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Tümör Nekrozis Faktörü-alfa biyobelirteç tayini için pratik ve tek kullanımlık ITO-PET bazlı immunosensör platformu

Year 2023, Volume: 51 Issue: 2, 201 - 214, 01.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.1215813

Abstract

Bu araştırma, Tümör Nekrozis Faktörü-alfa (TNFa) biyobelirteç tayini için yeni, pratik bir indiyum kalay oksit-polietilen tereftalat (ITO-PET) bazlı elektrokimyasal biyosensörü göstermektedir. ITO-PET elektrodu çok avantajlı olarak tercih edilen bir yarı iletken elektrot malzemesidir. Hazırlanmasının kolay olması, ucuz olması, esnekliği, sağlamlığı gibi bir çok iyi özelliği vardır. Ayrıca çok düşük konsantrasyonlarda bir analitin belirlenmesine izin verir ve analit analizi için çok geniş bir konsantrasyon aralığı sağlar. İmmobilizasyon prosedürü, optimum koşulların araştırılması ve biyosensörlerin karakterizasyonu dahil olmak üzere biyosensörlerin değerlendirilmesi için Elektrokimyasal Empedans Spektroskopisi (EIS) ve Döngüsel Voltametri (CV) kullanıldı. İmmünosensörün immobilizasyon işlemi sırasında elektrot yüzey morfolojisi bir Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) kullanılarak gözlendi. Ayrıca, anti-TNFα ve TNFα etkileşimlerini karakterize etmek için tek bir frekansta empedans (SFI) ölçümü kullanıldı. Geliştirilen biyosensörün klinik etkinliği, gerçek insan serum numuneleri ile test edilerek araştırıldı. Ayrıca, tasarlanan immünosensör uzun raf ömrü, pikogram düzeyinde antijen konsantrasyonlarının analizi (0.02 pg mL-1 -2.56 pg mL-1), tekrar üretilebilirlik, yeniden kullanılabilirlik (11 kez) ve yüksek hassasiyet sunar.

