Effect Of α- Tocopherol and Ascorbic Acid on the Genotoxicity by Gamma-Irradiation in Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract

Toksik olmayan ve etkili doğal antioksidanların radyoprotektif etkilerinin belirlenmesi önemli bir konudur. E Vitamini, radyasyon ile oluşan serbest radikalleri etkili bir şekilde temizlemesiyle bilinmektedir. Bununla birlikte, C vitamini konsantrasyona bağlı olarak prooksidan veya antioksidan görevi görebilir. Bu çalışmada, Drosophila melanogaster’de gama ışınlamasına karşı E ve C vitamini uygulamasının (ayrı ayrı ve birlikte) antimutajenik etkilerini araştırdık. Bu amaçla, SLRL ve Translokasyon genetik toksikoloji testlerini kullandık. Her iki test sisteminde, sadece erkek bireylere radyasyon ve vitamin uygulamaları yapıldı. Bu erkekler, daha önce vitamin ve radyasyon almamış dişilerle çaprazlandı ve radyasyon yoluyla üretilen letal kromozomları taşıyan bireyleri belirlemek için bu erkeklerin yavruları tarandı. Ardından, vitamin uygulamasının, radyasyonla oluşmuş letal kromozom taşıyan birey sayısını azaltıp azaltmadığını araştırdık. Sonuçlar, E vitamininin letal frekansını yalnızca tek başına ve ışınlamadan önce uygulandığında önemli ölçüde azalttığını göstermiştir. C vitamini hiçbir şekilde önleyici etki göstermemiştir. C ve E vitaminlerinin birlikte verilmesinin, kontrole kıyasla letaliteyi azaltmadığı tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

• Drosophila
• genotoxicity
• radioprotection
• vitamin E
• vitamin C

References

1. 1. G.C. Jagetia, T. K. Reddy, Modulation of radiation- induced alteration in the antioxidant status of mice by naringin, Life Sci., 77 (2005) 780-794.
2. 2. P.R. Archana, B.N. Rao, B.S. Satish Rao, Modulation of gamma ray–induced genotoxic effect by thymol, a monoterpene phenol derivative of cymene, Integr. Cancer Ther., 10 (2011) 374-383.
3. 3. J.A. Reisz, N. Bansal, J. Qian, W. Zhao, C. M. Furdui, Effects of ıonizing radiation on biological molecules—mechanisms of damage and emerging methods of detection, Antioxid. Redox. Sign., 21 (2014) 260-292.
4. 4. N.R. Prasad, P.M. Venugopal, V. Vasudev, P.V. Pugalendi, Radioprotective effect of sesamol on γ-radiation induced DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and antioxidants levels in cultured human lymphocytes, Toxicology, 209 (2005) 225-235.
5. 5. K.N. Prasad, Handbook of radiobiology, 2nd ed. U.S.A: CRC Press 1995.
6. 6. L.D. Hartl, A.G. Clark, Principles of Population Genetics, 4th ed. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers 2007.
7. 7. S.M. El-Nahas, F.E. Matter, A.A. Mohamed, Radioprotective effect of vitamins C and E, Mutat. Res., 301(1993) 143-147.
8. 8. W. Stahl, H. Sies, Antioxidant defence: vitamins C and E and carotenoids, Diabetes, 46 (1997) 14-18.

