Castanea sativa; A Source of Turkish Propolis: Plant Anatomy, Palynology and Chemistry ​

Abstract

In this study, we aimed to search the anatomical and palynological characteristics of Castanea sativa which is a botanical source for Turkish propolis. Within this context, we investigated the transverse section of leaf and stem of Castanea sativa. We observed palisade and spongy parenchyma, upper and lower epidermis, schle- renchyma and vascular bundles in the transverse section of the leaf by microscopic examination. We observed periderm, schlerencymatic tissue, secondary xylem, secondary phloem, vascular cambium and a parenchyma- tic pith in the tranverse section of the stem. By palynological analysis pollen grains are found radially symmet- ric, isopolar and tricolporate. Besides the microscopic analysis, the chemical content of Castanea sativa propo- lis was analysed by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry GC-MS . Alcohols, aldehydes, aliphatic acids and their esters, carboxylic acids and their esters, cinnamic acids and their esters, flavonoids, hydrocarbons, and ketones were determined by chemical analysis of propolis ethanol extract. “Benzoic acid“was found in hig- hest ratio 7.88% in the extract. The anatomical, palynological and chemical results of this study will be guide for further researchs about beekeeping and bee products in Turkey.

Keywords

• Castanea sativa,anatomical,palynological,GC-MS

Castanea Sativa; Türkiye Propolisi İçin Bir Kaynak: Bitki Anatomisi, Palinolojisi ve Kimyası

Abstract

B u çalışma ile Türkiye propolisi için bitkisel bir köken olan Castanea sativa‘nın anatomik ve palinolojik karakterlerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, Castanea sativa bitkisinin yaprak ve gövde enine kesitleri incelenmiştir. Mikroskobik inceleme ile yaprak enine kesitinde palizat ve sünger parenkiması, üst ve alt epidermis, sklerenkima ve iletim demetleri gözlenmiştir. Gövde enine kesitinde ise periderm, sklerenkimatik doku, sekonder ksilem, sekonder floem, vaskular kambiyum ve parenkimatik öz gözlenmiştir. Palinolojik analiz ile polenin radyal simetrik, izopolar ve trikolporat olduğu belirtilmiştir. Mikroskobik analizlerin yanında, Castanea sativa propolisinin kimyasal içeriği gaz kromatografisi ve kütle spektrometresi GC-MS cihazı ile analiz edilmiştir. Propolisin etanol özütünün kimyasal analizi ile alkoller, aldehidler, alifatik asit ve esterleri, karboksilik asit ve esterleri, sinamik asit ve esterleri, flavonoidler, hidrokarbonlar ve ketonlar grubuna ait bileşikler tespit edilmiştir. “Benzoik asit” bileşiği %7.88‘lik oranla özütte en yüksek miktarda bulunan bileşiktir. Bu çalışmanın anatomik, palinolojik ve kimyasal analiz sonuçları Türkiye arıcılığı ve arı ürünleri ile ilgili ileriki çalışmalara ışık tutacaktır

Keywords

• Castanea sativa,anatomik,palinolojik,GC-MS

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