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New Chromosome Numbers and Karyotype Analysis of Tordylium (Apiaceae) Species with Emphasis on Their Systematics and Evolutionary Significance

Year 2022, Volume: 50 Issue: 2, 99 - 112, 28.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.898159

Abstract

In Turkey, there are eighteen Tordylium (Apiaceae) species out of twenty in the worldwide and seven of them are endemic. In this research, karyotypes of T. apulum, T. pestalozzae, T. syriacum, T. trachycarpum and karyotypes and chromosome numbers of T. cappadocicum, T. aegaeum, T. hasselquistiae, T. ketenoglui (endemic), T. macropetalum (endemic), T. pustulosum (endemic) are provided for the first time. Tordylium species were separated into five cytotypes according to chromosome numbers as 2n=8, 16, 18, 20 and 22. Besides, idiograms of haploid chromosome set, length of the chromosome arms, arm ratios, centromeric index, relative length and haploid karyotype formulas are given. T. ketenoglui has longest chromosome lengths (3,39–1,66 µm) while T. aegaeum has shortest (1,10–0,59 µm). Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed by quantitified karyological characters. PCA results showed that the median type and haploid chromosome length have significant variants among karyological characters. Also, it is discussed correlation among karyological data, current infrageneric classification and the phylogenetic hypothesis based morphological dataset of Tordylium. Karyological characters are incompatible with current infrageneric classification, similarly with conflict between the phylogenetic hypothesis and infrageneric classification. In the light of the phylogeny, it can be said that the ancestral number is 2n=16.

Supporting Institution

Hacettepe Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi

Project Number

Grant no. 09D05601005

Thanks

This work was supported by the Hacettepe University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Grant no. 09D05601005).

