Development of Iridium Based Fluorimetric Method for Determination of Cystein

Abstract

Tiyol grupları içeren aminoasitler olarak Sistein (Cys) ve homosistein (Hcy) biyolojik sistemlerde birçok önemli rol oynamaktadır. HCy’nin plazma seviyesinin, kardiyovasküler ve Alzheimer gibi bazı hastalıkların bir göstergesi olduğu bilinmektedir. Plazmadaki Cys eksikliği karaciğer hasarı, kas ve yağ kaybı, cilt lezyonları, yavaş büyüme vb. Gibi durumlarla ilişkilidir. Bu çalışmada, Cys seviyelerinin belirlenmesi için floresan tabanlı bir metot geliştirilmek üzere yüksek fotolüminesans etkinlik gösteren iridium kompleksleri seçilmiştir. Daha sonra sentezlenen kompleks, Cys çözeltileriyle etkileştirilmiştir. İridyum kompleksiyle etkileşen Cys derişimi arttıkça çözeltinin floresans şiddetinin de arttığı bulunmuştur. Buradan yola çıkarak, sentezlenen iridyum kompleksinin, serum örneklerinde Cys seviyesinin florimetrik tayininde kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

• Cystein determination
• iridium complex
• fluorimetric determination

References

1. 1. Y. Sun, M. X. Yu, S. Liang, Y. J. Zhang, C. G. Li, T. T. Mou, W. J. Yang, X. Z. Zhang, B. Li and F. Y. Li, Fluorine-18 labeled rare-earth nanoparticles for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of sentinel lymoh node, Biomaterials, 32 (2011) 2999-3007. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.01.011.
2. 2. T. Y. Cao, Y. Yang, Y. Gao, J. Zhou, Z. Li, F. Y. Li, High-quality water soluble and surface-functionalized upconversion nanocrystals as luminescent probes for bioimaging, Biomaterials, 32 (2011) 2959-2968. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.12.050.
3. 3. M. Jr. Bruchez, M. Moronne, P. Gin, S. Weiss, A. P. Alivisatos,Semiconductor nanocrystals as fluorescent biological labels, Science, 281 (1998) 2013-2016. doi: 10.1126/science.281.5385.2013.
4. 4. W. C. W. Chan, S. Nie,Quantum dot Bioconjugates for Ultrasensitive Nonisotopic Detection, Science, 281,(1998), 2016-2018. doi: 10.1126/science.281.5385.2016
5. 5. B. Dubertret, P. Skourides, D. J. Norris, V. Noireaux, A. H. Brivanlou ,A. Libchaber, In vivo imaging of quantum dots encapsulated in phospholipid micelles Science, 298, (2002), 1759-1762. doi: 10.1126/science.1077194.
6. 6. I. L. Medintz, H. T. Uyeda, E. R. Goldman, H. Mattoussi, Quantum dot bioconjugates for imaging, labelling and sensing, Nat. Mater., (4), 2005, 435-446. doi: 10.1038/nmat1390.
7. 7. J. Escobedo, O. Rusin, S. Lim, R.M.Strongin. NIR Dyes for Bioimaging Applications. Current opinion in chemical biology 14(1), (2009), 64-70. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.10.022
8. 8. C. H. Huang, F. Y. Li, W. Huang, Intruduction to Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices, Press of Fudan University, Shanghai, 2005.

