Pargament ve Mahoney’e Göre Tarihsel Gelişim, Güncel Yaklaşımlar ve Pratik Yansımalar Ekseninde Psikolojide Maneviyatın Yeniden Yükselişi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, 2021 yılında üçüncü baskısı yayımlanan “The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology” kitabındaki Kenneth I. Pargament ve Annotte Mahoney’in “Spirituality: The Search for the Sacred” adlı kitap bölümüne ait değerlendirme ve analizler içeren bir inceleme makalesidir. Çalışmada psikoloji biliminin maneviyatla ilişkisine dair tarihsel tutumlarını ve son yıllarda bu alanda gözlemlenen paradigmatik değişim Pargament’in kutsal ve maneviyat ilişkisine dair görüşleri kapsamında ele alınmaktadır. Maneviyatın hem bireysel hem toplumsal düzeyde bir “kültürel gerçeklik” olarak önemi, psikolojik danışmanlıkta artan talep, ampirik bulguların desteği ve mesleki etik ilkelerin yönlendirmesiyle psikoloji disiplininde yeniden dikkate alındığı vurgulanmaktadır. Maneviyatın keşif, bakım ve dönüşüm süreçleri aracılığıyla bireyin yaşamında ne şekilde biçimlendiği analiz edilmiş olup, kutsalın anlamı, kapsamı ve bireyler tarafından nasıl algılandığı çok boyutlu bir çerçevede değerlendirilmiştir. İnceleme, özellikle kutsalın psikolojik olarak nasıl deneyimlendiğine ve kutsallaştırma süreçlerine odaklanarak, maneviyatın din, kişisel deneyim ve kültürel bağlamlarla ilişkisine dair derinlemesine bir perspektif sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma Pargament’in “bir kutsal arayışı” olarak tanımladığı maneviyat olgusunun psikolojik sağlık üzerindeki etkilerini, iyi ve kötü entegre edilmiş manevî yapılar arasındaki farkları ele almaktadır. Öte yandan maneviyatın bireyin ruh sağlığı, yaşam doyumu ve sosyal ilişkiler üzerindeki olumlu etkileri kadar, bağnazlık, dışlama ve psikolojik sıkıntılarla ilişkili olabilecek karanlık yönlerine de ışık tutulmaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışma, konuya dair değerlendirme ve analizleri içeren teorik çerçevede ele alınan bir inceleme makalesidir.

Keywords

• Din Psikolojisi
• Maneviyat
• Kutsal arayışı
• Danışmanlık
• Başa çıkma

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmada “Yükseköğretim Kurumları Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Yönergesi” kapsamında uyulması belirtilen tüm kurallara uyulmuştur. “Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiğine Aykırı Eylemler” başlığı altında belirtilen eylemlerden hiçbiri gerçekleştirilmemiştir. Bu çalışma, 2021 yılında üçüncü baskısı yayımlanan “The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology” kitabındaki Kenneth I. Pargament ve Annotte Mahoney’in “Spirituality: The Search for the Sacred” adlı kitap bölümüne ait değerlendirme ve analizler içeren bir inceleme makalesidir. Çalışma için etik çerçevede herhangi bir etik kurul onayı gerekmemekte olup, kitap bölümünün sorumlu yazarından çeviri yapılması ve Türkçe uyarlama üzerinden kitap bölümü incelemesi olarak yayımlanmasına dair gerekli izinler mail yolu ile alınmıştır.

The Revival of Spirituality in Psychology: Insights From Pargament And Mahoney On Historical Roots, Current Perspectives, And Practical Applications

Abstract

This study is a review article containing evaluations and analyses from the book chapter titled “Spirituality: The Search for the Sacred” by Kenneth I. Pargament and Annotte Mahoney, published in the third edition of “The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology” in 2021. This study examines the historical stances of psychology on its relationship with spirituality and the paradigmatic shift observed in the field in recent years, within the context of Pargament's views on the relationship between the sacred and spirituality. The study emphasizes the importance of spirituality as a "cultural reality" at both the individual and societal levels, and its renewed attention within the discipline of psychology, driven by the increasing demand for psychological counseling, the support of empirical findings, and the guidance of professional ethical principles. It analyzes how spirituality is shaped in the individual's life through processes of discovery, care, and transformation. The meaning, scope, and perception of the sacred are evaluated within a multidimensional framework. The review aims to offer an in-depth perspective on the relationship between spirituality and religion, personal experience, and cultural contexts, focusing specifically on how the sacred is experienced psychologically and the processes of sacralization. The study examines the effects of spirituality, which Pargament describes as "a search for the sacred," on psychological health and the differences between well- and poorly integrated spiritual structures. Furthermore, it sheds light on the positive effects of spirituality on an individual's mental health, life satisfaction, and social relationships, as well as the darker aspects that can be associated with bigotry, exclusion, and psychological distress. Within this scope, the study is a review article that addresses the subject within a theoretical framework containing evaluations and analyses.

Keywords

• Psychology of Religion
• Spirituality
• The search for the sacred
• Consulting
• Coping

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