References

  • 1. A. Cronquist, An integrated system of classification of flowering plants, Columbia University Press, Columbia, 1981.
  • 2. M.G. Pimenov, M.V. Leonov, Genera of the Umbelliferae, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Press, London, 1993.
  • 3. I.A. Hamal, A. Langer, A.K. Koul, Nucleolar organizing region in the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), Pl. Syst. Evol., 154 (1986) 11-30. 4. A. Güner, S. Aslan, T. Ekim, M. Vural, M.T. Babaç, Türkiye bitkileri listesi (damarlı bitkiler), Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi Yayınları, İstanbul, 2012.
  • 5. H. Runemark, Studies in the Aegean Flora XIII, Tordylium L. (Umbelliferae), Botaniska Notiser, 21 (1968) 233-258.
  • 6. L. Engstrand, Studies in the Aegean Flora XVIII, Notes and chromosome numbers in Aegean Umbelliferae, Botaniska Notiser, 123 (1970) 384-393.
  • 7. A.M. Cauwet, Contribution à l’étude caryosystematique du genre Bubleurum (Tourn.) L. III, Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France, 118 (1971) 55-68.
  • 8. R. Alava, Tordylium L. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 4, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 1972.
  • 9. J. Contandriopoulos, P. Quézel, Contribution à l’étude de la flore du Taurus et de l’Amanus, Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France, 123 (1976) 415-432.
  • 10. I. Hernstadt, C.C. Heyn, A monographic study of the genus Prangos (Umbelliferae), Boissiera, 26 (1977) 1-91.
  • 11. A.M. Cauwet-Marc, J. Carbonnier, M.T. Cerceau-Larrival, R. Dodin, M. Guyot, Contribution pluridisciplinaire à la connaissance du genre Bupleurum L. Les Ombellifére: Contributions pluridisciplinaires à la systematique, Centre Universitaire de Perpignan, Perpignan, 1978.
  • 12. A. Strid, Chromosome numbers of Turkish mountain plants, An annotated list of 34 taxa, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 44 (1987) 351-356.
  • 13. A. Dağeri, E. Martin, A. Şahin, Cytogenetics of some of the Turkish drogs, Int. J. Nat. Eng. Sci., 1 (2007) 49-53.
  • 14. M. Öztürk, E. Marti̇n, M. Dinç, A. Duran, A. Özdemir, Ö. Çetin, A cytogenetical study on some plants taxa in Nizip region (Aksaray, Turkey), Turk. J. Biol., 33 (2009) 35-44.
  • 15. S.R. Downie, K. Saplik, D.S. Katz-Downie, J.P. Reduron, Major clades Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae as inferred by phylogenetic analysis of nrDNA ITS sequences, Plant. Divers. Evol., 128 (2010) 111-136.
  • 16. D. Al-Eisawi, S.L. Jury, A taxonomic revision of the genus Tordylium L. (Apiaceae), Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 97 (1988) 357-403.
  • 17. A. Duran, H. Duman, Two new species of Umbelliferae from Southern Turkey, Edinb. J. Bot., 56 (1999) 47-53.
  • 18. M.J. Henwood, L.M. Hart, Towards an understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of Australian Hydrocotyloideae (Apiaceae). Edinb. J. Bot., 58 (2001) 269-289.
  • 19. I.C. Hedge, J.M. Lamond, P.H. Davis, H. Pesmen, P.F. Stevens, V.A. Matthews, D.F. Chamberlain, I. Herrnstadt, C.C. Heyn, S. Snogerup, G.H. Leute, R. Alava, J. Cullen, Umbelliferae, Taxonomic characters, usage of terms. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, vol. 4., Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 1972.
  • 20. A.P. De Candolle, Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, vol. 4, Treuttel and Würtz, Parisiis, 1830.
  • 21. P.E. Boissier, Plantae Aucheriana, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 3 (1844) 343-349.
  • 22. P.E. Boissier, Flora Orientalis, vol. 2., apud H. Georg Bibliopolam, Genevae and Basileae, 1872.
  • 23. P.E. Boissier, Flora Orientalis, supplementum, apud H. Georg Bibliopolam, Genevae and Basileae, 1888.
  • 24. C.G.O. Drude, Umbelliferae, Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien, vol. 8, W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 1898.
  • 25. A. Doğru-Koca, Phylogeny of the genus Tordylium (Tordylineae, Apioideae, Apiaceae) inferred from morphological data, Nord. J. Bot., 34 (2016) 111-119.
  • 26. P. Dimopoulos, T. Raus, E. Bergmeier, T. Constantinidis, G. Iatrou, S. Kokkini, A. Strid, D. Tzanoudakis, Vascular plants of Greece, An annotated checklist, Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin, Hellenic Botanical Society, Athens, 2013.
  • 27. POWO, The Plants of the World Online, Tordylium, Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Published on the Internet, http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ [accessed 1 March 2021].
  • 28. D.M. Moore, Chromosome studies in the Umbelliferae, Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 64 (1971) 233-255.
  • 29. S. Tamaschjan, Materialen zur caryosystematik der kultivierten und wilden Umbelliferae, Bulletin of Applied Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2 (1933) 137-161.
  • 30. A. Garde, N. Garde, Contribuicao para o estudio cariologico da familia Umbelliferae, III, Broteria, 23 (1954) 5-25.
  • 31. L. Constance, T.I. Chuang, C.R. Bell, Chromosome numbers in Umbelliferae IV, Am. J. Bot., 58 (1971) 577-587.
  • 32. L. Constance, T.I. Chuang, C.R. Bell, Chromosome numbers in Umbelliferae V, Am. J. Bot., 63 (1976) 608-625.
  • 33. R. Capineri, G. D’Amato, P. Marchi, Numeri cromosomici per la Flora Italiana: 534-583, Inf. Bot. Ital., 10 (1978) 421-465.
  • 34. S. Silvestre, Contribucion al estudio cariologicos de la familia Umbelliferae en la peninsula Iberica, Lagascalia, 7 (1978) 163-172.
  • 35. A. Strid, R. Franzén, Chromosome number reports LXXIII, Taxon, 30 (1981) 829-842.
  • 36. A.M. Geldykhanov, Chromosome numbers in some species of the family Apiaceae from Turkmenia, Bot. Z., 71 (1986) 1144.
  • 37. D. Al-Eisawi, Chromosome counts of Umbelliferae of Jordan, Ann. di Bot., 47 (1989) 201-214.
  • 38. S. Silvestre, Números cromosomáticos para la flora Española, Lagascalia, 17 (1993) 151-160.
  • 39. M. Baltisberger, E. Baltisberger, Cytological data of Albanian plants, Candollea, 50 (1995) 457-493.
  • 40. C. Dobes, B. Hahn, W. Moravetz, Chromosomenzahlen zur Gefässpflanzen-Flora Österreich, Linz. Biol. Beitr., 29 (1997) 5-43.
  • 41. R. Vogt, A. Aparicio, Chromosome numbers of plants collected during Iter Mediterraneum IV in Cyprus, Bocconea, 11 (1999) 117-169.
  • 42. G. Kamari, C. Blanche, S. Siliak-Yakovlev, Mediterranean chromosome number reports, Flora Mediterr., 18 (2008) 563-610.
  • 43. A. Levan, K. Fredga, A.A. Sandberg, Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes, Hereditas, 52 (1964) 201-220.
  • 44. Ø. Hammer, D.A.T. Harper, P.D. Ryan, PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis, Palaeontol. Electron., 4 (2001) 1-9.
  • 45. A.N. Gömürgen, C. Doğan, E. Özmen, B. Başer, H. Altınözlü, Chromosome number, karyotype analysis and pollen morphology of Turkish endemic Tordylium elegans (Boiss. and Bal.) Alava and Hub.-Mor. (Apiaceae), Pak. J. Bot., 43 (2011) 1803-1807.
Year 2022, Volume: 50 Issue: 2, 99 - 112, 28.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.898159

