Sensory Receptors and Their Relationship with Autism

Year 2023, , 921 - 953, 30.06.2023

Fatih Bal

https://doi.org/10.47793/hp.1207870

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder is a brain disorder that begins early in life. It affects social communication and interaction and is accompanied by repetitive and narrow patterns of behavior or interest. Autism spectrum disorder is a cognitive disorder that includes the inability to associate the sensory experience with memory. In this context, the individual's use of receptor systems to obtain meaningful sensory information about their environment is a critical issue for the study and treatment of autism. The individual develops a harmonious interaction with his environment through sensory receptors such as sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. An autistic individual has serious adaptation problems and functional problems in using receptors. Clinical observations have extensively reported that distant receptors such as hearing and vision are avoided and close receptors such as touch, smell and taste are preferred. This type of atypical sensory-based behavior is a crucial feature of autism spectrum disorders. In this direction, the "document scanning - literature review" method was used for data collection in the study. The study presented a general perspective on sensory systems and their relationship with autism.

Keywords

duyu reseptörleri, beş duyu, otizm

Duyu Reseptörleri ve Otizmle İlişkisi

Abstract

Otizm spektrum bozukluğu, yaşamın erken dönemlerinde başlayan bir beyin bozukluğudur. Sosyal iletişimi ve etkileşimi etkiler ve yinelenen ve dar davranış veya ilgi kalıpları eşlik eder. Otizm spektrum bozukluğu, duyusal deneyim ile hafızayı ilişkilendirememeyi içeren bilişsel bir bozukluk olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, bireyin çevresi hakkında anlamlı duyusal bilgiler elde etmek için alıcı sistemlerini kullanması, otizmin incelenmesi ve tedavisi için kritik bir konu oluşturmaktadır. Görme, işitme, dokunma, tatma ve koku alma gibi duyu reseptörlerinim kullanımı yoluyla birey çevresiyle uyumlu bir etkileşim geliştirir. Otistik bireyin derin uyum sorunları olmakta, reseptör kullanımında işlevsel açıdan sorun yaşmaktadır. Klinik gözlemler, işitme ve görme olarak uzak alıcılardan kaçınıldığını ve dokunma, koku ve tat gibi yakın alıcıların tercih edildiğini kapsamlı bir şekilde bildirmiştir. Bu tarz atipik duyusal temelli davranışlar, otizm spektrum bozukluklarının temel özelliğidir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada veri toplama yolu olarak, "belge tarama - literatür tarama" yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada duyusal sistemler ve otizmle ilişkisine genel bakış açısı sunmuştur.

