Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite
Year 2024, Volume: 52 Issue: 3, 199 - 209, 01.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.1430520

Abstract

References

  • A. Khan, L.K. Kian, M. Jawaid, A.A.P. Khan, H.M. Marwani, M.M. Alotaibi, A.M. Asiri,Preparation and characterization of lignin/nano graphene oxide/styrene butadiene rubber composite for automobile tyre application, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 206(2022), 363-370.
  • F. Hakami, A. Pramanik, N. Ridgway, A.K. Basak, Developments of rubber material wear in conveyer belt system, Tribol. Int., 111 (2017) 148-158.
  • D. Wei, C. An, C. Wu, M.Duan, S.F. Estefen, Torsional structural behavior of composite rubber hose for offshore applications, Applied Ocean Research, 128 (2022) 103333.
  • Z. Zhang, F. Guo, Y. Ke, C. Xiang, X. Jia, Effect of vulcanization on deformation behavior of rubber seals: Thermal–mechanical–chemical coupling model, numerical studies, and experimental validation, Mater. Des., 224 (2022) 111314.
  • G. Zhang, W. Zhang, W. Cao, B. Wang, T. Lai, W. Guo, P. Gao,A novel test setup for determining waterproof performance of rubber gaskets used in tunnel segmental joints: Development and application, Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol., 115 (2021) 104079.
  • C.I. Gi, S. N. Gan, D. T.-C. Ang, Designing polymeric coating with low coefficient of friction for natural rubber glove application, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 115 (2023) 104079.
  • R.M. Silva, J.L. Rodrigues, V.V. Pinto, M.J. Ferreira, R. Russo, C.M. Pereira, Evaluation of shock absorption properties of rubber materials regarding footwear applications, Polym. Test., 28 (2009) 642-647.
  • W. Yang, Y. Li, Y. Chen, Y. Lu, X. Jiang, P. Cui, W. Hao, Upcycling waste synthetic running tracks in reinforcement of styrene-butadiene rubber, J. Clean. Prod., 430 (2023) 139769.
  • E.J. Vandenberg, Discovery and development of epichlorohydrin elastomers, J. Elastomers Plast. 14 (1982) 243–256, https://doi.org/10.1177/ 009524438201400405.
  • G. Shukla, Jr R.C. Ferrier, The versatile, functional polyether, polyepichlorohydrin: history, synthesis, and applications, J. Polym. Sci. 59 (2021) 2704–2718.
  • A. Mittermiller, Hydrin (ECO) elastomers for vibration and acoustic damping, in: International Rubber Conference (IRC2019), 2019. London UK.
  • Robertson, C.G.; Hardman, N.J.,Nature of Carbon Black Reinforcement of Rubber: Perspective on the Original Polymer Nanocomposite, Polymers 13 (2021) 538.
  • E. S. Dizon; L. A. Papazian, The Processing of Filler-Reinforced Rubber, Rubber Chem. Technol., 50 (1977) 765–779.
  • X. Fan, F. Wen, X. Shi, L.Yang, M. Hussain, Y. Song, Q. Zheng, Roles played by novolac resin on rubber compounding, reinforcement and nonlinear rheological behaviors, Polymer, 207 (2020) 122895.
  • K. Dinesh Kumar, S. Gupta, A.H. Tsou, A. K. Bhowmick, Compatibility and Viscoelastic Properties of Brominated Isobutylene-co-p-Methylstyrene Rubber/Tackifier Blends, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 110 (2008) 1485–1497.
  • A. Knop, W. Scheib, Chemistry and Application of Phenolic Resins, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, ISSN 0171-7901, 1979.
  • A. Shojaei, M. Faghihi, Physico-mechanical properties and thermal stability of thermoset nanocomposites based on styrene-butadiene rubber/phenolic resin blend, Mater. Sci. Eng.: A., 527 (2010) 917-926.
  • Q. Wu, H. Ye, X. Yang, H. Liu, H. Chen, W. Li, Synthesis of epoxy resin/silicone rubber interpenetrating polymer network for ablation thermal protection coating, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 215 (2023)110454.
  • L. Ye, Y. Zhang, Z. Wang, Mechanical properties and microstructure of acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber vulcanizates reinforced by in situ polymerized phenolic resin, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 105 (2007) 3851–3857.
  • V. Nigam, D. K. Setua, G. N. Mathur, Hybrid filler system for nitrile rubber vulcanizates, J. Mater. Sci., 36 (2001) 43-47.
  • O. Soydaş (2018), “Effect of Accelerator Type and Ratio on The Relaxatıon Behaviors of Silicone Elastomers”, [Master’s Thesis, Hacettepe University, Graduate School of Sciences Department of Chemisrty]
  • P. Tonka (2018), “Effect of Accelerator Type and Ratio on The Relaxatıon Behaviors of Silicone Elastomers”, [Master’s Thesis, Hacettepe University, Graduate School of Sciences Department of Chemisrty]
  • N.Vennemann, Characterization of thermoplastic elastomers by means of temperature scanning stress relaxation measurements, Thermoplastic Elastomers 1.1 (2012): 347-370.
  • P. Bernal-Ortega, E. Gaillard, F. van Elburg, A. Blume, Use of hydrocarbon resins as an alternative to TDAE oil in tire tread compounds, Polym. Test., 126 (2023) 108168.
  • T.R. Mohanty, M.D. Ashidha, S. Ramakrishnan, SKP. Amarnath, Influence of oligomeric resins on natural rubber-carbon black-silica composites for tire tread application, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 130 (2024) 278-296.
  • N. Tian, R. Ning, J. Kong, Self-toughening of epoxy resin through controlling topology of cross-linked networks, Polymer, 99 (2016) 376-385.
  • C.T. Hiranobea, G. D. Ribeiroa, G.B. Torresb, E.A.P. dos Reisc, F.C. Cabrerad, A.E. Jobe, L. L. Paima, R. J. dos Santos, Cross-Linked Density Determination of Natural Rubber Compounds by Different Analytical Techniques, Mat. Res., 24 (2021) 1-9.
  • I. Surya, H. Ismail, A.R. Azura, Alkanolamide as an accelerator, filler-dispersant and a plasticizer in silica-filled natural rubber compounds, Polym. Test., 32 (2013) 1313-1321.
  • Vennemann, N., Schwarze, C., & Kummerlöwe, C. (2013). Determination of Crosslink Density and Network Structure of NR Vulcanizates by Means of TSSR. Advanced Materials Research, 844, 482–485.
  • Karaağaç B, Cengiz SC, Bayram T, Şen M. Identification of temperature scanning stress relaxation behaviors of new grade ethylene propylene diene elastomers. Adv Polym Technol., 37 (2018) 3027–3037.