9. 9. Y. Ma, S. Liu, Y Wu, C Yang, X Liu, Q.Zhao, H. Wu, J. Liang, F. Li, W. Huang. Water-soluble phosphorescent iridium(iii) complexes as multicolor probes for imaging of homocysteine and cysteine in living cells J. Mater. Chem., (21) 2011, 18974-18982. doi: 10.1039/C1JM13513A.
10. 10. W.S. Speidl, M. Nikfardjam, A. Niessner Mild hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with a decreased fibrinolytic activity in patients after ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Thromb Res 119(3), (2007), 331–336.
11. 11. S. Kostić, Ž Mićovic, L Andrejević,.The effects of L-cysteine and N-acetyl-L-cysteine on homocysteine metabolism and haemostatic markers, and on cardiac and aortic histology in subchronically methionine-treated Wistar male rats. Mol Cell Biochem 451 (2019),43-54. doi: 10.1007/s11010-018-3391-z
12. 12. P.M. Ueland, M.A. Mansoor, A.B. Guttormsen. Reduced, oxidized and protein-bound forms of homocysteine and other aminothiols in plasma comprise the redox thiols status—a possible element of the extracellular antioxidant defence system. J Nutr 126, (1996), 1281S–1281S4S, doi:10.1093/jn/126.suppl4.1281S.
13. 13. M.E. Johll, D.G. Willimas, D.C. Johnson Activated pulsed amperometric detection of cysteine at platinum electrodes in acidic media Electroanalysis, 9 (1997), p. 1397 doi: 10.1002/elan.1140091805
14. 14. A. Besada, N.B. Tadros, Y.A. Gawargious. Copper(II)-neocuproine as color reagent for some biologically active thiols: spectrophotometric determination of cysteine, penicillamine, glutathione, and 6-mercaptopurine Microchim. Acta, 99, (1989), 143-146, doi: 10.1007/BF01242800.
15. 15. E. Tütem, R. Apak. Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of cysteine in amino acid mixture using copper(II)-neocupoine reagent Anal. Chim. Acta, 255 (1991), 121-125.
16. 16. J. Chrastil. Spectrophotometric determination of cysteine and cystine in urine Analyst, 115 (1990), 1383-1384, doi: 10.1039/an9901501383.
17. 17. T. Pérez-Ruiz, C. Martinez- -Lozano, V. Tomás, J. Carpena Spectrofluorimetric flow injection method for the individual and successive determination of l-cysteine and l-cystine in pharmaceutical and urine samples. Analyst, 117, (1992), 1025-1028. doi: 10.1039/AN9921701025
18. 18. J. Russel, J.A. Mckeown, C. Hensman, W.E. Smith, J. Reglinski HPLC determination of biologically active thiols using pre-column derivatization with 5, 5′-dithio-bis-2-nitro-benzoic acid J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 15 (1999), 1757-1763. doi: 10.1016/s0731-7085(96)02019-5
19. 19. W. Jin, Y. Wang. Determination of cysteine by capillary zone electrophoresis with end-column amperometric detection at a gold/mercury amalagm microelectrode without deoxygenation J. Chromatogr. A., 769 (1997), 307-314. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00015-0.
20. 20. Q. Zhao, S. J. Liu and W. Huang , Promising Optoelectronic Materials: Polymers Containing Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes Macromol. Rapid Commun., 31, (2010), 794. doi: 10.1002/marc.200900888
21. 21. Z. Q. Chen, Z. Q. Bian, C. H. Huang, Functional IrIII Complexes and Their Applications, Adv. Mater., 22 (2010), 1534, doi: 10.1002/adma.200903233
22. 22. W. Y. Wong, C. L. Ho, Heavy metal organometallic electrophosphors derived from multi-component chromophores Coord. Chem. Rev., 253, (2009), 1709-1758. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.01.013
23. 23. Y. You, S. Y. Park, Phosphorescent iridium(iii) complexes: toward high phosphorescence quantum efficiency through ligand control Dalton Trans., 2009, 1267-1282. doi: 10.1039/B812281D
24. 24. M.. Yu, X.; Q. Zhao,, L. Shi,, F. Li, Z. Zhou, H. Yang, T. Yi, C. Huang.. Cationic iridium (III) complexes for phosphorescence staining in the cytoplasm of living cells Chem. Commun. 2008, 2115-2117. doi: 10.1039/B800939B.
25. 25. Q. Zhao, M. Yu, L. Shi, S. Liu, C. Li, M. Shi, Z. Zhou, C. Huang, F. Li,. Cationic Iridium (III) Complexes with Tunable Emission Color as Phosphorescent Dyes for Live Cell Imaging. Organometallics. 29, (2010), 1085-1091. doi: 10.1021/om900691r.
26. 26. K. Y. Zhang, S. P. Y. Li, N. Zhu; I. W. S Or, M. S. H Cheung, Y. W. Lam, K. K. W. Lo, Structure, Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties, Biomolecular Interactions, and Intracellular Uptake of Luminescent Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Dipyridoquinoxaline Complexes Inorg. Chem. 49 (2010), 2530-2540. doi: 10.1021/ic902465b
27. 27. M. Zhang, M. Yu, F. Li, M. Zhu, M. Li, Y. Gao, L. Li, Z. Liu, J. Zhang, D. Zhang, T. Yi, C. Huang. A Highly Selective Fluorescence Turn-on Sensor for Cysteine/Homocysteine and Its Application in Bioimaging. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 129 (2007), 10322-10323. doi: 10.1021/ja073140i