Comparison of Leaf Traits SLA And LMA on Different Populations of Alcea apterocarpa

Abstract

In this study, we compared specific leaf area SLA and specific leaf mass LMA of Alcea apterocarpa Fenzl Boiss populations in different localities. SLA and LMA are important leaf parameters because they are re- lated to leaf nutrients, leaf economy and gas exchanges with atmosphere. So many species adjust leaf para- meters i.e. SLA and LMA across to environmental gradients. A. apterocarpa is a ruderal plant and has wide distribution area. Additionally it has got ethno botanic features for example use for medicine plant. We selec- ted six individuals form three different localities for this study. Each locality has different density of the human populations. We collected green and senescence leaves from localities and calculated SLA and LMA values of these leaves. The results showed that there are very important differences between senescence and green leaf and between localities. Especially, SLA values of A. apterocarpa population in city center are found to be higher and LMA values are found to be lower than other populations.

Keywords

• Alcea apterocarpa,Population,Specific leaf area,Specific leaf mass

Alcea apterocarpa Fenzl Boiss Farklı Populasyonlarında Yaprak Karakterlerinin SLA ve LMA Karşılaştırılması

Abstract

B u çalışmada, farklı lokalitelerdeki Alcea apterocarpa Fenzl Boiss popülasyonlarının yaprak alanı ve spesifik yaprak ağırlığı değerlerini karşılaştırdık. SLA ve LMA önemli yaprak karakterleridir. Çünkü SLA ve LMA yaprak besinleri, yaprak ekonomisi ve atmosferle gaz alışverişlerinde ilişkilidir. Bu nedenle bir çok tür yaprak karakterlerini çevresel gradientlere karşı uyarlamaktadır. A. apterocarpa ruderal bir türdür ve geniş yayılış alanlarına sahiptir. Ayrıca etnobotanik özelliğe sahip olan örnek tedavi edici bitki özelliğine sahiptir. Çalışma için üç farklı lokalitede 6 birey seçtik. Her bir lokalite farklı nüfus yoğunluğuna sahip bölgelerden seçilmiştir. Lokalitelerden olgun ve senesens yapraklar toplanmış ve yaprakların SLA ve LMA değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçlar, senesens ile olgun yapraklar ve lokaliteler arasında önemli farklılıkların olduğunu göstermiştir. Özellikle, şehir merkezindeki A. apterocarpa populasyonunda SLA değeri diğer lokalitelere göre en yüksek iken, LMA değeri en düşük bulunmuştur

Keywords

• Alcea apterocarpa,Popülasyon,Özgül yaprak alanı,Özgül yaprak kütlesi

References

1. 1. G. Wang, Leaf trait co-variation, respond and effect in a chronosequence. J. Veg. Sci., 18 (2007) 563.
2. 2. P.B. Reich, M.B. Walters, D.S. Ellsworth, Leaf life-span in relation to leaf, plant and stand characteristics among diverse ecosystems. Ecol. Monogr., 62 (1992) 365.
3. 3. J.H.C. Cornelissen, S. Lavorel, E. Garnier, S. Diaz, N. Buchmann, D.E. Gurvich, P.B. Reich, H. ter Steege, H.D. Morgan, M.G.A. van der Heijden, J.G. Pausas, H. Poorter, A handbook of protocols for standardized and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide. Aust. J. Bot., 51 (2003) 335.
4. 4. I.J. Wright, P.B. Reich, M. Westoby, D.D. Ackerly, Z. Baruch, F. Bongers, J. Cavender-Bares, T. Chapin, J.H.C. Cornelissen, M. Diemer, J. Flexas, E. Garnier, P.K. Groom, J. Gulias, K. Hikosaka, B.B. Lamont, T. Lee, W. Lee, C. Lusk, J.J. Midgley, M.L. Navas, U. Niinemets, J. Oleksyn, N. Osada, H. Poorter, P. Poot, L. Prior, V.I. Pyankov, C. Roumet, S.C. Thomas, M.G. Tjoelker, E.J. Veneklaas, R. Villar, The worldwide leaf economics spectrum. Nature, 428 (2004) 821.
5. 5. I.J. Wright, P.B. Reich, J.H.C. Cornelissen, D.S. Falster, E. Garnier, K. Hikosaka, B.B. Lamont, W. Lee, J. Oleksyn, N. Osada, H. Poorter, R. Villar, D.I. Warton, M. Westoby, Assessing the generality of global leaf trait relationships. New Phytol., 166 (2005) 485.
6. 6. S. Lavorel, S. Díaz, J.H.C. Cornelissen, E. Garnier, S.P. Harrison, S. McIntyre, J.G. Pausas, N. PérezHarguindeguy, C. Roumet, C. Urcelay, Plant functional types; are we getting any closer to the Holy Grail? In: J. Canadell, L.F. Pitelka, D. Pataki, (eds) Terresterial ecosystems in an changing world. Springer - Verlag, Heidelbeg, DE. 2006.
7. 7. E. Garnier, J. Cortez, G. Billes, M.L. Navas, C. Roumet, M. Debussche, G. Laurent, A. Blanchard, D. Aubry, A. Bellmann, C. Neill, J.P. Toussaint, Plant functional markers capture ecosystem properties during secondary succession. Ecology, 85 (2004) 2620.
8. 8. J.P. Grime, Benefits of plat diversity to ecosystem: immediate, filter and founder effects. J. Ecol., 85 (1998) 902.

