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Nutraceutical Value of Four Oyster Mushroom Species, Higher Basidiomycetes

Year 2017, Volume: 45 Issue: 1, 117 - 123, 01.03.2017

Abstract

This work was achieved to determine the nutritional value total protein, crude fiber, phenolic compounds, total carbohydrate, ash, dry matter, moisture content and pH of four oyster mushrooms species namely; P. ostreatus grey , P. ostreatus white , P. cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus yellow and P. salmoneostramineus pink , were investigated on three agro-substrates mixtures; S1 wheat straw , S2 70% wheat straw, 20% saw- dust and 10% date palm fiber and S3 50% wheat straw, 30% sawdust and 20% date palm fiber media. The variety of oyster mushroom showed significant P

References

  • S.T. Chang, P.G. Miles, Mushrooms Cultivation, Nutritional Value, Medicinal Effect and Enviromental Impact, 2nd ed., CRC Press LLC, USA, 381, (2004). M.N. Owaid, A.M. Abed, B.M. Nassar, Recycling cardboard wastes to produce blue oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus in Iraq, Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 27 (2015) 537-541.
  • M.N.O. Alheeti, Testing efficiency of different agriculture media in growth and production of four species of oyster mushroom Pleurotus and evaluation the bioactivity of tested species. Ph.D. thesis, Dep. Biology, College of Science, University of Anbar, Iraq, 169, (2013).
  • J. Poppe, Part II, Oyster Mushrooms, Substrate, In: Mushroom Growers Handbook, Oyster Mushroom Cultivation, Vol 1, MushWorld, Aloha Medicinals Inc., Korea, 75-85, (2004).
  • S.A. Ahmed, J.A. Kadam, V.P. Mane, S.S. Patil, M.M.V. Baig, Biological efficiency and nutritional contents of Pleurotus florida (Mont.) Singer cultivated on different agro-wastes, Nature and Science, 7 (2009) 44-48.
  • M.N. Owaid, B.M. Nassar, A.M. Abed, A.M. Turki, Effect of cellulosic matter and container size on cultivation and yield of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus, Journal of Medicinal Herbs and Ethnomedicine, 1 (2015) 59-63.
  • S. Kulshreshtha, N. Mathur, P. Bhatnagar, S. Kulshreshtha, Cultivation of Pleurotus citrinopileatus on handmade paper and cardboard industrial wastes, Industrial Crops and Products, 41 (2013) 340-346.
  • M.N. Owaid, S.S.S. Al-Saeedi, V. Sabaratnam, I.A.A. Al- Assaffii, J. Raman, Growth performance and cultivation of four oyster mushroom species on sawdust and rice bran substrates, J. Adv. Biotech., 4 (2015) 424-429.
  • M.N. Owaid, I.A. Abed, S.S. Al-Saeedi, Using of date palm fiber mixed with other lignocelluloses toward Pleurotus ostreatus (Higher Basidiomycetes) cultivation, Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 27 (2015) 556-561.
  • M.N. Owaid, S.S.S. Al-Saeedi, I.A. Al-Assaffii, Impact palm date fibers (fibrillum) and sawdust extract on mycelial growth rate of four species of Pleurotus. 3rd Scientific Conference for Plant Production, Journal Tikrit Univ. For Agri. Sci., 14 (2014) 1-7.
  • A.M. Kabirifard, H. Fazaeli, F. Kafilzadeh, Comparing the growth rate of four Pleurotus fungi on wheat stubble and date palm leaf, Journal of Research in Agricultural Science, 8 (2012) 35-43.
  • K.M. Alananbeh, N.A. Bouqellah, N.S. Al Kaff, Cultivation of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus on date-palm leaves mixed with other agro-wastes in Saudi Arabia, Saudi J Biol Sci., 21 (2014) 616-625.
  • M.N.O. Alheeti, S.S.S. Al-Saeedi, I.A. Al-Assaffii, Evaluation of qualification of substrates containing date palm fibers (leef) and sawdust on quality and productivity of four Pleurotus spp. 2nd Conference of Desert Studies, Ramadi, Iraq (2013).
  • H.M. Sirag, Biochemical and Hematological studies for the protective effect of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) against glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rats, J. Biol. Sci., 9 (2009) 746-752.
  • H. El-Enshasy, A. Daba, M. El-Demellawy, A. Ibrahim, S. El Sayed, I. El-Badry, Bioprocess development for large scale production of anticancer exo-polysaccharide by Pleurotus ostreatus in submerged culture, J. Appl. Sci., 10 (2010) 2523-2529.
  • J.-H. Jang, S.-C. Jeong, J.-H. Kim, Y.-H. Lee, Y.-C. Ju, J.-S. Lee, Characterisation of a new antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide from Pleurotus cornucopiae, Food Chemistry, 127 (2011) 412-418.
  • M.N. Owaid, J. Raman, H. Lakshmanan, S.S.S. Al-Saeedi, V. Sabaratnam, I.A.A. Al-Assaffii, Mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from Pleurotus cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus and its inhibitory effects against Candida sp., Materials Letters, 153 (2015) 186-190.
