A New Approach for Quorum Sensing System in Several Halophilic Bacteria Isolated from Salt Lake in Central Anatolia

Abstract

Quorum sensing (qs) is the system that microorganisms use to improve common behavior with another population member in their environment. Salt Lake in Turkey that is considered as an extreme environment due to its salt concentration, teems in plankton and bacteria. Especially, it is an important field for halophilic bacteria because it provides suitable growth conditions. In this study, it was determined that 20 halophilic bacteria strain isolated from Salt Lake could produce qs signal molecules which are N-acyl homoserine lactone (HSL) derivatives. For detection of these bacterial signal molecules, thin layer chromatography was utilized by using Chromobacterium violaceum cv026 and Agrobacterium tumefaciens A136 that are biosensor bacteria strains. Genomic analysis of strains that produce signal molecules was carried out via 16s rRNA. Halobacterium salinarium, Salicola sp., Halovibrio, and Halomonas were found to be common in Salt Lake. It was also observed that these strains could produce C6-HSL and C8-HSL signaling molecules and produce biofilms.

Keywords

• Homoserine lactone,quorum sensing,halophilic bacteria,Salt Lake

References

1. J.J. Nieto, R. Fernandez, Castillo, M.C. Marquez, A. Ventosa, E. Quesada, F. Ruiz-Berraquero, Survey of metal tolerance in moderately halophilic eubacteria, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 55 (1989) 2385-2390.
2. I. Llamas, E. Quesada, M.J. Martinez-Canovas, M. Gronquist, A. Eberhard, J.E. Gonzalez, Quorum sensing in hal-ophilic bacteria: detection of N-acylhomoserine lactones in the exopolysaccharideproducing species of Halomo-nas, Extremophiles, 9 (2005) 333-341.
3. Ö. Çakıcı, Biochemical and genetic characterization of Halobacterium Salinarium strain isolated from Tuz Lake in Central Anatolia,2004, Mıddle East Technıcal Unıversıty.
4. K. Ma, R. Conrad, Y. Lu, Responses of methanogen mcra genes and their transcripts to an alternate dry/ wet cycle of paddy field soil, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 78 (2012) 445-454.
5. J. Penger, R. Conrad, M. Blaser, Stable carbon isotope fractionation by methylotrophic methanogenic archaea, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 78 (2012) 7596- 7602.
6. M.M. Marketon, J.E. Gonzalez, Identification of two quorum-sensing systems in Sinorhizobium meliloti, J. Bacteriol., 184 (2002) 3466-3475.
7. M.M. Marketon, M.R. Gronquist, A. Eberhard, J.E. Gonzalez, Characterization of the Sinorhizobium meliloti sinR/sinI locus and the production of novel N-acyl homoserine lactones, J. Bacteriol., 184(2002) 5686-5695.
8. V.A. Blana, G.J. Nychas, Presence of quorum sensing signal molecules in minced beef stored under various tem-perature and packaging conditions, Int. J. Food. Microbiol., 173 (2014) 1-8.

9. H. Lade, D. Paul, J.H. Kweon, Isolation and molecular characterization of biofouling bacteria and profiling of quorum sensing signal molecules from membrane bioreactor activated sludge, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 15 (2014) 2255-2273.
10. R.H. González, A. Nusblat, B.C. Nudel, Detection and characterization of quorum sensing signal molecules in Acinetobacter strains, Microbiol. Res., 155 (2001) 271-277.
11. D. Anbazhagan, M. Mansor, G.O. Yan, M.Y. Md Yusof, H. Hassan, S.D. Sekaran, Detection of quorum sensing sig-nal molecules and identification of an autoinducer synthase gene among biofilm forming clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp, PloS one, 7 (2012)
12. S.D. Saroj, P.N. Rather, Streptomycin inhibits quorum sensing in Acinetobacter baumannii, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 57 (2013) 1926-1929.
13. J.H. Merritt, D.E. Kadouri, G.A. O’Toole, Growing and analyzing static biofilms, Curr. Protoc. Microbiol., Chapter 1 (2005) Unit 1B.1.
14. D. Mack, W. Fischer, A. Krokotsch, K. Leopold, R. Hartmann, H. Egge, R. Laufs, The intercellular adhesin in-volved in biofilm accumulation of Staphylococcus epidermidis is a linear beta-1, 6-linked glucosaminoglycan: purification and structural analysis. J. Bacteriol., 178 (1996) 175-183.
15. X. Wang, J.F. Preston, T. Romeo, The pgaABCD locus of Escherichia coli promotes the synthesis of a polysaccha-ride adhesin required for biofilm formation, J. Bacteriol., 186 (2004) 2724-2734.
16. S.B. McGee, C.A. Orengo, M.E. Kunik, V.A. Molinari, R.H. Workman, Delirium in geropsychiatric patients: patient characteristics and treatment outcomes, J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol., 10 (1997) 7-10.
17. R. Rohban, M.A. Amoozegar, A. Ventosa, Screening and isolation of halophilic bacteria producing extracellular hydrolyses from Howz Soltan Lake, Iran, J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 36 (2009) 333-340.
18. C. Sánchez‐Porro, S. Martin, E. Mellado, A. Ventosa, Diversity of moderately halophilic bacteria producing extra-cellular hydrolytic enzymes, J. Appl. Microbiol., 94 (2003) 295-300.
19. M. Le Chevanton, M. Garnier, G. Bougaran, N. Schreiber, E. Lukomska, J.B. Bérard, E. Fouilland, O. Bernard, J.P. Cadoret, Screening and selection of growth-promoting bacteria for Dunaliella cultures, Algal Res., 2 (2013) 212-222.
20. J. Liu, A.J. Lewitus, P. Brown, S.B. Wilde, Growthpromoting effects of a bacterium on raphidophytes and other phytoplankton, Harmful Algae, 7 (2008) 1-10.
21. A. Tahrioui, E. Quesada, I. Llamas, The hanR/hanI quorum-sensing system of Halomonas anticariensis, a moder-ately halophilic bacterium, Microbiology, 157 (2011) 3378-87
22. A. Tahrioui, M. Schwab, E. Quesada, I. Llamas, Quorum sensing in some representative species of halomonadaceae, Life (Basel), 3 (2013) 260-75.
23. B.A. Doğaner, L.K. Yan, H. Youk, Autocrine signaling and quorum sensing: Extreme ends of a common spectrum, Trends Cell Biol., 26 (2016) 262-271.
24. K. Montgomery, J.C. Charlesworth, R. Lebard, P.T. Visscher, B.P. Burns, Quorum Sensing in Extreme Environments, Life, 3 (2013) 131-148.
25. H.P. Steenackers, I. Parijs, K.R. Foster, J. Vanderleyden, Experimental evolution in biofilm populations, FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 40 (2016) 373-397.
26. A. Kılıç, E. Uyanık, Tuz Gölü’nde oluşan kirlenmenin göl üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılması, 4. Endüstriyel Hammaddeler Sempozyumu 18-19 Ekim, (2001) 135- 145.
27. M.P. Schultz, J.A. Bendick, E.R. Holm, W.M. Hertel, Economic impact of biofouling on a naval surface ship, Biofouling., 27 (2011) 87-98.