Karyotype and Presence of B-Chromosomes in Red Fox from Central Anatolia

Abstract

Conventionally stained karyotype and Ag-NOR banded chromosomes of a male red fox Vulpes vulpes L., 1758 from Kırıkkale province in Turkey were determined. The chromosome set included 16 biarmed auto- somal pairs with two dot- like B chromosomes 2n= 34 + 2B, NF=67, NFa=64 . The X chromosome was a large metacentric and the Y was a small acrocentric, almost similar in size of the Bs. The Ag-NOR regions were found in the telomeric regions of the long arm of three medium-sized metacentric autosomes.

Keywords

• Vulpes vulpes,NOR distribution,supernumerary chromosomes,Turkey

Orta Anadolu’daki Kızıl Tilkinin Karyotipi ve B-Kromozomların Varlığı

Abstract

T ürkiye’deki Kırıkkale ilinden erkek bir kızıl tilki Vulpes vulpes L., 1758 ’nin standart boyanmış karyotipi ve Ag-NOR bantlı kromozomları tespit edilmiştir. Kromozom setinde iki nokta benzeri B kromozomu ile beraber 16 iki kollu otozomal çift yer almaktadır 2n= 34 + 2B, NF=67, NFa=64 . X kromozomu büyük metasentrik, Y kromozomu ise hemen hemen B kromozomların büyüklüğünde küçük akrosetriktir. Ag-NOR bölgeler orta büyüklükteki üç metasentrik otozom çiftinin uzun kollarının telomerik bölgelerinde tespit edilmiştir

Keywords

• Vulpes vulpes,NOR dağılımı,Ekstra kromozomlar,Türkiye

References

1. 1. D.E. Wilson., D.M. Reeder, Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2005.
2. 2. M. Bugno-Paniewierska, P. Solek, L. Potocki, K. Pawlina, M. Wnuk, G. Jezewska-Witkowska and E. Slota, Polymorphism of cytogenetic markers in wild and farm red fox (Vulpes vulpes) populations. Folia Biol-Krakow, 61 (2013) 155.
3. 3. L.Wipf, R.M. Shackelford, Chromosomes of a fox hybrid. PNAS, 35 (1949) 468.
4. 4. I. Gustavsson, C.O. Sundt, Chromosome complex of the family Canidae. Hereditas, 54 (1965) 249.
5. 5. C.C. Lin, D.H. Johnston, R.O. Ramsden, Polymorphism and quacrine fluorescence karyotypes of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Canadian J Genet Cytol., 14 (1972) 573.
6. 6. A.S. Graphodatsky, F. Yang, P.C.M. O’Brien, N. Sendukova, B.J. Milne, V. Trifonov, M.A. Ferguson-Smith, A comparative chromosome map of the Arctic fox, red fox and dog defined by chromosome painting and high resolution G-banding. Chromosome Res., 8 (2000) 253.
7. 7. M. Switonski, N. Rogalska-Niznik, I. Szazerbal, M. Baer, Chromosome polymorphism and karyotype evolution of four canids: the dog, red fox, arctic fox and racon dog. Caryologia, 56 (2003) 375.
8. 8. M. Breen, Canine cytogenetics from band to base pair. Cytogenet Genome Res., 120 (2008) 50.