Investigation of Effect of Resin Content on the Stress Relaxation of poly (epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide) based Elastomer

Year 2024, Volume: 52 Issue: 3, 199 - 209, 01.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.1430520

Abstract

In this study, the effect of C9/C10 aromatic hydrocarbon resin (Novares TL 100) and resin amount on the curing and thermo-mechanical properties of poly(epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide) based elastomer mixtures was investigated. In the prepared mixtures, the curing parameters of mixtures that did not contain resin and mixtures containing resin in different proportions were examined. When examining the curing parameters, it was observed that with increasing resin content, the pre-curing time (ts2) and optimum curing time (t90) increased and the curing rate decreased. Moving mold rheometer studies showed that as the amount of resin increased, cross-link formation reactions were delayed or negatively affected. Additionally, temperature scanning stress relaxation tester (TSSR) studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of the resin on the creep behavior, service temperature, and cross-link density of the prepared vulcanizants. TSSR studies were carried out in two stages: first after curing and then after removing the resin from the vulcasinates by soaking the test samples in toluene. TSSR data showed that resin amounts exceeding 5 phr, the creep behavior of poly(epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide) based elastomers, clearly showed that it negatively affects the service temperature and cross-link density.

References

  • A. Khan, L.K. Kian, M. Jawaid, A.A.P. Khan, H.M. Marwani, M.M. Alotaibi, A.M. Asiri,Preparation and characterization of lignin/nano graphene oxide/styrene butadiene rubber composite for automobile tyre application, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 206(2022), 363-370.
  • F. Hakami, A. Pramanik, N. Ridgway, A.K. Basak, Developments of rubber material wear in conveyer belt system, Tribol. Int., 111 (2017) 148-158.
  • D. Wei, C. An, C. Wu, M.Duan, S.F. Estefen, Torsional structural behavior of composite rubber hose for offshore applications, Applied Ocean Research, 128 (2022) 103333.
  • Z. Zhang, F. Guo, Y. Ke, C. Xiang, X. Jia, Effect of vulcanization on deformation behavior of rubber seals: Thermal–mechanical–chemical coupling model, numerical studies, and experimental validation, Mater. Des., 224 (2022) 111314.
  • G. Zhang, W. Zhang, W. Cao, B. Wang, T. Lai, W. Guo, P. Gao,A novel test setup for determining waterproof performance of rubber gaskets used in tunnel segmental joints: Development and application, Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol., 115 (2021) 104079.
  • C.I. Gi, S. N. Gan, D. T.-C. Ang, Designing polymeric coating with low coefficient of friction for natural rubber glove application, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 115 (2023) 104079.
  • R.M. Silva, J.L. Rodrigues, V.V. Pinto, M.J. Ferreira, R. Russo, C.M. Pereira, Evaluation of shock absorption properties of rubber materials regarding footwear applications, Polym. Test., 28 (2009) 642-647.
  • W. Yang, Y. Li, Y. Chen, Y. Lu, X. Jiang, P. Cui, W. Hao, Upcycling waste synthetic running tracks in reinforcement of styrene-butadiene rubber, J. Clean. Prod., 430 (2023) 139769.
  • E.J. Vandenberg, Discovery and development of epichlorohydrin elastomers, J. Elastomers Plast. 14 (1982) 243–256, https://doi.org/10.1177/ 009524438201400405.
  • G. Shukla, Jr R.C. Ferrier, The versatile, functional polyether, polyepichlorohydrin: history, synthesis, and applications, J. Polym. Sci. 59 (2021) 2704–2718.
  • A. Mittermiller, Hydrin (ECO) elastomers for vibration and acoustic damping, in: International Rubber Conference (IRC2019), 2019. London UK.