Abstract

Project Number

Grant no. 09D05601005

References

  • 1. A. Cronquist, An integrated system of classification of flowering plants, Columbia University Press, Columbia, 1981.
  • 2. M.G. Pimenov, M.V. Leonov, Genera of the Umbelliferae, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Press, London, 1993.
  • 3. I.A. Hamal, A. Langer, A.K. Koul, Nucleolar organizing region in the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), Pl. Syst. Evol., 154 (1986) 11-30. 4. A. Güner, S. Aslan, T. Ekim, M. Vural, M.T. Babaç, Türkiye bitkileri listesi (damarlı bitkiler), Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi Yayınları, İstanbul, 2012.
  • 5. H. Runemark, Studies in the Aegean Flora XIII, Tordylium L. (Umbelliferae), Botaniska Notiser, 21 (1968) 233-258.
  • 6. L. Engstrand, Studies in the Aegean Flora XVIII, Notes and chromosome numbers in Aegean Umbelliferae, Botaniska Notiser, 123 (1970) 384-393.
  • 7. A.M. Cauwet, Contribution à l’étude caryosystematique du genre Bubleurum (Tourn.) L. III, Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France, 118 (1971) 55-68.
  • 8. R. Alava, Tordylium L. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 4, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 1972.
  • 9. J. Contandriopoulos, P. Quézel, Contribution à l’étude de la flore du Taurus et de l’Amanus, Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France, 123 (1976) 415-432.
  • 10. I. Hernstadt, C.C. Heyn, A monographic study of the genus Prangos (Umbelliferae), Boissiera, 26 (1977) 1-91.
  • 11. A.M. Cauwet-Marc, J. Carbonnier, M.T. Cerceau-Larrival, R. Dodin, M. Guyot, Contribution pluridisciplinaire à la connaissance du genre Bupleurum L. Les Ombellifére: Contributions pluridisciplinaires à la systematique, Centre Universitaire de Perpignan, Perpignan, 1978.
  • 12. A. Strid, Chromosome numbers of Turkish mountain plants, An annotated list of 34 taxa, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 44 (1987) 351-356.
  • 13. A. Dağeri, E. Martin, A. Şahin, Cytogenetics of some of the Turkish drogs, Int. J. Nat. Eng. Sci., 1 (2007) 49-53.
  • 14. M. Öztürk, E. Marti̇n, M. Dinç, A. Duran, A. Özdemir, Ö. Çetin, A cytogenetical study on some plants taxa in Nizip region (Aksaray, Turkey), Turk. J. Biol., 33 (2009) 35-44.
  • 15. S.R. Downie, K. Saplik, D.S. Katz-Downie, J.P. Reduron, Major clades Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae as inferred by phylogenetic analysis of nrDNA ITS sequences, Plant. Divers. Evol., 128 (2010) 111-136.
  • 16. D. Al-Eisawi, S.L. Jury, A taxonomic revision of the genus Tordylium L. (Apiaceae), Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 97 (1988) 357-403.
  • 17. A. Duran, H. Duman, Two new species of Umbelliferae from Southern Turkey, Edinb. J. Bot., 56 (1999) 47-53.
  • 18. M.J. Henwood, L.M. Hart, Towards an understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of Australian Hydrocotyloideae (Apiaceae). Edinb. J. Bot., 58 (2001) 269-289.
  • 19. I.C. Hedge, J.M. Lamond, P.H. Davis, H. Pesmen, P.F. Stevens, V.A. Matthews, D.F. Chamberlain, I. Herrnstadt, C.C. Heyn, S. Snogerup, G.H. Leute, R. Alava, J. Cullen, Umbelliferae, Taxonomic characters, usage of terms. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, vol. 4., Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 1972.
  • 20. A.P. De Candolle, Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, vol. 4, Treuttel and Würtz, Parisiis, 1830.
  • 21. P.E. Boissier, Plantae Aucheriana, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 3 (1844) 343-349.