Keywords

duyu reseptörleri, beş duyu, otizm

References

• Annaz, D., Remington, A., Milne, E., Coleman, M., Campbell, R., Thomas, M. S., & Swettenham, J. (2010). Development of motion processing in children with autism. Developmental Science, 13, 826-838. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00939.x
• APA (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV. American Psychiatric Association.
• Aptekar, R. (2023). Introductory anatomy and physiology. LibreTexts.
• Bachevalier, J., & Loveland, K. A. (2006). The orbitofrontal-amygdala circuit and self-regulation of social-emotional behavior in autism. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 30, 97-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.07.002
• Baranek, G. T., Foster, L. G., & Berkson, G. (1997). Tactile defensiveness and stereotyped behaviors. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 51, 91-95. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.51.2.91
• Barrett, K., Barman, S., Boitano, S., & Brooks, H. (2015). Ganong's review of medical physiology. McGraw-Hill Education.
• Bebko, J. M., Weiss, J. A., Demark, J. L., & Gomez, P. (2006). Discrimination of temporal synchrony in intermodal events by children with autism and children with developmental disabilities without autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 88-98. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01443.x
• Ben, A. S., Hen, L., Fluss, R., Cermak, S. A., Engel, B. Y., & Gal, E. (2009). A meta-analysis of sensory modulation symptoms in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0593-3
• Bertone, A., Mottron, L., Jelenic, P., & Faubert, J. (2003). Motion perception in autism: a “complex” issue. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 15, 218-225. https://doi.org/10.1162/089892903321208150
• Bertone, A., Mottron, L., Jelenic, P., & Faubert, J. (2005). Enhanced and diminished visuo-spatial information processing in autism depends on stimulus complexity. Brain, 128, 2430-2441. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh561
• Biga, L. M., Dawson, S., Harwell, A., Hopkins, R., Kaufmann, J., LeMaster, M., Matern, P., Graham, K. M., Quick, D., & Runyeon, J. (2019). Anatomy & physiology. Oregon State University.
• Binder, M. D., Hirokawa, N., & Windhorst, U. (2009). Encyclopedia of neuroscience. Springer.
• Bordoni, B., Mankowski, N. L., & Daly, D. T. (2023). Neuroanatomy, Cranial Nerve 8. StatPearls Publishing.
• Boundless (2023). General biology. LibreTexts.
• Brodal, P. (2010). The central nervous system: Structure and function. Oxford University Press.
• Camarata, S., Miller, L. J., & Wallace, M. T. (2020). Evaluating sensory integration/sensory processing treatment: issues and analysis. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 26, 14:556660. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2020.556660
• Chamak, B., Bonniau, B., Jaunay, E., & Cohen, D. (2008). What can we learn about autism from autistic persons? Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 77, 271-279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000140086
• Chandrashekar, J, Hoon, M. A., Ryba, N. J., & Zuker, C. S. (2006). The receptors and cells for mammalian taste. Nature, 444 (7117), 288-294. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05401
• Chruscik, A., Kauter, K., Windus, L. & Whiteside, E. (2021). Fundamentals of anatomy and physiology. University of Southern Queensland.
• Courchesne, E., Akshoomoff, N. A., Townsend, J., & Saitoh, O. (1995). A model system for the study of attention and the cerebellum: infantile autism. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 44, 315-325. PMID: 7649039.
• Crane, L., Goddard, L., & Pring, L. (2009). Sensory processing in adults with autism spectrum disorders. Autism, 13, 215-228. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361309103794
• Cushwa, W. (2015). Human biology. OpenStax CNX.
• Dalesio, N. M., Ortiz, S. F. B., Pluznick, J. L., & Berkowitz, D. E. (2018). Olfactory, taste, and photo sensory receptors in non-sensory organs: It just makes sense. Frontiers in Physiology, 9 (1673), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01673
• Dunn, M. A., Gomes, H., & Gravel , J. (2008). Mismatch negativity in children with autism and typical development. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 52-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-007-0359-3
• Ekdale, E. G. (2016). Form and function of the mammalian inner ear. Journal of Anatomy, 228 (2), 324-337. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12308
• Felten, D. L., O'Banion, M. K. & Maida, M. S. (2021). Netter's atlas of neuroscience. ‎ Elsevier.
• Frank, R. A., Dulay, M. F., & Gesteland, R. C. (2003). Assessment of the sniff magnitude test as a clinical test of olfactory function. Physiology & Behavior, 78, 195-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00965-4
• Frlog, S. H. (2019). Introductory animal physiology. Simple Book Publishing.
• George, T. & Bordoni, B. (2022). Anatomy, head and neck, ear ossicles. StatPearls Publishing.
• Goldfarb, W. (1963). Self-awareness in schizophrenic children. Archives of General Psychiatry, 8 (1), 47. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1963.01720070049006
• Grüter, T., Grüter, M, & Carbon, C. C. (2008). Neural and genetic foundations of face recognition and prosopagnosia. Journal of Neuropsychology, 2 (1), 79-97. https://doi.org/10.1348/174866407x231001
• Henley, C. (2021). Foundations of neuroscience. Michigan State University.
• Hernandez, E., & Das, J. M. (2022). Neuroanatomy, nucleus vestibular. StatPearls Publishing.
• Hille, B. (2001). Ion channels of excitable membranes. Sinauer.
• Hort, J., & Cook, D. (2007). Formulating low-fat food: The challenge of retaining flavour quality. In A. Taylor, & J. Hort (Eds.) Modifying flavour in food (pp.131-145). Woodhead Publishing Ltd.