Supporting Institution

TÜRKİYE BİLİMSEL VE TEKNOLOJİK ARAŞTIRMA KURUMU

Project Number

113 Z 678

References

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  • A.G. Alotaibi, J.V. Li, N.J. Gooderham, Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) enhances dietary carcinogen-induced DNA damage in colorectal cancer epithelial cells through activation of JNK signaling pathway, Toxicology, 457 (2021) 152806.
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  • D. Cruceriu, O. Baldasici, O. Balacescu, I. Berindan-Neagoe, The dual role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in breast cancer: molecular insights and therapeutic approaches, Cell. Oncol., 43 (2020) 1-18.
  • A.A. Abdellatif, M. Alsharidah, O. Al Rugaie, H.M. Tawfeek, N.S. Tolba, Silver nanoparticle-coated ethyl cellulose inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α of breast cancer cells, Drug Des. Devel. Ther., 15 (2021) 2035-2046.
  • B. Özcan, M.K. Sezgintürk, Fabrication of an ultrasensitive and single-use graphite paper based immunosensor for Neuropeptide Y detection: A promising biosensing system for early detection of childhood obesity, Mater. Today Commun., 33 (2022) 104797.
  • B. Demirbakan, M.K. Sezgintürk, An electrochemical immunosensor based on graphite paper electrodes for the sensitive detection of creatine kinase in actual samples, J. Electroanal. Chem., 921 (2022) 116656.
  • 1A. Azzouz, L. Hejji, K.H. Kim, D. Kukkar, B. Souhail, N. Bhardwaj, R.J.C. Brown, W. Zhang, Advances in surface plasmon resonance–based biosensor technologies for cancer biomarker detection, Biosens. Bioelectron., 197 (2022) 113767.
  • C. Ozyurt, I. Uludağ, B. Ince, M.K. Sezginturk, Biosensing strategies for diagnosis of prostate specific antigen, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 209 (2021) 114535.
  • I.M. Mostafa, Y. Tian, S. Anjum, S. Hanif, M. Hosseini, B. Lou, G. Xu, Comprehensive review on the electrochemical biosensors of different breast cancer biomarkers, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 365 (2022) 131944.
  • A. Mohammadpour-Haratbar, Y. Zare, K.Y. Rhee, Electrochemical biosensors based on polymer nanocomposites for detecting breast cancer: Recent progress and future prospects, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 309 (2022) 102795.
  • Y. Li, R. Han, X. Yu, M. Chen, Q. Chao, X. Luo, An antifouling and antibacterial electrochemical biosensor for detecting aminopeptidase N cancer biomarker in human urine, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 373 (2022) 132723.
  • A. Khodadoust, N. Nasirizadeh, S.M. Seyfati, R.A. Taheri, M. Ghanei, H. Bagheri, High-performance strategy for the construction of electrochemical biosensor for simultaneous detection of miRNA-141 and miRNA-21 as lung cancer biomarkers, Talanta, 252 (2023) 123863.
  • M. Çalışkan, B. Vural, M.K. Sezgintürk, A Novel Disposable Immunosensor for Early Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases, ChemistrySelect, 7 (2022) e202200061.
  • Y. Wang, B. Sun, H. Wei, Y. Li, F. Hu, X. Du, J. Chen, Investigating immunosensor for determination of depression marker-Apo-A4 based on patterning AuNPs and N-Gr nanomaterials onto ITO-PET flexible electrodes with amplifying signal, Anal. Chim. Acta., 1224 (2022) 340217.
  • I. Uludağ, M.K. Sezgintürk, Ultrasensitive and Cost-Effective Detection of Neuropeptide-Y by a Disposable Immunosensor: A New Functionalization Route for Indium-Tin Oxide Surface, Biosensors, 12 (2022) 925.
  • L. Kinner, M. Bauch, R.A. Wibowo, G. Ligorio, E.J. List-Kratochvil, T. Dimopoulos, Polymer interlayers on flexible PET substrates enabling ultra-high performance, ITO-free dielectric/metal/dielectric transparent electrode, Mater. Des., 168 (2019) 107663.
  • M. Mousavi, E. Fini, Silanization mechanism of silica nanoparticles in bitumen using 3-Aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) and 3-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS), ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 8 (2020) 3231-3240.
  • W. Ran, H. Zhu, X. Shen, Y. Zhang, Rheological properties of asphalt mortar with silane coupling agent modified oil sludge pyrolysis residue, Constr Build Mater., 329 (2022) 127057.
  • A. Villalonga, I. Estabiel, A.M. Pérez-Calabuig, B. Mayol, C. Parrado, R. Villalonga, Amperometric aptasensor with sandwich-type architecture for troponin I based on carboxyethylsilanetriol-modified graphene oxide coated electrodes, Biosens. Bioelectron., 183 (2021) 113203.
  • T. Aziz, A. Ullah, H. Fan, M.I. Jamil, F.U. Khan, R. Ullah, M. Iqbal, A. Ali, B. Ullah, Recent progress in silane coupling agent with its emerging applications, J Polym. Environ., 29 (2021) 3427-3443.
  • N.O. Laschuk, E.B. Easton, O.V. Zenkina, Reducing the resistance for the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis in materials chemistry, RSC Adv., 11 (2021) 27925-27936.
  • H.W. Wang, C. Bringans, A.J. Hickey, J.A. Windsor, P.A. Kilmartin, A.R. Phillips, Cyclic Voltammetry in Biological Samples: A Systematic Review of Methods and Techniques Applicable to Clinical Settings, Signals, 2 (2021) 138-158.
  • D.M. Solís, N. Engheta, Functional analysis of the polarization response in linear time-varying media: A generalization of the Kramers-Kronig relations, Phys. Rev. B., 103 (2021) 144303.
  • N. Togasaki, T. Yokoshima, Y. Oguma, T. Osaka, Detection of Unbalanced Voltage Cells in Series-connected Lithium-ion Batteries Using Single-frequency Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, J. Electrochem. Sci. Technol., 12 (2021) 415-423.
  • S. Gao, Y. Cheng, S. Zhang, X. Zheng, J. Wu, A biolayer interferometry-based, aptamer–antibody receptor pair biosensor for real-time, sensitive, and specific detection of the disease biomarker TNF-α, Chem. Eng. J., 433 (2022) 133268.
  • G. Li, W. Wu, X. Zhang, Y. Huang, Y. Wen, X. Li, R. Gao, Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with IgA nephropathy are closely associated with disease severity, BMC Nephrol., 19 (2018) 1-9.
  • P. Razmshoar, S.H. Bahrami, M. Rabiee, M. Hangouet, M. Martin, A. Errachid, N. Jaffrezic-Renault, A novel electrochemical immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of tumor necrosis factor α based on polystyrene-PAMAM dendritic polymer blend nanofibers, Microchem. J., 175 (2022) 107206.
  • M.M. Ardakani, L. Hosseinzadeh, A. Khoshroo, Label-free electrochemical immunosensor for detection of tumor necrosis factor α based on fullerene-functionalized carbon nanotubes/ionic liquid, J. Electroanal. Chem., 757 (2015) 58-64.
  • H.B. Halima, F.G. Bellagambi, A. Alcacer, N. Pfeiffer, A. Heuberger, M. Hangouët, N. Zine, J. Bausells, A. Elaissari, A. Errachid, A silicon nitride ISFET based immunosensor for tumor necrosis factor-alpha detection in saliva. A promising tool for heart failure monitoring, Anal. Chim. Acta., 1161 (2021) 338468.
  • L. Barhoumi, A. Baraket, F.G. Bellagambi, G.S. Karanasiou, M.B. Ali, D.I. Fotiadis, J. Bausells, N. Zine, M. Sigaud, A. Errachid, A novel chronoamperometric immunosensor for rapid detection of TNF-α in human saliva, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 266 (2018) 477-484.

