The Misuse and Abuse of Darwinian Concepts in Social Theory or was Darwin a Social Darwinist?

Year 2010, Volume: 38 Issue: 3, 177 - 192, 01.08.2010

Suavi Aydın

Abstract

There are many remarks about Darwinian concepts of “selection” and “nature” in social science literature especially in the 19th century philosophy. Social sciences such as sociology, psychology and economics have been developed in the 19th century mainly imitating and trying to be similar with natural sciences methodologically.

References

• Barzun, J. (1965), Race: A Study in Superstition. New York: Harper and Row.
• Beales, D. (1990), “Social Forces and Enlightened Policies”, Enlightened Absolitism: Reform and Reformers in Later Eighteenth Century Europe (ed. H. M. SCOTT). Londra: Macmillan: 1-35.
• Bowler, P.J. (1984), Evolution: The History of An Idea, Berkeley, Los Angeles, Londra, University of California Press.
• Cassirer, E. (1951), The Philosophy of the Enlightenment (çev. F. C. A. Koelln ve J. P. Pettegrove). Princeton, NJ.: Princeton University Press.
• Crook, D.P. (1984), Benjamin Kidd: Portrait of a Social Darwinist. London etc.: Cambridge University Press.
• ------ (1994), Darwinism, War and History. The Debate over the Biology of War from the ‘Origin of Species’ to the First World War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Darwin, C. (1872), The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life and The Descent of Man and Selection in relation to Sex. New York: The Modern Library.
• ------ (1874), The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex. New York: A. L. Burt Company, Publishers.
• Degler, C.N. (1991), In Search of Human Nature. The Decline and Revival of Darwinism in American Social Thought. New York ve Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Harris, M. (1968), The Rise of Anthropological Theory: A History of Theories of Culture. New york: Crowell.
• Hartmann, N. (1940), Neue Ontologie in Deutschland (in Kleine Schriften I. Abhandlungen zur Systematischen Philosophie). Berlin: Walter De Gruyter (1955).
• ------ (1968), “Almanya’da Yeni Ontologi”, Felsefe Arkivi, 16, ss. 1-48. (Almanca ilk basımı: “Neue Ontologie in Deutschland”, Felfese Arkivi, c. I (3-4), 1946)
• Hawkins, M. (1997), Social Darwinism in European and American Thought, 1860-1945, Cambridge University Press.
• Hofstadler, R. (1955), Social Darwinism in American Thought, Boston, Beacon Press.
• Horkheimer, M. and Adorno, T.W. (1995), Aydınlanmanın Diyalekti i: Felsefî Fragmanlar I (çev. O uz Özgül). stanbul: Kabalcı.
• Maksudyan, N. (2005), Türklü ü Ölçmek. Bilimkurgusal Antropoloji ve Türk Milliyetçili inin Irkçı Çehresi, 1925-1939. stanbul: Metis.
• Malthus, T.R. (1798), An Essay on the Principle of Population. (Oxford World's Classics Reprint, 1999). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• ------ (1960), “A Summary View of the Principle of Population”. in Three Essays on Population. New York ve Toronto: Mentor Books.
• Mann, G. and Dumont, F. (1990), (eds), Die Natur des Menschen: Probleme der physischen Anthropologie und Rassenkunde (1750-1850), Soemmering- Forschungen, 6, Akademie für Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz, Stuttgart, Gustav Fischer, 1990.
• Mayr, E. (1982), The Growth of Biological Thought. Cambrigde, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press.
• Schmitt, C. (1927), “Der Begriff des Politischen”, Archiv für Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik, 58: 1-33.
• Sorokin, P. (1972), Bir Bunalım Ça ında Toplum Felsefeleri (çev. Mete tunçay). stanbul: Bilgi.
• Spencer, H. (1873), Study of Sociology. London: Henry S. King and Co.
• Tyler, S. (1844), A Discourse of the Baconian Philosophy. Frederick City, MD.: Ezekiel Hughes (Tıpkıbasımı 2009, BiblioLife Reproduction Series).