  • S. Khatun, A. Islam, U. Cakilcioglu, N.C. Chatterjee, Research on mushroom as a potential source of nutraceuticals: a review on Indian perspective, American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 2 (2012) 47-73.
  • M.P. Carvalho, S.T.V. Der Sand, E.A.R. Rosa, J.C. Germani, N.K. Ishikawa, Investigation of the antibacterial activity of Basidiomycetes, Biociencias, Porto Alegre, 15 (2007) 173-179.
  • V. Dunkwal, S. Jood, Effect of Substrates on Nutrient
  • J.-H. Kim, S.-J. Kim, H.-R. Park, J.-I. Choi, Y.-C. Ju, K.-C. Nam, S.-J. Kim, S.-C. Lee, The different antioxidant and anticancer activities depending on the color of oyster mushrooms, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 3 (2009) 1016-1020.
  • M.N.O. Alheeti, S.S.S. Al-Saeedi, I.A. Al-Assaffii, V. Sabaratnam, Antifungal activities of mycelia and culture filtrate of four oyster mushroom species (Pleurotus spp.) against pathogenic Fungi, The 7th International Medicinal Mushroom Conference, Beijing, China, (2013).
  • M.N. Owaid, S.S.S. Al Saeedi, I.A. Abed, P. Shahbazi, V. Sabaratnam, Antifungal activities of some Pleurotus species (Higher Basidiomycetes), Walailak Journal of Science and Technology, 14 (2017) 215-224.
  • M.N. Owaid S.S.S. Al-Saeedi, I.A. Al-Assaffii, Antimicrobial activity of mycelia of oyster mushroom species (Pleurotus spp.) and their liquid filtrates (in vitro), Journal of Medical and Bioengineering, 4 (2015) 376-380.
  • P. Selvakumar, S. Rajasekar, A.G. Babu, K. Periasamy, N. Raaman, M.S. Reddy, Improving Biological Efficiency of Pleurotus Strain through Protoplast Fusion between P. ostreatus var. florida and P. djamor var. roseus, Food Sci. Biotechnol., 24 (2015) 1741-1748.
  • M. Badu, S.K. Twumasi, N.O. Boadi, Effects of Lignocellulosic in Wood Used as Substrate on the Quality and Yield of Mushrooms, Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2 (2011) 780-784.
  • I.U. Haq, M.A. Khan, S.A. Khan, M. Ahmad, Biochemical Analysis of Fruiting Bodies of Volvariella volvacea Strain Vv pk, Grown on Six Different Substrates, Soil Environ., 30 (2011) 146-150.
  • K. Liu, G.W. Price, Evaluation of Three Composting Systems for the Management of Spent Coffee Grounds, Bioresource Technology, 102 (2011) 7966-7974.
  • M. Colak, E. Baysal, H. Simsek, H. Toker, F. Yilmaz, Cultivation of Agaricus bisporus on Wheat Straw and Waste Tea Leaves Based Composts and Locally Available Casing Materials Part 3: Dry Matter, Protein and Carbohydrate Contents of Agaricus bisporus, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 6 (2007) 2855-2859.
  • A. Mahadevan, R. Sridhar, Methodes in Physiological Plant Pathology, 3rd ed., Sivakami Publications Indira Nagar, Madra, India, pp. 328, (1986).
  • N. Raghuramulu, N.K. Madhavan, S.A. Kalyanasundaram, Manual of Laboratory Techniques, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India, pp. 56-58, (2003).
  • M.N. Owaid, S.S.S. Al-Saeedi I.A. Abed, Mineral elements of white, grey, yellow and pink oyster mushrooms (Higher Basidiomycetes). GIDA, 40 (2015) 319-326.
  • L.M. Ahmed, Studying of effect the substrate in growth and production of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), M.Sc. thesis, College of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Syria, (2010).
  • P. Stamets, J.S. Chilton, The Mushroom Cultivation, A Practical Guide to Growing Mushrooms at Home, Agarikon Press, USA, pp. 15-195, (1983). Composition of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus sajor caju), J. Dairying, Foods & H.S., 28 (2009) 132-136.
  • I.A. Hassan, Effect of sterilization on the yield and storage life of oyster mushroom cultivated on date palm by products, M.Sc. Thesis, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Iraq, (2011).
  • N. Mikiashvili, S.P. Wasswe, E. Nevo, V. Elisashvili, Effects of Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on Pleurotus ostreatus Ligninolytic Enzyme Activity, World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 22 (2006) 999-1002.
  • K.K. Tshinyangu, Effect of Grass Hay Substrate on Nutritional Value of Pleurotus ostreatus var. columbinus, Food / Nahrung, 40 (1996) 79-83.
  • S. Shukla, A.K. Jaitly, Morphological and Biochemical Characterization of Different Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus spp.), Journal of Phytology, 3 (2011) 18-20.
  • J.R. Rampinelli, M.L.L. Silveira, R.M.M. Gern, S.A. Furlan, J.L. Ninow, E. Wisbeck, Nutritional Value of Pleurotus djamor Cultivated in Banana Straw, Alim. Nutr. Araraquara, 21 (2010) 197-202.
  • M.M. Yabraq, I. Elias, H. Mando, Cultivation of oyster mushroom Pleurotus spp., General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Aleppo, Syria, pp. 22, (2009).
  • M.N.O. Alheeti, Biotechnology for local compost preparation used to produce mushroom Agaricus bisporus, M.Sc. thesis, Dep. Biology, College of Science, University of Anbar, Iraq, 129 pp., (2009).