9. 9. N. Turan, Türkiye’nin av ve yaban hayvanları, memeliler. Ongun Kardeşler Matbaacılık Sanayi, Ankara, 1984 [In Turkish].
10. 10. A. Demirsoy, Türkiye omurgalıları, Memeliler. Meteksan A.Ş. Ankara, 1999 [In Turkish].
11. 11. A.Soyumert, B. Gürkan, Relative habitat use by the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Köprülü Canyon National park, Southern Anatolia. Hystrix, 24 (2013) 1.
12. 12. D.W. MacDonald, L. Brown, S. Yerli, A.F. Canbolat, Behaviour of red foxes Vulpes vulpes catching eggs of Laggerhead Turtles, Caretta caretta. J Mammal., 75 (1994) 985.
13. 13. L. Brown, W. MacDonald, Predation on green turtle Chelonia mydas nests by wild canids at Akyatan beach, Turkey. Biol Conserv., 71 (1995) 55.
14. 14. Ş. Özkurt, M. Sözen, N. Yiğit, E. Çolak, Notes on distibutional records and some characteristics of five carnivore species (Mammalia: Carnivora) in Turkey. Turk J Zool., 22 (1998) 285.
15. 15. A. Soyumert, Vulpes vulpes (Kızıl tilki) ve Meles meles (Porsuk) türlerinin Köprülü Kanyon Milli Park’ındaki habitat tercihi üzerine çalışmalar. M.Sc. Thesis, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 2004 [In Turkish].
16. 16. N. Johnson, H. Ün, A. Vos, O. Aylan, E.R. Fooks, Wildlife rabies in western Turkey: The spread of rabies through the western provinces of Turkey. Epidemiol Infect., 134 (2006) 369.
17. 17. Ö.E. Can, Camera trapping in large mammals in Yenice Forest habitats: a feasibility of study for camera trapping large mammals in Yenice Forests, Turkey. PHD Thesis, METU, Ankara, 2008.
18. 18. A.M. De Marinis, M. Masseti, Mammalian fauna of Termossos National Park, Turkey. Zookeys, 31 (2009) 221.
19. 19. A. Vos, C. M. Freuling, S. Eskiizmirliler, H. Ün, D. Aylan, N. Johnson, S. Gürbüz, W. Müller, N. Akçakoca, T. Müller, A.R. Fooks, H. Askaroğlu, Rabies in foxes, Aegean region, Turkey. Emerg Infect Dis., 15 (2008) 1620.
20. 20. B. Akbaba, Çamlıdere - Çamkoru bölgesindeki (Ankara) kızıl tilkilerin (Vulpes vulpes L., 1758) habitat kullanım ve beslenme davranışlarının incelenmesi. M.Sc Thesis, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 2010 [In Turkish].
21. 21. Y. İlemin, Datça - Bozburun Yarımadası orta ve büyük memeli türlerinin vejetasyon tiplerine bağlı dağılımının belirlenmesi. M.Sc Thesis, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 2010 [In Turkish].
22. 22. A. Soyumert, T. Tavşanoğlu, O. Macar, B.Y. Kaynaş, B. Gürkan, Presence of large and medium-sized mammals in a burned pine forest in southwestern Turkey. Hystrix, 21 (2010) 97.
23. 23. O. İbiş, Ç. Tez, İ. Gündüz, S. Özcan, Genetic analysis of Turkish red foxes, Vulpes vulpes L. 1758 (Mammalia: Carnivora) with mitochondrial cytochrome – b gene sequence. 1st National Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Congress, 26 – 29 September 2010, Antalya [In Turkish, English summary].
24. 24. H. Ün, S. Eskiizmirliler, N. Ünal, C. M. Freuling, N. Johnson, A.R. Fooks, T. Müller, Oral vaccination of foxes against rabies in Turkey between 2008 and 2010. Berl Munch Tierarztl., 125 (2010) 203.
25. 25. C.E. Ford, J.L. Hamerton, A colchicine, hypotonic citrate, squash sequence for mammalian chromosomes. Stain Technol., 31 (1956) 247.
26. 26. W.M. Howell, D.A. Black, Controlled silverstaining for nucleolus organizer regions with a protective colloidal developer: A 1 - step method. Experientia, 36 (1980) 1014.
27. 27. A. Mäkinen, The standart karyotype of the silver fox (Vulpes fulvus Desm.) Committee for the standard karyotype of Vulpes fulvus Desm. Hereditas, 103 (1985) 171.
28. 28. A. Mäkinen, I. Gustavsson, M. Switonski, N. Tagaki, The standard karyotype of the blue fox (Alopex lagopus L.). Hereditas, 103 (1985a) 33.
29. 29. A. Mäkinen, M.T. Kuokkanen, G.K. Isakova, N. Tagaki, I. Gustavsson, The standard karyotype of silver fox (Vulpes fulvus Desm.). Hereditas, 103 (1985b) 171.
30. 30. M. Vujosevic, J. Blagojevic, B chromosomes in population of mammals. Cytogenet Genome Res, 106 (2004) 247.
31. 31. V.T. Volobuev, B-chromosome system of the mammals. Genetica, 52 (1980) 333.
32. 32. F. Yang, P.C.M. O’Brien, B.S. Milne, A.S. Graphodatsky, N. Solanky, V. Trifonov, W. Rens, D. Sargan, M.A. Ferguson-Smith, A complete comparative chromosome map for the dog, red fox, and human and its integration with canine genetic maps. Genomics, 62 (1999) 189.