  • Robertson, C.G.; Hardman, N.J.,Nature of Carbon Black Reinforcement of Rubber: Perspective on the Original Polymer Nanocomposite, Polymers 13 (2021) 538.
  • E. S. Dizon; L. A. Papazian, The Processing of Filler-Reinforced Rubber, Rubber Chem. Technol., 50 (1977) 765–779.
  • X. Fan, F. Wen, X. Shi, L.Yang, M. Hussain, Y. Song, Q. Zheng, Roles played by novolac resin on rubber compounding, reinforcement and nonlinear rheological behaviors, Polymer, 207 (2020) 122895.
  • K. Dinesh Kumar, S. Gupta, A.H. Tsou, A. K. Bhowmick, Compatibility and Viscoelastic Properties of Brominated Isobutylene-co-p-Methylstyrene Rubber/Tackifier Blends, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 110 (2008) 1485–1497.
  • A. Knop, W. Scheib, Chemistry and Application of Phenolic Resins, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, ISSN 0171-7901, 1979.
  • A. Shojaei, M. Faghihi, Physico-mechanical properties and thermal stability of thermoset nanocomposites based on styrene-butadiene rubber/phenolic resin blend, Mater. Sci. Eng.: A., 527 (2010) 917-926.
  • Q. Wu, H. Ye, X. Yang, H. Liu, H. Chen, W. Li, Synthesis of epoxy resin/silicone rubber interpenetrating polymer network for ablation thermal protection coating, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 215 (2023)110454.
  • L. Ye, Y. Zhang, Z. Wang, Mechanical properties and microstructure of acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber vulcanizates reinforced by in situ polymerized phenolic resin, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 105 (2007) 3851–3857.
  • V. Nigam, D. K. Setua, G. N. Mathur, Hybrid filler system for nitrile rubber vulcanizates, J. Mater. Sci., 36 (2001) 43-47.
  • O. Soydaş (2018), “Effect of Accelerator Type and Ratio on The Relaxatıon Behaviors of Silicone Elastomers”, [Master’s Thesis, Hacettepe University, Graduate School of Sciences Department of Chemisrty]
  • P. Tonka (2018), “Effect of Accelerator Type and Ratio on The Relaxatıon Behaviors of Silicone Elastomers”, [Master’s Thesis, Hacettepe University, Graduate School of Sciences Department of Chemisrty]
  • N.Vennemann, Characterization of thermoplastic elastomers by means of temperature scanning stress relaxation measurements, Thermoplastic Elastomers 1.1 (2012): 347-370.
  • P. Bernal-Ortega, E. Gaillard, F. van Elburg, A. Blume, Use of hydrocarbon resins as an alternative to TDAE oil in tire tread compounds, Polym. Test., 126 (2023) 108168.
  • T.R. Mohanty, M.D. Ashidha, S. Ramakrishnan, SKP. Amarnath, Influence of oligomeric resins on natural rubber-carbon black-silica composites for tire tread application, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 130 (2024) 278-296.
  • N. Tian, R. Ning, J. Kong, Self-toughening of epoxy resin through controlling topology of cross-linked networks, Polymer, 99 (2016) 376-385.
  • C.T. Hiranobea, G. D. Ribeiroa, G.B. Torresb, E.A.P. dos Reisc, F.C. Cabrerad, A.E. Jobe, L. L. Paima, R. J. dos Santos, Cross-Linked Density Determination of Natural Rubber Compounds by Different Analytical Techniques, Mat. Res., 24 (2021) 1-9.
  • I. Surya, H. Ismail, A.R. Azura, Alkanolamide as an accelerator, filler-dispersant and a plasticizer in silica-filled natural rubber compounds, Polym. Test., 32 (2013) 1313-1321.
  • Vennemann, N., Schwarze, C., & Kummerlöwe, C. (2013). Determination of Crosslink Density and Network Structure of NR Vulcanizates by Means of TSSR. Advanced Materials Research, 844, 482–485.
  • Karaağaç B, Cengiz SC, Bayram T, Şen M. Identification of temperature scanning stress relaxation behaviors of new grade ethylene propylene diene elastomers. Adv Polym Technol., 37 (2018) 3027–3037.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Macromolecular Materials, Polymerisation Mechanisms, Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Davut Aksüt 0000-0003-0954-0727