9. 9. P.B. Reich, I.J. Wright, J. Cavender‐Bares, J.M. Craine, J. Oleksyn, M. Westoby, M.B. Walters, The evolution of plant functional variation: traits, spectra, and strategies. IJPS, 164 (2003) 143.
10. 10. P.A. Keddy, Competition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2001.
11. 11. M. Westoby, I.J. Wright, Land-plant ecology on the basis of functional traits. Trends Ecol. Evol., 21 (2006) 261.
12. 12. A. Jullien, J.M. Allirand, A. Mathieu, B. Andrieu, B. Ney, Variations in leaf mass per area according to N nutrition, plant age, and leaf position reflect ontogenetic plasticity in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Field Crop Res., 114 (2009) 188.
13. 13. N.J.B. Kraft, R. Valencia, D.D. Ackerly, Functional traits and niche-based tree community assembly in an amazonian forest. Science, 322 (2008) 580.
14. 14. R. Milla; P.B. Reich, Environmental and developmental controls on specific leaf area are little modified by leaf allometry. Func. Ecol., 22 (2008) 565.
15. 15. A. Sellin, Morphological and stomatal responses of Norway spruce foliage to irradiance within a canopy depending on shoot age. Environ. Exp. Bot., 45 (2001) 115.
16. 16. F. Valladares, E. Giandi, A. Saldana, Climbing plants in a temperate rainforest understory: searching for highlight or coping with deep shade. Ann. Bot., 108 (2011) 231.
17. 17. B. Shipley, M.J. Lechowicz, The functional coordination of leaf morphology, nitrogen concentration, and gas exchange in 40 wetland species. Ecoscience, 7 (2000) 183.
18. 18. L. Markesteijn, L. Poorter, F. Bongers, Lightdependent leaf trait variation in 43 tropical dry forest tree species. Amer. J. Bot., 94 (2007) 515.
19. 19. T.J. Givnish, Comparative studies of leaf form: assessing the relative roles of selective pressures and phylogenetic constraints. New phytol. 106 (1987) 131.
20. 20. S.A. Cunningham, B. Summerhayes, M. Westoby, Evolutionary divergences in leaf structure and chemistry, comparing rainfall and soil nutrient gradients. Ecol. Monogr., 69 (1999) 569.
21. 21. J.R. Evans, H. Poorter, Photosynthetic acclimation of plants to growth irradiance: the relative importance of specific leaf area and nitrogen partitioning in maximizing carbon gain. Plant Cell Environ., 25 (2001) 754.
22. 22. A. Sellin, Morphological and stomatal responses of Norway spruce foliage to irradiance within a canopy depending on shoot age. Environ. Exp. Bot., 45 (2001) 115.
23. 23. B.B. Casper, I.N. Forseth, H. Kempenich, S. Seltzer, K. Xavier, Drought prolongs leaf life span in the herbaceous desert perennial Cryptantha flava. Funct. Ecol., 15 (2001) 740.
24. 24. N. Marron, E. Dreyer, E. Boudouresque, D. Delay, J.M. Petit, F.M. Delmotte, F. Brignolas, Impact of successive drought and re-watering cycles on growth and specific leaf area of two Populus canadensis (Moench) clones,“Dorskamp”and “Luisa_Avanzo”. Tree physiol., 23 (2003) 1225.
25. 25. R.G. Laureano, Y.O. Lazo, J.C. Linares, A. Luque, F. Martínez, J.I. Seco, J. Merino, The cost of stress resistance: construction and maintenance costs of leaves and roots in two populations of Quercus ilex. Tree physiol., 28 (2008) 1721.
26. 26. B.B. Casper, I.N. Forseth, H. Kempenich, S. Seltzer, K. Xavier.. Drought prolongs leaf life span in the herbaceous desert perennial Cryptantha flava. Func. Ecol., 15 (2001 740.
27. 27. N. Marron, E. Dreyer, E. Boudouresque, D. Delay, J.M. Petit, F.M. Delmotte, F. Brignolas, Impact of successive drought and re-watering cycles on growth and specific leaf area of two Populus canadensis (Moench) clones,“Dorskamp”and “Luisa_Avanzo”. Tree physiol., 23 (2003)1225.
28. 28. H. Poorter, A. Van der Werf, Is inherent variation in RGR determined by LAR at low irradiance and by NAR at high irradiance? A review of herbaceous species. Inherent variation in plant growth. Physiological mechanisms and ecological consequences. Leiden, the Netherlands: Backhuys Publishers, 1998.
29. 29. A. Van der Werf, R.M. Geerts, F.H. Jacobs, The importance of relative growth rate and associated traits for competition between species during vegetation succession. Inherent Variation in Plant Growth. Physiological Mechanisms and Ecological Consequences. Leiden, Netherlands, Backhuys Publishers, 1998.
30. 30. P. Wilson, K. Thompson, J. Hodgson, Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content as alternative predictors of plant strategies. New Phytol., 143 (1999) 155.
31. 31. J. Liu, D. Zeng, D.K. Lee, Z. Fan, L. Zhong, Leaf traits and their interrelationship of 23 plant species in southeast of Keerqin Sandy Lands, China. Frontiers of Biology in China, 3 (2008) 332