  • 22. P.E. Boissier, Flora Orientalis, vol. 2., apud H. Georg Bibliopolam, Genevae and Basileae, 1872.
  • 23. P.E. Boissier, Flora Orientalis, supplementum, apud H. Georg Bibliopolam, Genevae and Basileae, 1888.
  • 24. C.G.O. Drude, Umbelliferae, Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien, vol. 8, W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 1898.
  • 25. A. Doğru-Koca, Phylogeny of the genus Tordylium (Tordylineae, Apioideae, Apiaceae) inferred from morphological data, Nord. J. Bot., 34 (2016) 111-119.
  • 26. P. Dimopoulos, T. Raus, E. Bergmeier, T. Constantinidis, G. Iatrou, S. Kokkini, A. Strid, D. Tzanoudakis, Vascular plants of Greece, An annotated checklist, Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin, Hellenic Botanical Society, Athens, 2013.
  • 27. POWO, The Plants of the World Online, Tordylium, Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Published on the Internet, http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ [accessed 1 March 2021].
  • 28. D.M. Moore, Chromosome studies in the Umbelliferae, Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 64 (1971) 233-255.
  • 29. S. Tamaschjan, Materialen zur caryosystematik der kultivierten und wilden Umbelliferae, Bulletin of Applied Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2 (1933) 137-161.
  • 30. A. Garde, N. Garde, Contribuicao para o estudio cariologico da familia Umbelliferae, III, Broteria, 23 (1954) 5-25.
  • 31. L. Constance, T.I. Chuang, C.R. Bell, Chromosome numbers in Umbelliferae IV, Am. J. Bot., 58 (1971) 577-587.
  • 32. L. Constance, T.I. Chuang, C.R. Bell, Chromosome numbers in Umbelliferae V, Am. J. Bot., 63 (1976) 608-625.
  • 33. R. Capineri, G. D’Amato, P. Marchi, Numeri cromosomici per la Flora Italiana: 534-583, Inf. Bot. Ital., 10 (1978) 421-465.
  • 34. S. Silvestre, Contribucion al estudio cariologicos de la familia Umbelliferae en la peninsula Iberica, Lagascalia, 7 (1978) 163-172.
  • 35. A. Strid, R. Franzén, Chromosome number reports LXXIII, Taxon, 30 (1981) 829-842.
  • 36. A.M. Geldykhanov, Chromosome numbers in some species of the family Apiaceae from Turkmenia, Bot. Z., 71 (1986) 1144.
  • 37. D. Al-Eisawi, Chromosome counts of Umbelliferae of Jordan, Ann. di Bot., 47 (1989) 201-214.
  • 38. S. Silvestre, Números cromosomáticos para la flora Española, Lagascalia, 17 (1993) 151-160.
  • 39. M. Baltisberger, E. Baltisberger, Cytological data of Albanian plants, Candollea, 50 (1995) 457-493.
  • 40. C. Dobes, B. Hahn, W. Moravetz, Chromosomenzahlen zur Gefässpflanzen-Flora Österreich, Linz. Biol. Beitr., 29 (1997) 5-43.
  • 41. R. Vogt, A. Aparicio, Chromosome numbers of plants collected during Iter Mediterraneum IV in Cyprus, Bocconea, 11 (1999) 117-169.
  • 42. G. Kamari, C. Blanche, S. Siliak-Yakovlev, Mediterranean chromosome number reports, Flora Mediterr., 18 (2008) 563-610.
  • 43. A. Levan, K. Fredga, A.A. Sandberg, Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes, Hereditas, 52 (1964) 201-220.
  • 44. Ø. Hammer, D.A.T. Harper, P.D. Ryan, PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis, Palaeontol. Electron., 4 (2001) 1-9.
  • 45. A.N. Gömürgen, C. Doğan, E. Özmen, B. Başer, H. Altınözlü, Chromosome number, karyotype analysis and pollen morphology of Turkish endemic Tordylium elegans (Boiss. and Bal.) Alava and Hub.-Mor. (Apiaceae), Pak. J. Bot., 43 (2011) 1803-1807.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Nihal Gömürgen 0000-0002-0521-373X