Publication Date July 1, 2024
Submission Date February 2, 2024
Acceptance Date April 18, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 52 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Aksüt, D. (2024). Investigation of Effect of Resin Content on the Stress Relaxation of poly (epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide) based Elastomer. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 52(3), 199-209. https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.1430520
AMA Aksüt D. Investigation of Effect of Resin Content on the Stress Relaxation of poly (epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide) based Elastomer. HJBC. July 2024;52(3):199-209. doi:10.15671/hjbc.1430520
Chicago Aksüt, Davut. “Investigation of Effect of Resin Content on the Stress Relaxation of Poly (epichlorohydrin-Co-Ethylene Oxide) Based Elastomer”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 52, no. 3 (July 2024): 199-209. https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.1430520.
EndNote Aksüt D (July 1, 2024) Investigation of Effect of Resin Content on the Stress Relaxation of poly (epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide) based Elastomer. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 52 3 199–209.
IEEE D. Aksüt, “Investigation of Effect of Resin Content on the Stress Relaxation of poly (epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide) based Elastomer”, HJBC, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 199–209, 2024, doi: 10.15671/hjbc.1430520.
ISNAD Aksüt, Davut. “Investigation of Effect of Resin Content on the Stress Relaxation of Poly (epichlorohydrin-Co-Ethylene Oxide) Based Elastomer”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 52/3 (July 2024), 199-209. https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.1430520.
JAMA Aksüt D. Investigation of Effect of Resin Content on the Stress Relaxation of poly (epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide) based Elastomer. HJBC. 2024;52:199–209.
MLA Aksüt, Davut. “Investigation of Effect of Resin Content on the Stress Relaxation of Poly (epichlorohydrin-Co-Ethylene Oxide) Based Elastomer”. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, vol. 52, no. 3, 2024, pp. 199-0, doi:10.15671/hjbc.1430520.
Vancouver Aksüt D. Investigation of Effect of Resin Content on the Stress Relaxation of poly (epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide) based Elastomer. HJBC. 2024;52(3):199-20.

HACETTEPE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND CHEMİSTRY

Copyright © Hacettepe University Faculty of Science

http://www.hjbc.hacettepe.edu.tr/

https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/hjbc