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Camera-trap records of breeding Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) at the Mount Ilgaz Wildlife Reserve

Year 2020, Volume: 48 Issue: 2, 191 - 196, 19.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.660698

Abstract

Breeding seasons are one of the most important periods for the life cycle of large mammals. The young individuals of large carnivore mammals are normally dependent on the female for food and protection. Therefore, availability of the sources and human disturbance at the breeding site are critical for a successful breeding season. The breeding site is of vital importance to the survival of the newborns and thus to the trends in the population size. The present study assesses the breeding sites for the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) based on camera-trapping surveys at Mount Ilgaz Wildlife Reserve in the province of Kastamonu. The surveys were conducted continuously over a four year period (2014-2018) and the results indicate that the Eurasian lynx breeding sites have also been used by the juvenile individuals of two other top predator large mammals, brown bear (Ursus arctos) and grey wolf (Canis lupus) and the juveniles of their prey species, red deer (Cervus elaphus) and brown hare (Lepus europaeus). Consequently, an effective conservation plan managing the breeding sites as core areas, will significantly contribute to the protection of the Eurasian lynx and other wildlife populations in the Western Black Sea Region of Anatolia.

Supporting Institution

X. Regional Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Turkey

Thanks

I thank Alper Ertürk for his help during the research.

References

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  • 2. K.R. Crooks, C.L. Burdett, D.M. Theobald, S.R. King, M. Di Marco, C. Rondinini, L. Boitani, Quantification of habitat fragmentation reveals extinction risk in terrestrial mammals, PNAS, 114 (2017) 7635‐7640.
  • 3. G. Ceballos, P.R. Ehrlich, A.D. Barnosky, A. García, R.M. Pringle, T.M. Palmer, Accelerated modern human–induced species losses: Entering the sixth mass extinction, Sci. Adv., 1 (2015) e1400253.
  • 4. H.E. Watts, K.E. Holekamp, Ecological determinants of survival and reproduction in the spotted hyena, J. Mammal., 90 (2009) 461‐471.
  • 5. A. Poor, Carnivora, Animal Diversity Web, (2019) Accessed November 12 2019.
  • 6. G.R. Rauset, M. Low, J. Persson, Reproductive patterns result from age‐related sensitivity to resources and reproductive costs in a mammalian carnivore, Ecology, 96 (2015) 3153‐3164.
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  • 8. K. Jewgenow, J. Painer, O. Amelkina, M. Dehnhard, F. Goeritz, Lynx reproduction–Long-lasting life cycle of corpora lutea in a feline species, Reprod. Biol., 14 (2014) 83‐88.
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  • 12. N. Bunnefeld, J.D. Linnell, J. Odden, M.A.J. Van Duijn, R. Andersen, Risk taking by Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in a human‐dominated landscape: effects of sex and reproductive status, J. Zool., 270 (2006) 31‐39.
  • 13. M. von Arx, C. Breitenmoser-Wursten, F. Zimmermann, U. Breitenmoser, Status and conservation of the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Europe in 2001. KORA Bericht, vol 19, 2004.
  • 14. U. Breitenmoser, C. Breitenmoser-Würsten, T. Lanz, M. von Arx, A. Antonevich, W. Bao, B. Avgan, Lynx lynx (errata version published in 2017), The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2015) e.T12519A121707666. Downloaded on 12 November 2019.
  • 15. B. Akbaba, Z. Ayaş, Camera trap study on inventory and daily activity patterns of large mammals in a mixed forest in north-western Turkey, Mammalia, 76 (2012) 43‐48.
  • 16. I. Albayrak, New record of Lynx lynx (L., 1758) in Turkey (Mammalia: Carnivora), Turk. J. Zool., 36 (2012) 814‐819.
  • 17. B. Avgan, F. Zimmermann, M. Güntert, F. Arıkan, U. Breitenmoser, The first density estimation of an isolated Eurasian lynx population in southwest Asia, Wildl. Biol., 20 (2014) 217‐222.
  • 18. M. Chynoweth, E. Coban, Ç. Şekercioğlu Conservation of a new breeding population of Caucasian lynx (Lynx lynx dinniki) in eastern Turkey, Turk. J. Zool. 39 (2015) 541‐543.
  • 19. A. Soyumert, A. Ertürk, Ç. Tavşanoğlu, The importance of lagomorphs for the Eurasian lynx in Western Asia: results from a large scale camera-trapping survey in Turkey, Mammal. Biol. 95 (2019) 18‐25.
  • 20. M.C. Peel, B.L. Finlayson, T.A. Mcmahon, Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sc. Discussions 4 (2007) 439‐473.
  • 21. J.C. Morrison, W. Sechrest, E. Dinerstein, D.S. Wilcove, J.F. Lamoreux, Persistence of large mammal faunas as indicators of global human impacts, J. Mammal., 88 (2007) 1363‐1380.
  • 22. A. Soyumert, Determining large mammal species and their ecology via the camera trap methods in Northwestern Anatolian forests. PhD, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. (Theses in Turkish with an abstract in English), 2010.
  • 23. G. Szor, D. Berteaux, G. Gauthier, Finding the right home: distribution of food resources and terrain characteristics influence selection of denning sites and reproductive dens in arctic foxes, Polar Biol., 31 (2008) 351‐362.
  • 24. D. Mengüllüoğlu, H. Ambarli, A. Berger, H. Hofer, Foraging ecology of Eurasian lynx populations in southwest Asia: conservation implications for a diet specialist, Ecol. Evol., 8 (2018) 9451‐9463.
  • 25. M. Wölfl, L. Bufka, J. Červený, P. Koubek, M. Heurich, H. Habel, T. Huber, W. Poost, Distribution and status of lynx in the border region between Czech Republic, Germany and Austria, Acta Theriol., 46 (2001) 181‐194.
  • 26. O.E. Can, Status, conservation and management of large carnivores in Turkey, Strasbourg, France: Council of Europe. T-PVS/Inf, 8 (2004).
Year 2020, Volume: 48 Issue: 2, 191 - 196, 19.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.660698

