Research Article
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Year 2020, Volume: 48 Issue: 3, 231 - 238, 15.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.704269

Abstract

References

  • 1. Z. Ying, C. Ning, Autophagy Is a Promoter for Aerobic Exercise Performance during High Altitude Training, Oxid Med Cell Longev., 2018 (2018) 3617508-11.
  • 2. P. Moller, L. Stefen , C. Lundby , N.V. Olsen , Acute hypoxia and hypoxic exercise İnduce DNA strand breaks and oxidative DNA damage in humans, FASEB, 15 (2005) 1181-1186.
  • 3. N.A. Kocakulak, The Effect of High Altitude Exercise on Oxidative Stress Level, Natural & Applied Sciences Journal., 1 (2018 ) 1-8.
  • 4 J.A. Jefferson , J. Simoni, E. Escudero, M.E. Hurtado , E.R.Swenson , D.E.Wesson , G.F.Schreiner , R.B.Schoene , R.J.Johnson ,A. Hurtado, Increased oxidative stress following acute and chronic high altitude exposure, High Altitude Med Biol., 5 (2004) 61-9.
  • 5 Z.Radak ,J. Pucsuk , S.Boros , L.Josfai, AW.Taylor , Changes in urine 8 htdroxydeoxyguanozine levels of super marathon runners during a four-day race period, Life Sci., 66 (2000) 1763-7.
  • 6. H.Orhan , B.Van Holland ,B.Krab , J.Moeken , N.P.Vermeulen , P. Hollander, J.H. Meerman, Evaluation of a multiparameter biomarker set for oxidative damage in man: Increased urinary excretion of lipid, protein and DNA oxidation products after one hour of exercise ,Free Radical Res., 38(2004) 1269-79.
  • 7 R.J.Bloomer , A.H.Goldfarb , J.M. Mckenzie , Oxidative stress response to aerobic exercise: Comparison of antioxidant supplements, Med Sci Sports Exerc., 38 (2006) 1098-105.
  • 8. A. Harman , S.Pfuhler ,C. Dennog , D.Germadnik ,A. Pılger , G.Speit, Exercise-Induced DNA effects in human leukocytes are not accompanied by increased formation of 8-Hydroxy-2’-Deoxyguanosine or induction of micronuclei, Free Radic Biol Med., 24 (1997) 245-251.
  • 9. M.L.Urso, P.M. Clarkson, Oxidative stress, exercise, and antioxidant supplementation, Toxicology., 189 (2003) 41-54.
  • 10. A. Dosek, H.Ohno , Z.Acs , A.W.Taylor , Z.Radak , High altitude and oxidative stress, Respir Physiol Neurobiol., 158 (2007) 128-31.
  • 11. M.F. Baird , S.M.Graham , J.S.Baker , G.F. Bickerstaff, Creatine-kinase- and exerciserelated muscle damage implications for muscle performance and recovery, J Nutr Metab., 2012 (2012) 960363 - 13.
  • 12. D.Magrini , M.Khodaee , I.San-Millán , T.Hew-Butler ,A.J. Provance , Serum creatine kinase elevations in ultramarathon runners at high altitude, Phys Sportsmed., 45 (2017) 129-133.
  • 13. J.M.Peake, S.J.Tan, J.F, Markworth, J.A. Broadbent, T.L. Skinner, D. Cameron-Smith, Metabolic and hormonal responses to isoenergetic high-intensity interval exercise and continuous moderate-intensity exercise, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab., 307 (2014) 539–552.
  • 14. M.P.Schippers , O.Ramirez , M.Arana , P.Pinedo-Bernal , G.B.McClelland , Increase in carbohydrate utilization in high-altitude Andean mice, Curr Biol.,22 (2012) 2350–4.
  • 15. G.D.Cartee, Mechanisms for greater insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in normal and insulin-resistant skeletal muscle after acute exercise, Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 309 (2015) 949–959.
  • 16. O.P.Adams, The impact of brief high-intensity exercise on blood glucose levels, Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes., 6 ( 2013) 113–122.
  • 17. N.E.Hill, K.Deighton, J.Matu,S. Misra, N.S.Oliver, C. Newman , A. Mellor, J.O'Hara, D.Woods, Continuous Glucose Monitoring at High Altitude-Effects on Glucose Homeostasis, Med Sci Sports Exerc., 50 ( 2018) 1679-1686.
  • 18. O.O. Woolcott, M. Ader, R. N. Bergman, Glucose Homeostasis During Short-term and Prolonged Exposure to High Altitudes, Endocrine Reviews., 36 (2015) 149 –173.
  • 19. S.L.Wing, E.W Askew, M.J. Luetkemeier , D.T. Ryujin, G.H.Kamimori , C.K.Grissom, Lack of effect of Rhodiola or oxygenated water supplementation on hypoxemia and oxidative stress, Wild Environ Med., 14 (2003) 9-16.
  • 20. N.A.Guzel , H.Sayan , D.Erbas , Effect of moderate altitude on exhaled nitric oxide, erythrocytes lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase levels, Jpn J Physiol., 50 (2000) 187-90.
  • 21. A.Wozniak , G.Drewa , G.Chesy ,A. Rakowsi , M.Rozwodowska , D.Olzewska , Effect of altitude training on the peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in sportsment, Med Sci sports Exerc., 33 (2001) 1109-113.
  • 22. M.C. Schmidt ,E.W. Askew, D.E.Roberts, R.L.Prior, W.Y.Ensign, R.E.Hesslink, Oxidative stress in humans training to a cold, moderate altitude environment and their response to pytochemical antioxidant supplement, Wild Environ Med.,13 (2002) 94-105.
  • 23. G.Gonzalez, G.Celedon, M. Escobar, C.Sotomayor, V.Ferre, D.Benitez, C. Behn , Red cell membrane lipid changes at 3500 m and on return to sea level, High Altitude Med and boil., 6 (2005) 320-6.
  • 24. J.F.Turrens , Mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species, J Physiol.,552 (2003) ; 335-44.
  • 25. I.Papandreou , R.A.Cairns, L.Fontana , A.L. Lim, N.C. Denko, HIF-1 mediates adaptation to hypoxia by actively downregulating mitochondrial oxygen consumption, Cell Metab., 3 ( 2006) 187-97.
  • 26. P.Møller , L.Risom , C.Lundby , L.Mikkelsen ,S. Loft , Hypoxia and oxidation levels of DNA and lipids in humans and animal experimental models, IUBMB Life., 60 (2008) 707-23.

