Biochemical Effects of Pesticide Contaminated Drinking Water on Lipid Peroxidation and Free-Radical Scavenger

Year 2007, Volume: 35 Issue: 2, 111 - 116, 01.04.2007

Huseyin Tuncmen M. Nalan Tüzmen

Abstract

In agriculture, pesticides are commonly used for achieving better quality prouducts, increased production rate and controling pest population. However, they also lead to generation of reactive oxygen species ROS such as hydrogenperoxide H2O2 , superoxide O2-• , and hydroxyl •OH radicals, which have harmful effect on human health. Eachyear about 15000 tons of fertilizer and 500 tons of pesticides contaminate the groundwater of Büyükkabaca whereagriculture and fruit growing are commonly widespread. The drinking water of Büyükkabaca is obtained from 2 aquiferswhich are 150 m below surface of this plain. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical effects ofBüyükkabaca’s drinking water on oxidant/antioxidant system in the blood, brain, liver and kidney of the rats. The levelof thiobarbituric acid reacting substances and activities of superoxide dismutase SOD and glutathione peroxidase GSH-Px were increased and GSH level and catalase CAT activity only in blood and brain were decreased in theexperimental group of rats. The present results suggest that free radicals like superoxide and peroxyl radicals formedas a result of excessive ethion level determined in Büyükkabaca’s drinking water can be responsible for the incresasein LPO and alteration in antioxidative defence mechanisms. Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate theeffect of the increased lipid peroxidation on human health in this region

Keywords

Free radical, antioxidant enzyme, lipid peoxidation, pesticide

References

• Aebi H. Catalase. In Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, Bergemeyer HU (ed). Academic Press: New York-London 1974; 673-684.
• Paglia DE, Valentine WN. Studies on the quan- titative and qualitative characterization of ery- throcyte glutathione peroxidase. J Lab Clin Med. 1967; 70 (1): 158-169.
• Tietze F. Enzymic method for quantitative de- termination of nanogram amounts of total and oxidized glutathione. Anal Biochem. 1969; 27: 502-522.
• Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Oxygen freeradi- cals and iron in relation to biology and medicine: Some problems and concepts. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1986; 246: 501-514.
• Pena-Llopis S, Ferrando MD, Pena JB. Im- paired glutathione redox status is associated with decreased survival in two organophos- phate-poisoned marine bivalves. Chemosphere 2002; 47: 485-497.
• WHO (World Health Organizition). Guidlines for drinking water quality. Recommendation, vol.1. Geneva, 1984.
• TDWS (Turkish Drinking Water Standards). September 4 1988 date and 199/9 numbers of Official Newspaper (in Turkish); 1988.
• EPA. Human Health Risk Assessment, Ethion. 1999; 1-67.
• Chhabra SK, Hashim S, Rao AR. Modulation of hepatic glutathione system of enzymes in suck- ling mouse pups exposed translocationally to malathion. J Appl Toxicol.1993; 13: 411-416.
• Junqueira VBC, Simizu K, Videla LA, Barros SBM. Dose-dependent study of the effects of acute lindane administration on rat liver super- oxide anion production, antioxidant enzyme ac- tivities and lipid peroxidation. Toxicol. 1986; 41: 193-204.
• Zhang JF, Wang XR, Guo HY, Wu JC, Xue YO.. Effects of water soluble fractions of diesel oil on the antioxidant defences of the goldfish, Caras- sius auratus. Ecotoxicol Environ Safe 2004; 58: 110-116.
• Bainy CDA, Saito E, Carvalho SMP, Junqueira BCV. Oxidative stress in gill, erythrocytes, liver and kidney of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from a polluted site. Aquat Toxicol. 1996; 34: 151-162.
• Almeida JA, Diniz YS, Marques SFG, Faine LA, Ribas BO, Burneiko RC, Novelli ELB. The use of oxidative stress responses as biomarkers in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to in vivo cadmium contamination. Environ Int. 2002; 27: 673-679.
• Agrawal D, Sultana P, Gupta GSD. Oxidative damage and changes in the glutathione redox system in erythrocytes from rats treated with hexachlorocyclohexane. Food Chem. Toxicol. 1991; 29: 459-462.
• El-Sharkawy AM, Abdel-Rahman SZ, Hassan AA, Gabr MH, El-Zoghby SM, El-Sewedy SM. Biochemical effects of some insecticides on the metabolic enzymes regulating glutathione me- tabolism. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 1994; 52: 505-510.