Abstract

References

  • 1. D. Lunney, Causes of the extinction of native mammals of the Western Division of New South Wales: an ecological interpretation of the nineteenth century historical record, Rangeland J., 23 (2001) 44‐70.
  • 2. K.R. Crooks, C.L. Burdett, D.M. Theobald, S.R. King, M. Di Marco, C. Rondinini, L. Boitani, Quantification of habitat fragmentation reveals extinction risk in terrestrial mammals, PNAS, 114 (2017) 7635‐7640.
  • 3. G. Ceballos, P.R. Ehrlich, A.D. Barnosky, A. García, R.M. Pringle, T.M. Palmer, Accelerated modern human–induced species losses: Entering the sixth mass extinction, Sci. Adv., 1 (2015) e1400253.
  • 4. H.E. Watts, K.E. Holekamp, Ecological determinants of survival and reproduction in the spotted hyena, J. Mammal., 90 (2009) 461‐471.
  • 5. A. Poor, Carnivora, Animal Diversity Web, (2019) Accessed November 12 2019.
  • 6. G.R. Rauset, M. Low, J. Persson, Reproductive patterns result from age‐related sensitivity to resources and reproductive costs in a mammalian carnivore, Ecology, 96 (2015) 3153‐3164.
  • 7. H. Foster, Lynx lynx, Animal Diversity Web, (2010) Accessed November 12, 2019.
  • 8. K. Jewgenow, J. Painer, O. Amelkina, M. Dehnhard, F. Goeritz, Lynx reproduction–Long-lasting life cycle of corpora lutea in a feline species, Reprod. Biol., 14 (2014) 83‐88.
  • 9. Y.N. Matyushkin, M.A. Vaisfeld, The Lynx: Regional Features of Ecology, Use and Protection, Moscow-Nauka, 2003.
  • 10. R.M. Nowak, E.P. Walker, Walker's Mammals of the World (Vol. 1). JHU Press, 1999.
  • 11. E.B. Nilsen, J.D. Linnell, J. Odden, G. Samelius, H. Andrén, Patterns of variation in reproductive parameters in Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), Acta Theriol., 57 (2012) 217‐223.
  • 12. N. Bunnefeld, J.D. Linnell, J. Odden, M.A.J. Van Duijn, R. Andersen, Risk taking by Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in a human‐dominated landscape: effects of sex and reproductive status, J. Zool., 270 (2006) 31‐39.
  • 13. M. von Arx, C. Breitenmoser-Wursten, F. Zimmermann, U. Breitenmoser, Status and conservation of the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Europe in 2001. KORA Bericht, vol 19, 2004.
  • 14. U. Breitenmoser, C. Breitenmoser-Würsten, T. Lanz, M. von Arx, A. Antonevich, W. Bao, B. Avgan, Lynx lynx (errata version published in 2017), The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2015) e.T12519A121707666. Downloaded on 12 November 2019.
  • 15. B. Akbaba, Z. Ayaş, Camera trap study on inventory and daily activity patterns of large mammals in a mixed forest in north-western Turkey, Mammalia, 76 (2012) 43‐48.
  • 16. I. Albayrak, New record of Lynx lynx (L., 1758) in Turkey (Mammalia: Carnivora), Turk. J. Zool., 36 (2012) 814‐819.
  • 17. B. Avgan, F. Zimmermann, M. Güntert, F. Arıkan, U. Breitenmoser, The first density estimation of an isolated Eurasian lynx population in southwest Asia, Wildl. Biol., 20 (2014) 217‐222.
  • 18. M. Chynoweth, E. Coban, Ç. Şekercioğlu Conservation of a new breeding population of Caucasian lynx (Lynx lynx dinniki) in eastern Turkey, Turk. J. Zool. 39 (2015) 541‐543.
  • 19. A. Soyumert, A. Ertürk, Ç. Tavşanoğlu, The importance of lagomorphs for the Eurasian lynx in Western Asia: results from a large scale camera-trapping survey in Turkey, Mammal. Biol. 95 (2019) 18‐25.
  • 20. M.C. Peel, B.L. Finlayson, T.A. Mcmahon, Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sc. Discussions 4 (2007) 439‐473.
  • 21. J.C. Morrison, W. Sechrest, E. Dinerstein, D.S. Wilcove, J.F. Lamoreux, Persistence of large mammal faunas as indicators of global human impacts, J. Mammal., 88 (2007) 1363‐1380.
  • 22. A. Soyumert, Determining large mammal species and their ecology via the camera trap methods in Northwestern Anatolian forests. PhD, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. (Theses in Turkish with an abstract in English), 2010.
  • 23. G. Szor, D. Berteaux, G. Gauthier, Finding the right home: distribution of food resources and terrain characteristics influence selection of denning sites and reproductive dens in arctic foxes, Polar Biol., 31 (2008) 351‐362.
  • 24. D. Mengüllüoğlu, H. Ambarli, A. Berger, H. Hofer, Foraging ecology of Eurasian lynx populations in southwest Asia: conservation implications for a diet specialist, Ecol. Evol., 8 (2018) 9451‐9463.
  • 25. M. Wölfl, L. Bufka, J. Červený, P. Koubek, M. Heurich, H. Habel, T. Huber, W. Poost, Distribution and status of lynx in the border region between Czech Republic, Germany and Austria, Acta Theriol., 46 (2001) 181‐194.
  • 26. O.E. Can, Status, conservation and management of large carnivores in Turkey, Strasbourg, France: Council of Europe. T-PVS/Inf, 8 (2004).
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Anil Soyumert 0000-0003-0196-9617