Dört İstiridye Mantar Türlerinin Besin Değeri, Yüksek Basidiomycetes

Year 2017, Volume: 45 Issue: 1, 117 - 123, 01.03.2017

Abstract

B u çalışmada dört istridye mantar türünün besin değeri total protein, ham selüloz, fenolik bileşikler, toplam karbohidrat, kül, kuru madde, nem içeriği ve pH belirlenmiştir. P. ostreatus gri , P. ostreatus beyaz , P. cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus sarı ve P. salmoneostramineus pembe , mantar türleri üç tarımsal karışımda S1 buğday samanı , S2 %70 buğday samanı, %20 talaş ve %10 hurma lifi ve S3 %50 buğday samanı, %30 talaş ve %20 hurma lifi incelenmiştir. İstiridye mantarlarının çeşitli katkı maddeleriyle besin değerinin önemli p

References

  • S.T. Chang, P.G. Miles, Mushrooms Cultivation, Nutritional Value, Medicinal Effect and Enviromental Impact, 2nd ed., CRC Press LLC, USA, 381, (2004). M.N. Owaid, A.M. Abed, B.M. Nassar, Recycling cardboard wastes to produce blue oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus in Iraq, Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 27 (2015) 537-541.
  • M.N.O. Alheeti, Testing efficiency of different agriculture media in growth and production of four species of oyster mushroom Pleurotus and evaluation the bioactivity of tested species. Ph.D. thesis, Dep. Biology, College of Science, University of Anbar, Iraq, 169, (2013).
  • J. Poppe, Part II, Oyster Mushrooms, Substrate, In: Mushroom Growers Handbook, Oyster Mushroom Cultivation, Vol 1, MushWorld, Aloha Medicinals Inc., Korea, 75-85, (2004).
  • S.A. Ahmed, J.A. Kadam, V.P. Mane, S.S. Patil, M.M.V. Baig, Biological efficiency and nutritional contents of Pleurotus florida (Mont.) Singer cultivated on different agro-wastes, Nature and Science, 7 (2009) 44-48.
  • M.N. Owaid, B.M. Nassar, A.M. Abed, A.M. Turki, Effect of cellulosic matter and container size on cultivation and yield of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus, Journal of Medicinal Herbs and Ethnomedicine, 1 (2015) 59-63.
  • S. Kulshreshtha, N. Mathur, P. Bhatnagar, S. Kulshreshtha, Cultivation of Pleurotus citrinopileatus on handmade paper and cardboard industrial wastes, Industrial Crops and Products, 41 (2013) 340-346.
  • M.N. Owaid, S.S.S. Al-Saeedi, V. Sabaratnam, I.A.A. Al- Assaffii, J. Raman, Growth performance and cultivation of four oyster mushroom species on sawdust and rice bran substrates, J. Adv. Biotech., 4 (2015) 424-429.
  • M.N. Owaid, I.A. Abed, S.S. Al-Saeedi, Using of date palm fiber mixed with other lignocelluloses toward Pleurotus ostreatus (Higher Basidiomycetes) cultivation, Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 27 (2015) 556-561.
  • M.N. Owaid, S.S.S. Al-Saeedi, I.A. Al-Assaffii, Impact palm date fibers (fibrillum) and sawdust extract on mycelial growth rate of four species of Pleurotus. 3rd Scientific Conference for Plant Production, Journal Tikrit Univ. For Agri. Sci., 14 (2014) 1-7.
  • A.M. Kabirifard, H. Fazaeli, F. Kafilzadeh, Comparing the growth rate of four Pleurotus fungi on wheat stubble and date palm leaf, Journal of Research in Agricultural Science, 8 (2012) 35-43.
