Synthesis and Crystal Structure Analysis of Tetragonal Phase Bismuth Oxide-Based Solid Electrolytes with Double Doping Method

Volume: 54 Number: 2 March 31, 2026
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Synthesis and Crystal Structure Analysis of Tetragonal Phase Bismuth Oxide-Based Solid Electrolytes with Double Doping Method

Abstract

In this study, Yb₂O₃ and Er₂O₃ were doped into Bi₂O₃ using the solid-state reaction method to investigate their effects on the structural and electrical properties of the material for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications. Structural characterization was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), while electrical conductivity was measured via a four-point probe method across a temperature range of 300–810°C. The influence of dopant concentration on phase stabilization, grain morphology, and ionic conductivity was systematically studied. The results revealed that β-phase tetragonal Bi₂O₃ was successfully stabilized, and Yb-doping significantly enhanced ionic conductivity, particularly at elevated temperatures. SEM analysis further elucidated the role of grain size and porosity on the conductivity behavior.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Mersin University

Ethical Statement

All experiments were conducted in the research laboratories of Mersin University. This study did not involve any human or animal subjects, and thus no ethical approval was required.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Solid State Chemistry, Crystallography, Nanochemistry

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

March 31, 2026

Submission Date

July 18, 2025

Acceptance Date

November 21, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 54 Number: 2

APA
Sönmez, P., & Yılmaz, S. (2026). Synthesis and Crystal Structure Analysis of Tetragonal Phase Bismuth Oxide-Based Solid Electrolytes with Double Doping Method. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 54(2), 99-108. https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.1745781
AMA
1.Sönmez P, Yılmaz S. Synthesis and Crystal Structure Analysis of Tetragonal Phase Bismuth Oxide-Based Solid Electrolytes with Double Doping Method. HJBC. 2026;54(2):99-108. doi:10.15671/hjbc.1745781
Chicago
Sönmez, Pelin, and Serdar Yılmaz. 2026. “Synthesis and Crystal Structure Analysis of Tetragonal Phase Bismuth Oxide-Based Solid Electrolytes With Double Doping Method”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 54 (2): 99-108. https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.1745781.
EndNote
Sönmez P, Yılmaz S (March 1, 2026) Synthesis and Crystal Structure Analysis of Tetragonal Phase Bismuth Oxide-Based Solid Electrolytes with Double Doping Method. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 54 2 99–108.
IEEE
[1]P. Sönmez and S. Yılmaz, “Synthesis and Crystal Structure Analysis of Tetragonal Phase Bismuth Oxide-Based Solid Electrolytes with Double Doping Method”, HJBC, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 99–108, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.15671/hjbc.1745781.
ISNAD
Sönmez, Pelin - Yılmaz, Serdar. “Synthesis and Crystal Structure Analysis of Tetragonal Phase Bismuth Oxide-Based Solid Electrolytes With Double Doping Method”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 54/2 (March 1, 2026): 99-108. https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.1745781.
JAMA
1.Sönmez P, Yılmaz S. Synthesis and Crystal Structure Analysis of Tetragonal Phase Bismuth Oxide-Based Solid Electrolytes with Double Doping Method. HJBC. 2026;54:99–108.
MLA
Sönmez, Pelin, and Serdar Yılmaz. “Synthesis and Crystal Structure Analysis of Tetragonal Phase Bismuth Oxide-Based Solid Electrolytes With Double Doping Method”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, vol. 54, no. 2, Mar. 2026, pp. 99-108, doi:10.15671/hjbc.1745781.
Vancouver
1.Pelin Sönmez, Serdar Yılmaz. Synthesis and Crystal Structure Analysis of Tetragonal Phase Bismuth Oxide-Based Solid Electrolytes with Double Doping Method. HJBC. 2026 Mar. 1;54(2):99-108. doi:10.15671/hjbc.1745781

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