A practical and single-use ITO-PET based immunosensing platform for detection of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha biomarker

Year 2023, Volume: 51 Issue: 2, 201 - 214, 01.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.1215813

Abstract

This investigation displays a novel, practical indium tin oxide- polyethylene terephthalate (ITO-PET) based electrochemical biosensor for the Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFα) biomarker determination. The ITO-PET electrode is a very advantageous preferred semiconductive electrode material. It has a lot of great features such as easy to prepare, cheapness, flexibility, stability. It also allows determining an analyte at very low concentrations and provides a great wide concentration range for analyte analysis. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) were used for the evaluation of biosensors, including the immobilization procedure, the investigation of the optimum conditions, and the characterization of biosensors. The immunosensor's electrode surface morphology during the immobilization process was observed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). In addition, Impedance measurement at a single frequency was used to characterize anti-TNFα and TNFα interactions (SFI). The clinical effectiveness of the developed biosensor was investigated by testing it with real human serum samples. Moreover, the fabricated immunosensor presents long shelf life, analysis of the antigen concentrations at picogram level (0.02 pg mL-1 -2.56 pg mL-1), reproducibility, reusability (11 times) and high sensitivity.

Project Number

113 Z 678

References

  • S.M.I. Bari, L.G. Reis, G.G. Nestorova, Calorimetric sandwich-type immunosensor for quantification of TNF-α, Biosens. Bioelectron., 126 (2019) 82-87.
  • H. Filik, A.A. Avan, Electrochemical immunosensors for the detection of cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha: a review, Talanta, 211 (2020) 120758.
  • X. Mei, J. Wang, C. Zhang, J. Zhu, B. Liu, Q. Xie, T. Yuhan, Y. Wu, R. Chen, X. Xie, Y. Wei, L. Wang, G. Shao, Q. Xiong, Y. Xu, Z. Feng, Z. Zhang, Apigenin suppresses mycoplasma-induced alveolar macrophages necroptosis via enhancing the methylation of TNF-α promoter by PPARγ-Uhrf1 axis, Phytomedicine, 108 (2023) 154504.
  • I.A. Bhat, I.R. Mir, G.H. Malik, J.I. Mir, T.A. Dar, S. Nisar, N.A. Naik, Z. Sabah, Z.A. Shah, Comparative study of TNF-α and vitamin D reveals a significant role of TNF-α in NSCLC in an ethnically conserved vitamin D deficient population, Cytokine, 160 (2022) 156039.
  • X. Fan, X. Xu, X. Wu, R. Xia, F. Gao, Q. Zhang, W. Sun, The protective effect of DNA aptamer on osteonecrosis of the femoral head by alleviating TNF-α-mediated necroptosis via RIP1/RIP3/MLKL pathway, J. Orthop. Translat., 36 (2022) 44-51.
  • M.D.C. Surboyo, R.M. Boedi, N. Hariyani, A.B.R. Santosh, I.B.P.P. Manuaba, P.H. Cecilia, I.G.A.D. Ambarawati, A.E. Parmadiati, D.S. Ernawati, The expression of TNF-α in recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Cytokine, 157 (2022) 155946.
  • C.W. Hu, Y.C. Chang, C.H. Liu, Y.A. Yu, K.Y. Mou, Development of a TNF-α-mediated Trojan Horse for bacteria-based cancer therapy, Mol. Ther., 30 (2022) 2522-2536.
  • A. Ghods, F. Mehdipour, R. Rasolmali, A.R. Talei, A. Ghaderi, The expression pattern of membranous TNF-α is distinct from its intracellular form in breast cancer-draining lymph nodes, Clin. Immunol., 238 (2022) 109026.
  • A.J. Freeman, C.J. Kearney, J. Silke, J. Oliaro, Unleashing TNF cytotoxicity to enhance cancer immunotherapy, Trends Immunol., 42 (2021) 1128-1142.