The Effect of Exercise at High Altitude on Muscle Serum Enzymes and Some Biochemical Parameters

Year 2020, Volume: 48 Issue: 3, 231 - 238, 15.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.704269

Abstract

High altitude conditions cause changes in organism functions. Low oxygen concentration, low heat and exposure to ultraviolet rays for a long time trigger these changes. In our study, the effects of exercise at 1055m and 2500m on Malondialdehyde (MDA), Creatinine, Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Total Protein, Glucose, Cholesterol are tried to be determined. Twelve healthy individuals were included in the study. They exercised 3 hours a day for 5 days in both places. Blood samples taken into tubes with anticoagulants, both at the first day and on the fifth day, at 1055 m and 2500 m altitude before and after exercise, were centrifuged and separated into their plasma. It was found that glucose and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) increased at 2500 meters. MDA (malondialdehyde) decreased. At 1500 meters, glucose and creatinine were found to be released, while AST (aspartate aminotransferase) was decreased. Considering the samples taken 10 days after the volunteers returned from 2500 m to 1055 m, the results were found to approach 2500 m pre-exercise values. When the results of 1055 m and 2500 m were compared to the 1st and 5th days, glucose and creatinine were found to be increased both at 1050 m and at 2500 m. It is observed that LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) increased significantly at 5th of 2500m compared to 1st day. Our results showed that both exercise and high altitude affect muscle serum enzymes and glucose MDA values, but these changes do not pose a risk of disease that would require medical intervention.