  • K.M. Alananbeh, N.A. Bouqellah, N.S. Al Kaff, Cultivation of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus on date-palm leaves mixed with other agro-wastes in Saudi Arabia, Saudi J Biol Sci., 21 (2014) 616-625.
  • M.N.O. Alheeti, S.S.S. Al-Saeedi, I.A. Al-Assaffii, Evaluation of qualification of substrates containing date palm fibers (leef) and sawdust on quality and productivity of four Pleurotus spp. 2nd Conference of Desert Studies, Ramadi, Iraq (2013).
  • H.M. Sirag, Biochemical and Hematological studies for the protective effect of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) against glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rats, J. Biol. Sci., 9 (2009) 746-752.
  • H. El-Enshasy, A. Daba, M. El-Demellawy, A. Ibrahim, S. El Sayed, I. El-Badry, Bioprocess development for large scale production of anticancer exo-polysaccharide by Pleurotus ostreatus in submerged culture, J. Appl. Sci., 10 (2010) 2523-2529.
  • J.-H. Jang, S.-C. Jeong, J.-H. Kim, Y.-H. Lee, Y.-C. Ju, J.-S. Lee, Characterisation of a new antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide from Pleurotus cornucopiae, Food Chemistry, 127 (2011) 412-418.
  • M.N. Owaid, J. Raman, H. Lakshmanan, S.S.S. Al-Saeedi, V. Sabaratnam, I.A.A. Al-Assaffii, Mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from Pleurotus cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus and its inhibitory effects against Candida sp., Materials Letters, 153 (2015) 186-190.
  • S. Khatun, A. Islam, U. Cakilcioglu, N.C. Chatterjee, Research on mushroom as a potential source of nutraceuticals: a review on Indian perspective, American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 2 (2012) 47-73.
  • M.P. Carvalho, S.T.V. Der Sand, E.A.R. Rosa, J.C. Germani, N.K. Ishikawa, Investigation of the antibacterial activity of Basidiomycetes, Biociencias, Porto Alegre, 15 (2007) 173-179.
  • V. Dunkwal, S. Jood, Effect of Substrates on Nutrient
  • J.-H. Kim, S.-J. Kim, H.-R. Park, J.-I. Choi, Y.-C. Ju, K.-C. Nam, S.-J. Kim, S.-C. Lee, The different antioxidant and anticancer activities depending on the color of oyster mushrooms, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 3 (2009) 1016-1020.
  • M.N.O. Alheeti, S.S.S. Al-Saeedi, I.A. Al-Assaffii, V. Sabaratnam, Antifungal activities of mycelia and culture filtrate of four oyster mushroom species (Pleurotus spp.) against pathogenic Fungi, The 7th International Medicinal Mushroom Conference, Beijing, China, (2013).
  • M.N. Owaid, S.S.S. Al Saeedi, I.A. Abed, P. Shahbazi, V. Sabaratnam, Antifungal activities of some Pleurotus species (Higher Basidiomycetes), Walailak Journal of Science and Technology, 14 (2017) 215-224.
  • M.N. Owaid S.S.S. Al-Saeedi, I.A. Al-Assaffii, Antimicrobial activity of mycelia of oyster mushroom species (Pleurotus spp.) and their liquid filtrates (in vitro), Journal of Medical and Bioengineering, 4 (2015) 376-380.
  • P. Selvakumar, S. Rajasekar, A.G. Babu, K. Periasamy, N. Raaman, M.S. Reddy, Improving Biological Efficiency of Pleurotus Strain through Protoplast Fusion between P. ostreatus var. florida and P. djamor var. roseus, Food Sci. Biotechnol., 24 (2015) 1741-1748.