Aslı Doğru Koca 0000-0001-7477-0225

Edibe Özmen Baysal 0000-0002-6991-376X

Cahit Doğan 0000-0002-9627-8300

Haşim Altınözlü 0000-0001-7393-6959

Project Number Grant no. 09D05601005
Publication Date February 28, 2022
Acceptance Date July 20, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 50 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Gömürgen, N., Doğru Koca, A., Özmen Baysal, E., Doğan, C., et al. (2022). New Chromosome Numbers and Karyotype Analysis of Tordylium (Apiaceae) Species with Emphasis on Their Systematics and Evolutionary Significance. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 50(2), 99-112. https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.898159
AMA Gömürgen N, Doğru Koca A, Özmen Baysal E, Doğan C, Altınözlü H. New Chromosome Numbers and Karyotype Analysis of Tordylium (Apiaceae) Species with Emphasis on Their Systematics and Evolutionary Significance. HJBC. February 2022;50(2):99-112. doi:10.15671/hjbc.898159
Chicago Gömürgen, Nihal, Aslı Doğru Koca, Edibe Özmen Baysal, Cahit Doğan, and Haşim Altınözlü. “New Chromosome Numbers and Karyotype Analysis of Tordylium (Apiaceae) Species With Emphasis on Their Systematics and Evolutionary Significance”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 50, no. 2 (February 2022): 99-112. https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.898159.
EndNote Gömürgen N, Doğru Koca A, Özmen Baysal E, Doğan C, Altınözlü H (February 1, 2022) New Chromosome Numbers and Karyotype Analysis of Tordylium (Apiaceae) Species with Emphasis on Their Systematics and Evolutionary Significance. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 50 2 99–112.
IEEE N. Gömürgen, A. Doğru Koca, E. Özmen Baysal, C. Doğan, and H. Altınözlü, “New Chromosome Numbers and Karyotype Analysis of Tordylium (Apiaceae) Species with Emphasis on Their Systematics and Evolutionary Significance”, HJBC, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 99–112, 2022, doi: 10.15671/hjbc.898159.
ISNAD Gömürgen, Nihal et al. “New Chromosome Numbers and Karyotype Analysis of Tordylium (Apiaceae) Species With Emphasis on Their Systematics and Evolutionary Significance”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 50/2 (February 2022), 99-112. https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.898159.
JAMA Gömürgen N, Doğru Koca A, Özmen Baysal E, Doğan C, Altınözlü H. New Chromosome Numbers and Karyotype Analysis of Tordylium (Apiaceae) Species with Emphasis on Their Systematics and Evolutionary Significance. HJBC. 2022;50:99–112.
MLA Gömürgen, Nihal et al. “New Chromosome Numbers and Karyotype Analysis of Tordylium (Apiaceae) Species With Emphasis on Their Systematics and Evolutionary Significance”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, vol. 50, no. 2, 2022, pp. 99-112, doi:10.15671/hjbc.898159.
Vancouver Gömürgen N, Doğru Koca A, Özmen Baysal E, Doğan C, Altınözlü H. New Chromosome Numbers and Karyotype Analysis of Tordylium (Apiaceae) Species with Emphasis on Their Systematics and Evolutionary Significance. HJBC. 2022;50(2):99-112.

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