References

  • 1. Z. Ying, C. Ning, Autophagy Is a Promoter for Aerobic Exercise Performance during High Altitude Training, Oxid Med Cell Longev., 2018 (2018) 3617508-11.
  • 2. P. Moller, L. Stefen , C. Lundby , N.V. Olsen , Acute hypoxia and hypoxic exercise İnduce DNA strand breaks and oxidative DNA damage in humans, FASEB, 15 (2005) 1181-1186.
  • 3. N.A. Kocakulak, The Effect of High Altitude Exercise on Oxidative Stress Level, Natural & Applied Sciences Journal., 1 (2018 ) 1-8.
  • 4 J.A. Jefferson , J. Simoni, E. Escudero, M.E. Hurtado , E.R.Swenson , D.E.Wesson , G.F.Schreiner , R.B.Schoene , R.J.Johnson ,A. Hurtado, Increased oxidative stress following acute and chronic high altitude exposure, High Altitude Med Biol., 5 (2004) 61-9.
  • 5 Z.Radak ,J. Pucsuk , S.Boros , L.Josfai, AW.Taylor , Changes in urine 8 htdroxydeoxyguanozine levels of super marathon runners during a four-day race period, Life Sci., 66 (2000) 1763-7.
  • 6. H.Orhan , B.Van Holland ,B.Krab , J.Moeken , N.P.Vermeulen , P. Hollander, J.H. Meerman, Evaluation of a multiparameter biomarker set for oxidative damage in man: Increased urinary excretion of lipid, protein and DNA oxidation products after one hour of exercise ,Free Radical Res., 38(2004) 1269-79.
  • 7 R.J.Bloomer , A.H.Goldfarb , J.M. Mckenzie , Oxidative stress response to aerobic exercise: Comparison of antioxidant supplements, Med Sci Sports Exerc., 38 (2006) 1098-105.
  • 8. A. Harman , S.Pfuhler ,C. Dennog , D.Germadnik ,A. Pılger , G.Speit, Exercise-Induced DNA effects in human leukocytes are not accompanied by increased formation of 8-Hydroxy-2’-Deoxyguanosine or induction of micronuclei, Free Radic Biol Med., 24 (1997) 245-251.
  • 9. M.L.Urso, P.M. Clarkson, Oxidative stress, exercise, and antioxidant supplementation, Toxicology., 189 (2003) 41-54.
  • 10. A. Dosek, H.Ohno , Z.Acs , A.W.Taylor , Z.Radak , High altitude and oxidative stress, Respir Physiol Neurobiol., 158 (2007) 128-31.
  • 11. M.F. Baird , S.M.Graham , J.S.Baker , G.F. Bickerstaff, Creatine-kinase- and exerciserelated muscle damage implications for muscle performance and recovery, J Nutr Metab., 2012 (2012) 960363 - 13.
  • 12. D.Magrini , M.Khodaee , I.San-Millán , T.Hew-Butler ,A.J. Provance , Serum creatine kinase elevations in ultramarathon runners at high altitude, Phys Sportsmed., 45 (2017) 129-133.
  • 13. J.M.Peake, S.J.Tan, J.F, Markworth, J.A. Broadbent, T.L. Skinner, D. Cameron-Smith, Metabolic and hormonal responses to isoenergetic high-intensity interval exercise and continuous moderate-intensity exercise, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab., 307 (2014) 539–552.
  • 14. M.P.Schippers , O.Ramirez , M.Arana , P.Pinedo-Bernal , G.B.McClelland , Increase in carbohydrate utilization in high-altitude Andean mice, Curr Biol.,22 (2012) 2350–4.
  • 15. G.D.Cartee, Mechanisms for greater insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in normal and insulin-resistant skeletal muscle after acute exercise, Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 309 (2015) 949–959.
  • 16. O.P.Adams, The impact of brief high-intensity exercise on blood glucose levels, Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes., 6 ( 2013) 113–122.
  • 17. N.E.Hill, K.Deighton, J.Matu,S. Misra, N.S.Oliver, C. Newman , A. Mellor, J.O'Hara, D.Woods, Continuous Glucose Monitoring at High Altitude-Effects on Glucose Homeostasis, Med Sci Sports Exerc., 50 ( 2018) 1679-1686.
  • 18. O.O. Woolcott, M. Ader, R. N. Bergman, Glucose Homeostasis During Short-term and Prolonged Exposure to High Altitudes, Endocrine Reviews., 36 (2015) 149 –173.
  • 19. S.L.Wing, E.W Askew, M.J. Luetkemeier , D.T. Ryujin, G.H.Kamimori , C.K.Grissom, Lack of effect of Rhodiola or oxygenated water supplementation on hypoxemia and oxidative stress, Wild Environ Med., 14 (2003) 9-16.
  • 20. N.A.Guzel , H.Sayan , D.Erbas , Effect of moderate altitude on exhaled nitric oxide, erythrocytes lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase levels, Jpn J Physiol., 50 (2000) 187-90.
  • 21. A.Wozniak , G.Drewa , G.Chesy ,A. Rakowsi , M.Rozwodowska , D.Olzewska , Effect of altitude training on the peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in sportsment, Med Sci sports Exerc., 33 (2001) 1109-113.
  • 22. M.C. Schmidt ,E.W. Askew, D.E.Roberts, R.L.Prior, W.Y.Ensign, R.E.Hesslink, Oxidative stress in humans training to a cold, moderate altitude environment and their response to pytochemical antioxidant supplement, Wild Environ Med.,13 (2002) 94-105.
  • 23. G.Gonzalez, G.Celedon, M. Escobar, C.Sotomayor, V.Ferre, D.Benitez, C. Behn , Red cell membrane lipid changes at 3500 m and on return to sea level, High Altitude Med and boil., 6 (2005) 320-6.
  • 24. J.F.Turrens , Mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species, J Physiol.,552 (2003) ; 335-44.
  • 25. I.Papandreou , R.A.Cairns, L.Fontana , A.L. Lim, N.C. Denko, HIF-1 mediates adaptation to hypoxia by actively downregulating mitochondrial oxygen consumption, Cell Metab., 3 ( 2006) 187-97.
  • 26. P.Møller , L.Risom , C.Lundby , L.Mikkelsen ,S. Loft , Hypoxia and oxidation levels of DNA and lipids in humans and animal experimental models, IUBMB Life., 60 (2008) 707-23.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Neşe Akpınar Kocakulak 0000-0001-5798-263X