Publication Date April 19, 2020
Acceptance Date April 19, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 48 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Soyumert, A. (2020). Camera-trap records of breeding Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) at the Mount Ilgaz Wildlife Reserve. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 48(2), 191-196. https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.660698
AMA Soyumert A. Camera-trap records of breeding Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) at the Mount Ilgaz Wildlife Reserve. HJBC. April 2020;48(2):191-196. doi:10.15671/hjbc.660698
Chicago Soyumert, Anil. “Camera-Trap Records of Breeding Eurasian Lynx (Lynx Lynx) at the Mount Ilgaz Wildlife Reserve”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 48, no. 2 (April 2020): 191-96. https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.660698.
EndNote Soyumert A (April 1, 2020) Camera-trap records of breeding Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) at the Mount Ilgaz Wildlife Reserve. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 48 2 191–196.
IEEE A. Soyumert, “Camera-trap records of breeding Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) at the Mount Ilgaz Wildlife Reserve”, HJBC, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 191–196, 2020, doi: 10.15671/hjbc.660698.
ISNAD Soyumert, Anil. “Camera-Trap Records of Breeding Eurasian Lynx (Lynx Lynx) at the Mount Ilgaz Wildlife Reserve”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 48/2 (April 2020), 191-196. https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.660698.
JAMA Soyumert A. Camera-trap records of breeding Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) at the Mount Ilgaz Wildlife Reserve. HJBC. 2020;48:191–196.
MLA Soyumert, Anil. “Camera-Trap Records of Breeding Eurasian Lynx (Lynx Lynx) at the Mount Ilgaz Wildlife Reserve”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, vol. 48, no. 2, 2020, pp. 191-6, doi:10.15671/hjbc.660698.
Vancouver Soyumert A. Camera-trap records of breeding Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) at the Mount Ilgaz Wildlife Reserve. HJBC. 2020;48(2):191-6.

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