9. 9. X. Lin, M. Sugiyama, M. Costa, Differences in the effect of vitamin E on nickel sulfide or nickel choloride- induced chromosomal aberrations in mammalian cells, Mutat. Res., 260 (1991) 159-164.
10. 10. C.K. Nair, P.U. Devi, R. Shimanskaya, N. Kunugita, H. Murase et al.,Water soluble vitamin E (TMG) as a radioprotector, Indian J. Exp. Biol., 41(2003) 1365-71.
11. 11. S. Bahadorani, P. Bahadorani, J.P. Phillips, A.J. Hilliker, The effects of vitamin supplementation on Drosophila life span under normoxia and under oxidative stress, J. Gerontol. A-Biol., 63 (2008) 35-42.
12. 12. V. Karekar, S. Joshi, S. L. Shinde, Antimutagenic profile of three antioxidants in the Ames assay and the Drosophila wing spot test, Mutat Res., 468 (2000) 183-94.
13. 13. P. Okunieff , S.Swarts, P. Keng , W. Sun , W .Wang , et al., Antioxidants reduce consequences of radiation exposure, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 614 (2008) 165-78.
14. 14. V.K. Singh, L.A. Beatttie, T.M. Seed, Vitamin E: tocopherols and tocotrienols as potential radiation countermeasures, J. Radiat. Res., 54 (2013) 973-88.
15. 15. M. Kanter, M. Akpolat, Vitamin C protects against ionizing radiation damage to goblet cells of the ileum in rats, Acta Histochem., 110 (2008) 481-90.
16. 16. A.Chakraborthy, P. Ramani, H.J. Sherlin, P. Premkumar, A.Natesan, Antioxidant and pro-oxidant activity of Vitamin C in oral environment, Indian J. Dent. Res., 25 (2014) 499-504.
17. 17. P. Lambelet, F. Saucy, J. Loliger, Chemical evidence for interactions between vitamin E and C, Experientia, 41 (1985) 1384-8.
18. 18. K. Sahin, O. Kucuk, N. Sahin, M. Sari, Effects of Vitamin C and Vitamin E on Lipid Peroxidation Status, Serum Hormone, Metabolite, and Mineral Concentrations of Japanese Quails Reared under Heat Stress (34º C), Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res., 72 (2002) 91-100.
19. 19. M.T. Giardi, E. Touloupakis, D. Bertolotto, G. Mascetti, Preventive or potential therapeutic value of nutraceuticals against ionizing radiation- induced oxidative stress in exposed subjects and frequent fliers, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 14 (2013) 17168-92.
20. 20. K.J. Lee, K. Dabrowski, Interaction between vitamins C and E affects their tissue concentrations, growth, lipid oxidation, and deficiency symptoms in yellow perch (Perca flavescens), Brit. J. Nutr., 89 (2003) 589-96.
21. 21. M.D. Rand, Drosophotoxicology: the growing potential for Drosophila in neurotoxicology, Neurotoxicol. Teratol., 32 (2010) 74.
22. 22. E. Demir, F. Turna, B. Kaya, A. Creus, R. Marcos, Mutagenic/recombinogenic effects of four lipid peroxidation products in Drosophila, Food Chem. Toxicol., 53 (2013) 221-7.
23. 23. K. Panchal, A.K. Tiwari, Drosophila melanogaster “a potential model organism” for identification of pharmacological properties of plants/plant-derived components, Biomed. Pharmacother., 89 (2017) 1331–1345.
24. 24. D.L. Lindsley, G.G. Zimm, The genome of Drosophila melanogaster, 1st ed. San Diego, USA: Academic Press 1992.
25. 25. S. Gamo, E.N. Tanaka, T. Megumi, I. Ueda Anesthetic-resistant spontaneous mutant of Drosophila melanogaster: Intensified response to 60Cobalt radiation damage, Life Sci., 36 (1984). 789-94.
26. 26. H.E. Enosco, C. Verdone-Smith, α-tocopherol increases life span in the Rotifer; Philodina, Exp. Gerontol., 15(1980). 335-8.
27. 27. F.E. Würgler, F.H. Sobels, E. Vogel, Drosophila as an assay system for detecting genetic changes. In: Kilbey BJ, Legator M, Nichols W, Ramel C (editors). Handbook of mutagenicity test procedures. 2nd ed. Elsevier Science Publishers BV 1984.
28. 28. L.M. Vidal, E. Pimentel, M.P. Cruces, J.C. Sánchez-Meza, Evaluating the effect of low dose rate of gamma rays in germ cells of Drosophila melanogaster, Int. J. Radiat. Biol., 96 (2020) 1068-1075.
29. 29. B.M. Barnett, E.R. Munoz, Effect of glyoxal pretreatment on radiation- induced genetic damage in Drosophila melanogaster, Mutat. Res., 212 (1989) 173-179 .
30. 30. S.L. Brown, A. Kolozsvary, J. Liu, K.A. Jenrow, S. Ryu, J.H. Kim, Antioxidant diet supplementation starting 24 hours after exposure reduces radiation lethality, Radiat. Res., 173 (2010) 462-468.
31. 31. C. Hauville, S. Rémita, P. Thérond, D. Jore, M. Gardès-Albert, Radiation induced peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids: recent results on formation of hydroperoxides, Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 79 (2001) 176-179.
32. 32. W.M. Przybyszewski, M. Widel, O. Palyvoda, Lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and cellular morphology of R1 Rhabdomyosarcoma cell line irradiated in vitro by gamma- rays with different dose rates, Teratogen. Carcin. Mut., 22 (2002) 93-102.
33. 33. L. Packer, Protective role of vitamin E in biological systems, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 53 (1991) 1050- 55.
34. 34. E. Niki, Role of vitamin E as a lipid-soluble peroxyl radical scavenger: in vitro and in vivo evidence, Free Radical Bio. Med., 66 (2014) 3–12.