  • A.G. Alotaibi, J.V. Li, N.J. Gooderham, Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) enhances dietary carcinogen-induced DNA damage in colorectal cancer epithelial cells through activation of JNK signaling pathway, Toxicology, 457 (2021) 152806.
  • H. Kitaura, A. Marahleh, F. Ohori, T. Noguchi, Y. Nara, A. Pramusita, K. Ma, K. Kanou, I. Mizoguchi, Role of the interaction of tumor necrosis factor-α and tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 in bone-related cells, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23 (2022) 1481.
  • M. Liu, Y. Li, X. Liu, Serum tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6, and interleukin‐17 relate to anxiety and depression risks to some extent in non‐small cell lung cancer survivor, Clin Respir J., 16 (2022) 105-115.
  • D. Cruceriu, O. Baldasici, O. Balacescu, I. Berindan-Neagoe, The dual role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in breast cancer: molecular insights and therapeutic approaches, Cell. Oncol., 43 (2020) 1-18.
  • A.A. Abdellatif, M. Alsharidah, O. Al Rugaie, H.M. Tawfeek, N.S. Tolba, Silver nanoparticle-coated ethyl cellulose inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α of breast cancer cells, Drug Des. Devel. Ther., 15 (2021) 2035-2046.
  • B. Özcan, M.K. Sezgintürk, Fabrication of an ultrasensitive and single-use graphite paper based immunosensor for Neuropeptide Y detection: A promising biosensing system for early detection of childhood obesity, Mater. Today Commun., 33 (2022) 104797.
  • B. Demirbakan, M.K. Sezgintürk, An electrochemical immunosensor based on graphite paper electrodes for the sensitive detection of creatine kinase in actual samples, J. Electroanal. Chem., 921 (2022) 116656.
  • 1A. Azzouz, L. Hejji, K.H. Kim, D. Kukkar, B. Souhail, N. Bhardwaj, R.J.C. Brown, W. Zhang, Advances in surface plasmon resonance–based biosensor technologies for cancer biomarker detection, Biosens. Bioelectron., 197 (2022) 113767.
  • C. Ozyurt, I. Uludağ, B. Ince, M.K. Sezginturk, Biosensing strategies for diagnosis of prostate specific antigen, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 209 (2021) 114535.
  • I.M. Mostafa, Y. Tian, S. Anjum, S. Hanif, M. Hosseini, B. Lou, G. Xu, Comprehensive review on the electrochemical biosensors of different breast cancer biomarkers, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 365 (2022) 131944.
  • A. Mohammadpour-Haratbar, Y. Zare, K.Y. Rhee, Electrochemical biosensors based on polymer nanocomposites for detecting breast cancer: Recent progress and future prospects, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 309 (2022) 102795.
  • Y. Li, R. Han, X. Yu, M. Chen, Q. Chao, X. Luo, An antifouling and antibacterial electrochemical biosensor for detecting aminopeptidase N cancer biomarker in human urine, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 373 (2022) 132723.
  • A. Khodadoust, N. Nasirizadeh, S.M. Seyfati, R.A. Taheri, M. Ghanei, H. Bagheri, High-performance strategy for the construction of electrochemical biosensor for simultaneous detection of miRNA-141 and miRNA-21 as lung cancer biomarkers, Talanta, 252 (2023) 123863.
  • M. Çalışkan, B. Vural, M.K. Sezgintürk, A Novel Disposable Immunosensor for Early Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases, ChemistrySelect, 7 (2022) e202200061.
  • Y. Wang, B. Sun, H. Wei, Y. Li, F. Hu, X. Du, J. Chen, Investigating immunosensor for determination of depression marker-Apo-A4 based on patterning AuNPs and N-Gr nanomaterials onto ITO-PET flexible electrodes with amplifying signal, Anal. Chim. Acta., 1224 (2022) 340217.
  • I. Uludağ, M.K. Sezgintürk, Ultrasensitive and Cost-Effective Detection of Neuropeptide-Y by a Disposable Immunosensor: A New Functionalization Route for Indium-Tin Oxide Surface, Biosensors, 12 (2022) 925.
