Molecular Characterization of Some Soil Originated Trichoderma Species

Abstract

The aim of this study was the molecular characterization of the some Trichoderma species which were pre- viously isolated by cultural sampling methods from agricultural soils. A 20 of of 39 strains of Trichoderma which were identified to species level by morphological data.were molecular characterized. Their characterization were based on the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 ITS 1 and ITS2 of ribosomal RNA rRNA and a fragment of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha tef1 gene sequences. Based on the sequence data and cultural examinations, strains were grouped into four which are included in : afroharzianum, atroviride, gamsii and harzianum. Among them,T. gamsii was the most encountered species. The species T. afroharzianum was reported as the first time for Turkey.

Keywords

• Trichoderma,molecular characterization,soil

Toprak Kökenli Bazı Trichoderma Türlerinin Moleküler Karakterizasyonu

Abstract

B u çalışmada zirai topraklardan kültürel örnekleme yöntemleri ile izole edilmiş bazı Trichoderma türlerinin moleküler karakterizasyonu amaçlanmıştır. Morfolojik olarak tanımlanmış 39 Trichoderma strainin 20 si moleküler olarak karakterize edilmiştir. Karakterizasyon çalışmaları ribozomal RNA rRNA ’nın internal transkript edilen bölgeleri 1 ve 2 ITS 1 ve 2 ve translasyon elongasyon faktör 1-alfa tef 1 geni dizilimlerine göre yapılmıştır. Dizilim verisi ve kültürel değerlendirmelere göre strainler dört grup olarak değerlendirilmiştir: afroharzianum, atroviride, gamsii ve harzianum. Bunlar arasında T. gamsii en çok karşılaşılan türdür. T. afroharzianum türü Türkiye için ilk kez bildirilmektedir

Keywords

• Trichoderma,moleküler karakterizasyon,toprak

References

1. 1. L. Atanosova, S. Le Crom, F.Coulpier, V.SeidlSeiboth, C.P. Kubicek, I.S.Druzhinina, Comparative transcriptomics reveals different strategies of Trichoderma mycoparasitism, BMS Genomics, 22 (2013) 121-134.
2. 2. L. Hojos-Carvajal, J. Bissett, Biodiversity of Trichoderma in Neotropics, The Dynamical Processes of Biodiversity-case studies of evolution and spatial distribution, (2011), Oscar Grillo (Ed.). ISBN:9780953- 307-772-7.
3. 3. A. Schuster, M. Schmoll, Biology and biotechnology of Trichoderma, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol., 87 (2010) 787-799.
4. 4. I.S. Druzhinina, V. Seidl-Seiboth, A. Herrera-Estrella, B.A. Horwitz, C.M. Kenerley, E. Monte, P.K. Mukherjee, S. Zeilinger, I.V. Grigoriev, C.P. Kubicek, Trichoderma: the genomics of opportunistic success, Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 16 (2011) 749-759.
5. 5. I.S. Druzhinina, C.P. Kubicek, M. Komon-Zelalowska, T. Belayneh Mulaw, J. Bissett, The Trichoderma harzianum demon: complex speciation history resulting in coexistence of hypothetical biological species, recent agamospecies and numerous relict lineages, BMC Evolutionary Biol., 10 (2010) 2-14.
6. 6. C.P. Kubicek, M. Komon-Zelazowska, I.S. Druzhinina, Fungal genus Hypocrea/Trichoderma: from barcodes to biodiversity, J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B., 9 (2008) 753- 763.
7. 7. L. Kredics, S. Naeimi, L. Manczinger, I.S. Druzhinina, Biodiversity of the genus Hypocrea/Trichoderma in different habitats In: Biotechnology and Biology of Trichoderma, Ed. By: Gupta et al., ed, (2014) Elsevier, B.V.
8. 8. G.J. Samuels, S. Dodd, B.S. Lu, The Trichoderma koningii aggregate species, Stud. Mycol., 56 (2006) 67-133.

9. 9. I.S.Druzhinina, A.G. Kopchinsky, C.P. Kubicek, The first 100 Trichoderma species characterized by molecular data, Mycoscience, 47 (2006) 55-64.
10. 10. P. Chaverri, F. Branco-Rocha, W. Jaklitsch, R. Gazis, T. Degenkolb, G.J. Samuels, Systematics of the Trichoderma harzianum species complex and the reidentification of commercial biocontrol strains, 107 (2015) 140-147.
11. 11. L. Hojos-Carvajal, S. Orduz, J. Bissett, Genetic and metabolic biodiversity of Trichoderma from Colombia and adjacent neotropic regions, Fungal Genet. Biol., 46 (2009) 615-631.
12. 12. F. Mirkhani, H. Alseei, Species diversity of indigenous Trichoderma from alakaline pistachio soils in Iran, Mycologia Iranica, 2 (2015) 22-37.
13. 13. M.H. Aydın, G. Turhan, The presence of Trichoderma and Gliocladium species in various features of soil in Turkey, Conference paper, Symposium on EurAsian Biodiversity, (2016) Antalya, Turkey.
14. 14. B.N. Chakraborty, U. Chakraborty, A. Saha, P.L. Dey, K. Sunar, Molecular characterization of Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma harzianum isolated from soils of North Bengal based on rDNA markers and analysis of their PCR-RAPD profiles, Global Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry. 5 (2010) 55-61.
15. 15. N.D. Kutluk Yılmaz, B. Tunalı, Evaluation of Trichoderma spp. from central and northern regions of Turkey for supression of Polymyxa betae as a vector of rhizomaina disease, Arch. O Phyopathol. Plant Prot., 43 (2010), 1534-1542.
16. 16. Ç. Küçük, M. Kıvanç, Isolation of Trichoderma spp. and determination of their antifungal, biochemical and phsiological features, Turk J. Biol., 27 (2003) 247-253.
17. 17. Q. Migheli, V. Balmas, M. Komoz-Zelalowska, B. Schem, R. Caria, A. Kopchinsky, C.P. Kubicek, I.S. Druzhinina, Soils of a Mediterrranean hotspot of bioviersity and endemism (Sardinia, Tyrrhenian Islands) are inhabited by pan-European and likely invasive species of Hypocrea/Trichoderma, Environ. Microbiol., 11 (2009) 35-46.
18. 18. W.M. Jacklitch, H. Voglmayr, Biodiversity of Trichoderma in Southern Europe and Macaronesia (Hypocreaceae), Stud. Mycol., 126 (2015) 143-156.