Böbrek Hastalıkları için Bazı Biyobelirteçler

Abstract

S unulan bu Özet: Böbrekler vücudumuz için; özellikle hemostaz ve atardamar basıncının düzenlenmesi, kanın temizlenmesi, su dengesi ve glukoneogenez gibi görevlerden sorumlu olan hayati organlardan birisidir. Böbrek hastalıkları glomerüler filtrasyon oranına göre; akut böbrek hasarları ve kronik böbrek hastalıkları olarak 2 gruba ayrılmaktadır. Glomerüler filtrasyon oranının son evresi 5. evre zararlı olmasının yanında geri dönüşünü olmayan özellikte olup, böbrek nakli ve diyaliz önemli tedavi yöntemleridir. Günümüze biyobelirteçler hastaların teşhisinde, tedavisinde ve hastalığın seyrini takip etmede kullanılırlar. Bu derlemede kronik böbrek hastalıklarını ile akut böbrek hasarlarını teşhiş etmek için bazı biyobelirteçler araştırma makaleleri ile birlikte sunulmuştur

Keywords

• Böbrek hastalıkları,biyobelirteçler,BTP,KIM-1,I-18,NGAL,AD,NAG,Albüminüri,L-FABP,sistatin C

Some Biomarkers of Kidney Diseases

Abstract

Kidneys are one of the indispensible organs of our body especially for hemostasis and responsible for regu- lates arterial pressure, blood filter, water balance, gluconeogenesis etc. Renal diseases have been divided acute kidney injury and chronic kidney diseases according to glomerular filtration rate. At last stage of glome- rular filtration rate 5. stage is not only harmful but also irreversible stage, for overcoming this stage kidney transplant and dialysis are important medical cares. Nowadays biomarkers are useful indicator for diagnostic, therapy and monitoring of diseases control. In this review, some biomarkers were represented and supported by research articles for diagnostic chronic kidney disease with acute kidney injury.

Keywords

• Kidney diseases,biomarkers,BTP,KIM-1,I-18,NGAL,AD,NAG,Albuminuria,L-FABP,cystatin-C

References

1. 1. A. Stein, A. Wild, Kidney failure explained, Class Publishing, London, (2002) 1.
2. 2. Brenner: Brenner and Rector’s The Kidney, 8th Ed, Saunders, Elsevier, (2007) 25.
3. 3. Tietz, Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry, 6th, Saunders, Elsevier (2008) 632.
4. 4. C.A. Guyton, E.J. Hall, Tıbbi Fizyoloji, 10. Edisyon, Yüce Yayınları&Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri (2001) 281.
5. 5. C.D. Eaton, P.J Pooler, Vander’s Renal Physiology, 7th Edition, The McGraw-Hill Companies, (2009) 3.
6. 6. R. Croft, J. Moore, Renal failure and its treatment, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, 13 (2012) 336.
7. 7. S,A. Levery, J. Coresh, Chronic kidney disease, Lancet, 379 (2012) 165
8. 8. D.P. Evans, W.M. Taal, Epidemiology and causes of chronic kidney disease, Chronic Renal Failure, Medicine, 39 (2011) 402.