  • L. Kinner, M. Bauch, R.A. Wibowo, G. Ligorio, E.J. List-Kratochvil, T. Dimopoulos, Polymer interlayers on flexible PET substrates enabling ultra-high performance, ITO-free dielectric/metal/dielectric transparent electrode, Mater. Des., 168 (2019) 107663.
  • M. Mousavi, E. Fini, Silanization mechanism of silica nanoparticles in bitumen using 3-Aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) and 3-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS), ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 8 (2020) 3231-3240.
  • W. Ran, H. Zhu, X. Shen, Y. Zhang, Rheological properties of asphalt mortar with silane coupling agent modified oil sludge pyrolysis residue, Constr Build Mater., 329 (2022) 127057.
  • A. Villalonga, I. Estabiel, A.M. Pérez-Calabuig, B. Mayol, C. Parrado, R. Villalonga, Amperometric aptasensor with sandwich-type architecture for troponin I based on carboxyethylsilanetriol-modified graphene oxide coated electrodes, Biosens. Bioelectron., 183 (2021) 113203.
  • T. Aziz, A. Ullah, H. Fan, M.I. Jamil, F.U. Khan, R. Ullah, M. Iqbal, A. Ali, B. Ullah, Recent progress in silane coupling agent with its emerging applications, J Polym. Environ., 29 (2021) 3427-3443.
  • N.O. Laschuk, E.B. Easton, O.V. Zenkina, Reducing the resistance for the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis in materials chemistry, RSC Adv., 11 (2021) 27925-27936.
  • H.W. Wang, C. Bringans, A.J. Hickey, J.A. Windsor, P.A. Kilmartin, A.R. Phillips, Cyclic Voltammetry in Biological Samples: A Systematic Review of Methods and Techniques Applicable to Clinical Settings, Signals, 2 (2021) 138-158.
  • D.M. Solís, N. Engheta, Functional analysis of the polarization response in linear time-varying media: A generalization of the Kramers-Kronig relations, Phys. Rev. B., 103 (2021) 144303.
  • N. Togasaki, T. Yokoshima, Y. Oguma, T. Osaka, Detection of Unbalanced Voltage Cells in Series-connected Lithium-ion Batteries Using Single-frequency Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, J. Electrochem. Sci. Technol., 12 (2021) 415-423.
  • S. Gao, Y. Cheng, S. Zhang, X. Zheng, J. Wu, A biolayer interferometry-based, aptamer–antibody receptor pair biosensor for real-time, sensitive, and specific detection of the disease biomarker TNF-α, Chem. Eng. J., 433 (2022) 133268.
  • G. Li, W. Wu, X. Zhang, Y. Huang, Y. Wen, X. Li, R. Gao, Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with IgA nephropathy are closely associated with disease severity, BMC Nephrol., 19 (2018) 1-9.
  • P. Razmshoar, S.H. Bahrami, M. Rabiee, M. Hangouet, M. Martin, A. Errachid, N. Jaffrezic-Renault, A novel electrochemical immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of tumor necrosis factor α based on polystyrene-PAMAM dendritic polymer blend nanofibers, Microchem. J., 175 (2022) 107206.
  • M.M. Ardakani, L. Hosseinzadeh, A. Khoshroo, Label-free electrochemical immunosensor for detection of tumor necrosis factor α based on fullerene-functionalized carbon nanotubes/ionic liquid, J. Electroanal. Chem., 757 (2015) 58-64.
  • H.B. Halima, F.G. Bellagambi, A. Alcacer, N. Pfeiffer, A. Heuberger, M. Hangouët, N. Zine, J. Bausells, A. Elaissari, A. Errachid, A silicon nitride ISFET based immunosensor for tumor necrosis factor-alpha detection in saliva. A promising tool for heart failure monitoring, Anal. Chim. Acta., 1161 (2021) 338468.
  • L. Barhoumi, A. Baraket, F.G. Bellagambi, G.S. Karanasiou, M.B. Ali, D.I. Fotiadis, J. Bausells, N. Zine, M. Sigaud, A. Errachid, A novel chronoamperometric immunosensor for rapid detection of TNF-α in human saliva, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 266 (2018) 477-484.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Burcu Özcan 0000-0002-5123-5972