Meryem Şentürk 0000-0002-3763-8310

Hakan Gülmez This is me 0000-0001-5467-3743

Meryem Eren 0000-0003-1339-0493

Zuhal Hamurcu This is me 0000-0002-0711-4014

Publication Date June 15, 2020
Acceptance Date April 23, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 48 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Akpınar Kocakulak, N., Şentürk, M., Gülmez, H., Eren, M., et al. (2020). The Effect of Exercise at High Altitude on Muscle Serum Enzymes and Some Biochemical Parameters. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 48(3), 231-238. https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.704269
AMA Akpınar Kocakulak N, Şentürk M, Gülmez H, Eren M, Hamurcu Z. The Effect of Exercise at High Altitude on Muscle Serum Enzymes and Some Biochemical Parameters. HJBC. June 2020;48(3):231-238. doi:10.15671/hjbc.704269
Chicago Akpınar Kocakulak, Neşe, Meryem Şentürk, Hakan Gülmez, Meryem Eren, and Zuhal Hamurcu. “The Effect of Exercise at High Altitude on Muscle Serum Enzymes and Some Biochemical Parameters”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 48, no. 3 (June 2020): 231-38. https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.704269.
EndNote Akpınar Kocakulak N, Şentürk M, Gülmez H, Eren M, Hamurcu Z (June 1, 2020) The Effect of Exercise at High Altitude on Muscle Serum Enzymes and Some Biochemical Parameters. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 48 3 231–238.
IEEE N. Akpınar Kocakulak, M. Şentürk, H. Gülmez, M. Eren, and Z. Hamurcu, “The Effect of Exercise at High Altitude on Muscle Serum Enzymes and Some Biochemical Parameters”, HJBC, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 231–238, 2020, doi: 10.15671/hjbc.704269.
ISNAD Akpınar Kocakulak, Neşe et al. “The Effect of Exercise at High Altitude on Muscle Serum Enzymes and Some Biochemical Parameters”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 48/3 (June 2020), 231-238. https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.704269.
JAMA Akpınar Kocakulak N, Şentürk M, Gülmez H, Eren M, Hamurcu Z. The Effect of Exercise at High Altitude on Muscle Serum Enzymes and Some Biochemical Parameters. HJBC. 2020;48:231–238.
MLA Akpınar Kocakulak, Neşe et al. “The Effect of Exercise at High Altitude on Muscle Serum Enzymes and Some Biochemical Parameters”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, vol. 48, no. 3, 2020, pp. 231-8, doi:10.15671/hjbc.704269.
Vancouver Akpınar Kocakulak N, Şentürk M, Gülmez H, Eren M, Hamurcu Z. The Effect of Exercise at High Altitude on Muscle Serum Enzymes and Some Biochemical Parameters. HJBC. 2020;48(3):231-8.

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