9. 9. C. Tomson, P. Bailey, Management of chronic kidney disease, Medicine 39 (2011) 407.
10. 10. S. Jayasundera, R. Macnab, Laboratory tests of renal function, Anasthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, 13 (2012) 328.
11. 11. E. Lamb, Assessment of kidney functions in adults, Laboratory Investigations, Medicine, 35 (2007).
12. 12. L.E. Schiffrin, L.M.Lipman, F.E.J. Mann, Chronic Kidney Disease Effects on the Cardiovascular System, Circulation, 116 (2007) 85.
13. 13. A.J. Vassalotti, A.L. Stevens, S.A Levey, Testing for Chronic Kidney Disease: A Position Statement From the National Kidney Foundation, American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 50 (2007) 169.
14. 14. A. Tin, C.B. Astor, E. Bperwinkle, J. Coresh, J. and H.W. Linda Kao,Genome-wide significant locus of beta-trace protein, a novel kidney function biomarker, identified in European and African Americans, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 28 (2013) 1497.
15. 15. C. Donadio, A. Lucchesi, M. Ardini, E. Donadio, R. Giordani, Serum levels of beta-trace protein and glomerular filtration rate-preliminary results, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 32 (2003) 1099.
16. 16. F. Priem, H. Althaus, M. Birnbaum, P. Sinha, S.H. Condradt, and K. Jung, b-Trace Protein in Serum: A New Marker of Glomerular Filtration Rate in the Creatinine-Blind Range, Clinical Chemistry, 45 (1999) 567.
17. 17. A. Hoffmann, M. Nimtz, and S.H. Conradt, Molecular characterization of P-trace protein in human serum and urine: a potential diagnostic marker for renal diseases, Glycoblology, 7 (1997) 499.
18. 18. F. Waanders, V.M.M. Timmeren, A.C. Stegeman, JL.S. Bakker, and V.H. Goor, Kidney injury molecule-1 in renal disease, J. Pathol, 220 (2010) 7.
19. 19. T. Ichimura, V.J. Bonventre, V. Bailly, H. Wei, A.C. Hession, L.R. Cate, and M. Sanicola, Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1), a Putative Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Containing a Novel Immunoglogulin Domain, Is Up-regulated in Renal Cells after Injury, The Journal of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Biology, 273 (1998) 4135.
20. 20. K.W. Han, V. Bailly, R. Abichandai, R. Thadhani, and V.J. Bonventre, Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1): A novel biomarker for human renal proximal tubule injury, Kidney International, 62 (2002) 237.
21. 21. J. Malyszko, E-Koc Zorawska, J.S. Malyszko, and M. Mysliwiec, Kidney Injury Molecule-1 Correlates With Kidney Function in Renal Allograft Recipients, Transplantation Proceeding, 42 (2010) 3957.
22. 22. L.C. Edelstein, Biomarkers in kidney disease, Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier, (2011) 181.
23. 23. A.J. Grace, E.S. Robertson, and B.L. Mclnnes, Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 73 (2003) 213.
24. 24. R.C. Parikh, A. Jani, Y.V. Melnikov, S. Faubel, Urinary Interleukin-18 Is a Marker of Human Acute Tubular Necrosis, American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 43 (2004) 405.
25. 25. R.C. Parikh, E. Abraham, M. Ancukiewicz, and L.C. Edelstein, Urine IL-18 Is an Early Diagnostic Marker for Acute Kidney Injury and Predicts Mortality in the Intensive Care Unit, J. Am Soc. Nephrol, 16 (2005) 3046.
26. 26. E. Ercan, Mikroalbüminüri: Kardiyovasküler Risk Faktörü, Trakya Univ. Tip Fak. Derg, 1 (2010) 42.
27. 27. E.L. Dickson, C.M. Wagner, M.R. Sandoval, M.R, and A.B. Molitoris, The Proximal Tubule and Albuminuria: Really!, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 25 (2014) 443.
28. 28. L.J. Gorris, A. Castelo-Martinez, Proteinuria: detection and role in native disease progression, Transplantation Reviews, 26 (2012) 3.
29. 29. Y.X. Zhai, R. Nielsen, H. Birn, K. Drumm, S. Mildenberger, R. Freundinger, S.K. Moestrup, P.J. Verroust, E.I. Christensen and M. Gelde, Cubilin and megalin mediated uptake of albumin in cultured proximal tubule cells of opossum kidney, Kidney International 58 (2000) 1523.
30. 30. W. Keane, and G. Eknoyan, G., SPECIAL REPORT Proteinuria, Albuminuria, Risk, Assessment, Detection, Elimination (PARADE): A Position Paper of the National Kidney Foundation, American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 33 (1999) 1004.
31. 31. M.T. Wu, K.K. Lam, W.C. Lee, K.T. Hsu, C.H. Wu, B.C Cheng, H.Y. Ng, P.J. Chi, Y.T. Lee and C.T. Lee, Albuminuria, Proteinuria, and Urinary Albumin to Protein Ratio in Chronic Kidney Disease, Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, 26 (2012) 82.
32. 32. B.R. Hemmelgarn, B.J. Manns, A. Lloyd, M.T. James, S. Klarenbach, R.R. Quinn, N. Wiebe, M. Tonelli, Relation Between Kidney Function, Proteinuria, and Adverse Outcomes, JAMA, 303 (2010) 423.
33. 33. S.M. Alharazy, et all., Neutrophil GelatinaseAssociated Lipocalin as an Early Marker of ContrastInduced Nephropathy After Coronary Angiography, 65 (2014) 216.