  • M. Badu, S.K. Twumasi, N.O. Boadi, Effects of Lignocellulosic in Wood Used as Substrate on the Quality and Yield of Mushrooms, Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2 (2011) 780-784.
  • I.U. Haq, M.A. Khan, S.A. Khan, M. Ahmad, Biochemical Analysis of Fruiting Bodies of Volvariella volvacea Strain Vv pk, Grown on Six Different Substrates, Soil Environ., 30 (2011) 146-150.
  • K. Liu, G.W. Price, Evaluation of Three Composting Systems for the Management of Spent Coffee Grounds, Bioresource Technology, 102 (2011) 7966-7974.
  • M. Colak, E. Baysal, H. Simsek, H. Toker, F. Yilmaz, Cultivation of Agaricus bisporus on Wheat Straw and Waste Tea Leaves Based Composts and Locally Available Casing Materials Part 3: Dry Matter, Protein and Carbohydrate Contents of Agaricus bisporus, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 6 (2007) 2855-2859.
  • A. Mahadevan, R. Sridhar, Methodes in Physiological Plant Pathology, 3rd ed., Sivakami Publications Indira Nagar, Madra, India, pp. 328, (1986).
  • N. Raghuramulu, N.K. Madhavan, S.A. Kalyanasundaram, Manual of Laboratory Techniques, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India, pp. 56-58, (2003).
  • M.N. Owaid, S.S.S. Al-Saeedi I.A. Abed, Mineral elements of white, grey, yellow and pink oyster mushrooms (Higher Basidiomycetes). GIDA, 40 (2015) 319-326.
  • L.M. Ahmed, Studying of effect the substrate in growth and production of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), M.Sc. thesis, College of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Syria, (2010).
  • P. Stamets, J.S. Chilton, The Mushroom Cultivation, A Practical Guide to Growing Mushrooms at Home, Agarikon Press, USA, pp. 15-195, (1983). Composition of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus sajor caju), J. Dairying, Foods & H.S., 28 (2009) 132-136.
  • I.A. Hassan, Effect of sterilization on the yield and storage life of oyster mushroom cultivated on date palm by products, M.Sc. Thesis, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Iraq, (2011).
  • N. Mikiashvili, S.P. Wasswe, E. Nevo, V. Elisashvili, Effects of Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on Pleurotus ostreatus Ligninolytic Enzyme Activity, World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 22 (2006) 999-1002.
  • K.K. Tshinyangu, Effect of Grass Hay Substrate on Nutritional Value of Pleurotus ostreatus var. columbinus, Food / Nahrung, 40 (1996) 79-83.
  • S. Shukla, A.K. Jaitly, Morphological and Biochemical Characterization of Different Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus spp.), Journal of Phytology, 3 (2011) 18-20.
  • J.R. Rampinelli, M.L.L. Silveira, R.M.M. Gern, S.A. Furlan, J.L. Ninow, E. Wisbeck, Nutritional Value of Pleurotus djamor Cultivated in Banana Straw, Alim. Nutr. Araraquara, 21 (2010) 197-202.
  • M.M. Yabraq, I. Elias, H. Mando, Cultivation of oyster mushroom Pleurotus spp., General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Aleppo, Syria, pp. 22, (2009).
  • M.N.O. Alheeti, Biotechnology for local compost preparation used to produce mushroom Agaricus bisporus, M.Sc. thesis, Dep. Biology, College of Science, University of Anbar, Iraq, 129 pp., (2009).
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mustafa Nadhim Owaid This is me