Project Number 113 Z 678
Publication Date April 1, 2023
Acceptance Date January 20, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 51 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özcan, B. (2023). A practical and single-use ITO-PET based immunosensing platform for detection of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha biomarker. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 51(2), 201-214. https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.1215813
AMA Özcan B. A practical and single-use ITO-PET based immunosensing platform for detection of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha biomarker. HJBC. April 2023;51(2):201-214. doi:10.15671/hjbc.1215813
Chicago Özcan, Burcu. “A Practical and Single-Use ITO-PET Based Immunosensing Platform for Detection of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Biomarker”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 51, no. 2 (April 2023): 201-14. https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.1215813.
EndNote Özcan B (April 1, 2023) A practical and single-use ITO-PET based immunosensing platform for detection of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha biomarker. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 51 2 201–214.
IEEE B. Özcan, “A practical and single-use ITO-PET based immunosensing platform for detection of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha biomarker”, HJBC, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 201–214, 2023, doi: 10.15671/hjbc.1215813.
ISNAD Özcan, Burcu. “A Practical and Single-Use ITO-PET Based Immunosensing Platform for Detection of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Biomarker”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 51/2 (April 2023), 201-214. https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.1215813.
JAMA Özcan B. A practical and single-use ITO-PET based immunosensing platform for detection of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha biomarker. HJBC. 2023;51:201–214.
MLA Özcan, Burcu. “A Practical and Single-Use ITO-PET Based Immunosensing Platform for Detection of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Biomarker”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, vol. 51, no. 2, 2023, pp. 201-14, doi:10.15671/hjbc.1215813.
Vancouver Özcan B. A practical and single-use ITO-PET based immunosensing platform for detection of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha biomarker. HJBC. 2023;51(2):201-14.

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