34. 34. A. Noto, F. Cibacchini, V. Fanos, and M. Mussap, M., NGAL and Metabolomics: The Single Biomarker to Reveal the Metabolome Alterations in Kidney Injury, BioMed Research International, Article ID 612032, (2013) 6 pages.
35. 35. J. Malyszko, J.S Malyszko, H. Bachorzewska-Gajewska, B. Poniatowski, S. Dobrzycki, and M. Mysliwiec, Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Is a New and Sensitive Marker of Kidney Function in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients and Renal Allograft Recipients, Transplantation Proceedings, 41 (2009) 158.
36. 36. P. Devarajan, Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL): A new marker of kidney disease, Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. Suppl., 241 (2008) 89–94.
37. 37. D. Bolignogo, A. Lacquaniti, G. Coppolino, V. Donato, S. Campo, M.R. Fazio, G. Nicocia and M. Buemi, Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease, Clin J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 4 (2009) 337.
38. 38. M. Mishra, C. Dent, R. Tarabishi, M.M. Mitsnefes, Q. Ma, C. Kelly, S.M. Ruff, K. Zahedi, M. Shao, J. Bean, K. Mori, J. Barasch, P. Devarajan, Neutrophil gelatinaseassociated lipocalin (NGAL) as a biomarker for acute renal injury after cardiac surgery, Lancet, 365 (2005): 1231.
39. 39. V. Raptis, S. Kapoulas, and D. Grekas, Role of asymmetrical dimethylarginine in the progression of renal disease, Nephrology 18 (2013) 11.
40. 40. P. Devarajan, The Use of Targeted Biomarkers for Chronic Kidney Disease, Adv Chronic Kidney Dis., 17 (2010) 469.
41. 41. T.J. Kielstein, D. Fliser, and H. Veldink, Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Symmetric Dimethylarginine: Axis of Evil or Useful Alliance?, Seminars in Dialysis 22 (2009) 346.
42. 42. M.K. Erbil, Y.G. Kurt, H. Yaman, E. Çakır, E.Ö. Akgül, T. Çaycı, Asimetrik dimetilarjininin metabolizması ve klinik önemi, Turkish Journal of Biochemistry–Turk. J. Biochem., 37 (2012) 99.
43. 43. D. Fliser, F. Kronenberg, J.T. Kislstein, C. Morath, S.M. Bade-Böger, H. Haller and E. Ritz, Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: The Mild to Moderate Kidney Disease Study, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 16 (2005): 2456.
44. 44. N. Wahbi, R.N. Dalton, C. Turner, C., Denton, I. Abbs, Swominathan, R., Dimethylarginines in chronic renal failure, Journal Clin. Pathol., 54 (2001) 470.
45. 45. R.J. Charlton, D. Portilla, and D.M. Okusa, A basic science view of acute kidney injury biomarkers, Nephrol. Dial. Transplant, 29 (2014) 1301.
46. 46. T. Noyan, R.M. Şekeroğlu, H. Dülger, N-Asetil- -DGlukozaminidaz ve Böbrek Hastalarında Kullanımı, Van Tıp Dergisi, 2 (2000) 80.
47. 47. O. Liangos, M.C. Peranayagam, V.S. Vaidya, W.K. Han, R. Wald, H. Tighiouart, R.W. MacKinnon, L. Li, V.S. Balakrishan, B.J.G. Pereria, J.V. Bonventre and B.L. Jaber, Urinary N-Acetyl- B -(D)- Glucosaminidase Activity and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 Level Are Associated with Adverse Outcomes in Acute Renal Failure, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 18 (2007) 904.
48. 48. E. Kwiatkowska, L. Domanski, J. Baber, K. Kloda, K. Safranow, J. Szymanska-Pasternak, M. Romanowski, A. Sulecka, A. Pawlik and K. Ciechanowski, N-acetylbeta-glucosaminidase urine activity as a marker of early proximal tubule damage and a predictor of the long-term function of the transplanted kidneys Acta Biochimica Polanica, 61 (2014) 275.
49. 49. M. Mussap, and M. Plebani, Biochemistry and Clinical Role Biochemistry and of Human Cystatin C, Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 41 (2004) 467.
50. 50. S.A. Lesley, C.H. Scchmid, T. Greene, L. Li, G.J. Beck, M.M. Joffe, M. Froissart, J.W. Kusek, Y.L. Zhang, J. Coresh and A.S. Levey, Factors other than glomerular filtration rate affect serum cystatin C levels, Kidney International, 75 (2009) 652.
51. 51. V.H. Aghai, P. Pasalar, I. Najafi, and M. Kadkhodaee, Serum cysctatin C as a new marker of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) MJIRI, 16 (2002) 29.
52. 52. Z.I. Ak, R.M. Wz, N.I. R, W.N. Wm, The useful of cystatin c as a marker for chronic disease kidney disease, Universial Journal of Clinical Medicine, 1 (2013) 28.
53. 53. M.A. Maurice, L. Pelsers, Fatty acid-binding protein as marker for renal injury, The Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation, 68 (2008) 73.
54. 54. A. Kamijo, K. Kimura, T. Sugaya, M. Yamanouchi, A. Hikawa, N. Hirano, Y. Hirata, A. Goto and M. Omata, Urinary fatty acid–binding protein as a new clinical marker of the progression of chronic renal disease, J. Lab. Clin. Med., 143 (2004) 23.
55. 55. A. Kamijo, T. Sugaya, A. Hikawa, M. Okada, F. Okumura, M. Yamanouchi, A. Honda, M. Okabe, T. Fujino, Y. Hirata, M. Omata, R. Kaneko, H. Fujii, A. Fukamizu and K. Kimura, Urinary Excretion of Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Reflects Stress Overload on the Proximal Tubules, Am. J, Pathol., 165 (2004) 1243.