Idham Ali Abed This is me

Sajid Salahuddin Saleem Al-saeedi This is me

Publication Date March 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 45 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Owaid, M. N., Abed, I. A., & Al-saeedi, S. S. S. (2017). Nutraceutical Value of Four Oyster Mushroom Species, Higher Basidiomycetes. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 45(1), 117-123.
AMA Owaid MN, Abed IA, Al-saeedi SSS. Nutraceutical Value of Four Oyster Mushroom Species, Higher Basidiomycetes. HJBC. March 2017;45(1):117-123.
Chicago Owaid, Mustafa Nadhim, Idham Ali Abed, and Sajid Salahuddin Saleem Al-saeedi. “Nutraceutical Value of Four Oyster Mushroom Species, Higher Basidiomycetes”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 45, no. 1 (March 2017): 117-23.
EndNote Owaid MN, Abed IA, Al-saeedi SSS (March 1, 2017) Nutraceutical Value of Four Oyster Mushroom Species, Higher Basidiomycetes. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 45 1 117–123.
IEEE M. N. Owaid, I. A. Abed, and S. S. S. Al-saeedi, “Nutraceutical Value of Four Oyster Mushroom Species, Higher Basidiomycetes”, HJBC, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 117–123, 2017.
ISNAD Owaid, Mustafa Nadhim et al. “Nutraceutical Value of Four Oyster Mushroom Species, Higher Basidiomycetes”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 45/1 (March 2017), 117-123.
JAMA Owaid MN, Abed IA, Al-saeedi SSS. Nutraceutical Value of Four Oyster Mushroom Species, Higher Basidiomycetes. HJBC. 2017;45:117–123.
MLA Owaid, Mustafa Nadhim et al. “Nutraceutical Value of Four Oyster Mushroom Species, Higher Basidiomycetes”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, vol. 45, no. 1, 2017, pp. 117-23.
Vancouver Owaid MN, Abed IA, Al-saeedi SSS. Nutraceutical Value of Four Oyster Mushroom Species, Higher Basidiomycetes. HJBC. 2017;45(1):117-23.

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