Psorodonotus ebneri Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1861 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) mitogenomiği: Seçilim profili ve türiçi ve türler arası farklılaşma örüntüleri

Year 2025, Volume: 53 Issue: 3, 81 - 96, 01.07.2025

Onur Uluar , Mustafa Yartaş , Özgül Yahyaoğlu , Battal Çıplak

https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.1661824

Abstract

DNA dizileme teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler, karşılaştırmalı mitogenom çalışmalarını olası kılmıştır. Ancak, türiçi mitogenom varyasyonu üzerine yapılan çalışmalar hâlâ nadirdir. Bu çalışma, Psorodonotus ebneri Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1861 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)’in total mitogenomunu rapor etmesinin yanısıra, türiçi ve türler arası farklılaşma oranı ve protein kodlayan genlerde (PKG) görülen seçilim profillerine odaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, iki veri seti analiz edilmiştir: biri beş P. ebneri mitogenomunu, diğeri ise ek olarak P. venosus (Fischer von Waldheim, 1839)’u içermektedir. Sonuçlar, P. ebneri mitogenomunun 37 gen ve AT zengin bir bölgeden oluştuğunu, bunların Pancrustacea gen sırasına sahip olduğu ve toplamda 15645–15668 baz çifti uzunluğunda olduğunu göstermektedir. Otuzsekiz gen sınırının sekizinde genler arası bölgeler bulunurken, yedisinde genler örtüşmektedir. trnS1 dışındaki tüm tRNA’lar tipik yonca yaprağı yapısını göstermektedir. Beş P. ebneri dizisi arasındaki ikili uzaklıklar 0.001–0.003, P. ebneri ile P. venosus arasındaki ise ~0.12 olarak hesaplanmıştır. dN/dS oranı ve nötralite indeksi PKG’lerde saflaştırıcı seçilim profiline işaret etmektedir. Verilerden şu çıkarımlara varılmıştır: (i) P. ebneri mitogenomları Orthoptera ve Pancrustacea genel özelliklerini taşımaktadır, (ii) IGS ve OR örüntüleri Tettigoniidae’de korunmuş görünmektedir, (iii) düşük türiçi varyasyon olasılıkla populasyonun küçük olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır ve (iv) çoğu PKG, saflaştırıcı seçilim altında evrimleşmiştir ve dağlık habitatlara adaptasyonu gösteren bir işaret bulunmamıştır.

Keywords

Mitogenomik, Orthoptera, seçilim, Tettigoniidae

Project Number

Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund, Project No: 192520509

Mitogenomics of Psorodonotus ebneri Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1861 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): Selection profile and patterns of intraspecific and interspecific divergence

Abstract

Advances in DNA sequencing technologies have made comparative mitogenome studies available. However, studies on intraspecific mitogenome variation are still rare. This study reports total mitogenome of Psorodonotus ebneri Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1861 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), highlighting selection profile and intraspecific and interspecific divergence in protein-coding genes (PCGs). To this end, two datasets were analysed, one including five P. ebneri mitogenomes and the other additionally possessing a mitogenome of P. venosus (Fischer von Waldheim, 1839). Results showed that the mitogenome of P. ebneri consists of 37 genes and an AT-rich region, ordering as in Pancrustacean, constituting 15645-15668 base pairs. Among 38 gene borders, eight had intergenic sequences (IGS) and seven overlapping (OR). All tRNAs exhibited the typical clover-leaf structure except for trnS1. Pairwise distance ranges between 0.001-0.003 among sequences of P. ebneri and ~0.12 between P. ebneri and P. venosus. The dN/dS and neutrality index indicated purifying selection in PCGs. We arrived at the following conclusions: (i) P. ebneri mitogenomes show characteristics of Orthoptera and Pancrustacea, (ii) IGS and OR appear conserved in Tettigoniidae, (iii) low intraspecific variation is likely due to small population size, and (iv) most of the PCGs evolved under purifying selection suggesting no specific adaptation to montane habitats.

Keywords

Mitogenomics, Orthoptera, selection, Tettigoniidae

Project Number

Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund, Project No: 192520509

Thanks

The next generation sequencing was funded by Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund via project (Project No: 192520509) that granted to Dr. Battal Çıplak. We thank M. Yasemin Karakaş (Hatay Mustafa Kemal University) for her participation of this project and field and laboratory work. We thank our undergrad student A. Koray Koç (Akdeniz University) for his help during the visualizing the codon and RSCU data. The author contributions were as follows: O. Uluar; laboratory work, analysis, figure preparation and writing; M. Yartaş, analysis, documentation, and figure preparation; Ö. Yahyaoğlu; field and laboratory work; B. Çıplak; conception, funding, writing and design. All authors read and contributed to the manuscript. We acknowledge the use of ChatGPT (OpenAI, 2024) for grammar and language editing.

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