• Iarocci, G., Rombough, A., Yager, J., Weeks, D. J., & Chua, R. (2010). Visual influences on speech perception in children with autism. Autism, 14, 305-320. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361309353615
• Jahangir, M., Avgeropoulos, N., & Samsam, M. (2021). Epidemiology of brain and spinal tumors. Academic Press.
• Jemel, B., Mimeault, D., Saint-Amour, D., Hosein, A., & Mottron, L. (2010). VEP contrast sensitivity responses reveal reduced functional segregation of mid and high filters of visual channels in autism. Journal of Visualization, 10, 13. https://doi.org/10.1167/10.6.13
• Joyce, C., Le, P. H. & Peterson, D. C. (2022). Neuroanatomy, cranial nerve 3 (Oculomotor). StatPearls Publishing.
• Ju, W. (2018). Neuroscience. Simple Book Publishing.
• Kapit, W., & Elson, L. M. (2014). The anatomy coloring book. Pearson.
• Kelly, J. (2023). Biology of aging. OLI.
• Klin, A. (2008). Three things to remember if you are a functional magnetic resonance imaging researcher of face processing in autism spectrum disorders. Biological Psychiatry, 64, 549-551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.07.028
• Klinge, C. M., & Rao, C. V. (2008). Cell membrane receptors. The Global Library of Women’s Medicine. https://doi.org/10.3843/GLOWM.10282
• Koh, H.C., Milne, E., & Dobkins, K. (2010). Contrast sensitivity for motion detection and direction discrimination in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and their siblings. Neuropsychologia,48(14),4046-4056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.10.008
• Kountakis, S. E. (2013). Encyclopedia of otolaryngology, head and neck surgery. Springer.
• Kranowitz, C. S. (2014). Senkronize olamayan çocuk. Pepino Yayıncılık.
• Kwon, S., Kim, J., Choe, B. H., Ko, C., & Park, S. (2007). Electrophysiologic assessment of central auditory processing by auditory brainstem responses in children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 22, 656-659. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2007.22.4.656
• Lahunta, A. L. & Glass, E. (2009). Veterinary neuroanatomy and clinical neurology. Saunders.
• Lake, G. (2019). Human biology. New York: State University.
• Lee, A.A., & Owyang C. (2017). Sugars, sweet taste receptors, and brain responses. Nutrients, 9 (7), 653. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9070653
• Leekam, S. R., Nieto, C., Libby, S. J., Wing, L., & Gould, J. (2007). Describing the sensory abnormalities of children and adults with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 894-910. https://doi.org/0.1007/s10803-006-0218-7
• Mangold, S. A. & Das, J. M. (2022). Neuroanatomy, reticular formation. StatPearls Publishing.
• Marco, E. J., Hinkley, L. B. N., Hill, S. S., & Nagarajan, S. S. (2011). Sensory processing in autism: A review of neurophysiologic findings. Pediatric Research, 69 (2), 48-54. https://doi.org/10.1203/PDR.0b013e3182130c54
• Martin, J.H. (2012). Neuroanatomy text and atlas. McGraw Hill.
• Marzvanyan, A., & Alhawaj, A.F. (2021). Physiology, sensory receptors. StatPearls Publishing.
• Mazefsky, C.A., Herrington, J., Siegel, M., Scarpa, A., Maddox, B.B., & Lawrence M.S.N.S. White, S.W. (2013). The role of emotion regulation in autism spectrum disorder RH: Emotion regulation in ASD. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 52 (7), 679-688. https://doi.org/10.1203/PDR.0b013e3182130c54
• McCormick, C., Hepburn, S., Young, G. S., & Rogers, S. J. (2016). Sensory symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder, other developmental disorders and typical development: A longitudinal study. Autism, 20 (5), 572-579. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361315599755
• McHose, A., Range, E., & Carpenter, K. (2022). Medical terminology. Simple Book Publishing.
• Melinte, V., & Sarafoleanu, C. (2019). Congenital anosmia: A case report. Romanian Journal of Rhinology, 9 (35), 161-164. https://doi.org/10.2478/rjr-2019-0020
• Miller, E.J., & Lappin, S.L. (2022). Physiology, cellular receptor. StatPearls Publishing.
• Moini, J., Avgeropoulos, N.G., & Samsam, M. (2021). Epidemiology of brain and spinal tumors. Academic Press.
• Molnar, C., & Gair, J. (2015). Concepts of biology. BCcampus.
• Mouton, A. (2021). Biology for majors II. Simple Book Publishing.
• National Research Council (1989). Opportunities in biology. The National Academies Press.
• Oberman, L. M., & Ramachandran, V. S. (2008). Preliminary evidence for deficits in multisensory integration in autism spectrum disorders: the mirror neuron hypothesis. Social Neuroscience, 3, 348-355. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361315599755
• Olman, C. (2022). Introduction to sensation and perception. University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing.
• O'Neill, M., & Jones, R. S. (1997). Sensory-perceptual abnormalities in autism: a case for more research? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 27, 283-293. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1025850431170
• Parron, C., Da Fonseca, D., Santos, A., Moore, D. G., Monfardini, E., & Deruelle, C. (2008). Recognition of biological motion in children with autistic spectrum disorders. Autism, 12, 261-274. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361307089520
• Proske, U., & Gandevia, S. C. (2009). The kinaesthetic senses. The Journal of physiology, 587 (17), 4139-4146. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2009.175372
• Purves, D., Augustine, G. J., Fitzpatrick, D., Katz, L. C., LaMantia, A. S., O McNamara, J., & Williams, S. M. (2001). Neuroscience. Sinauer Associates.
• Quah, S. R. (2017). International encyclopedia of public health. Academic Press.
• Rehman, I., Hazhirkarzar, B. & Bhupendra, B. C. (2022). Anatomy, head and neck, eye. StatPearls Publishing.
• Rodier, P.M. (2002). Converging evidence for brain stem injury in autism. Development and Psychopathology, 14, 537-557. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579402003085
• Rolls, E. T. (2004). Multisensory neuronal convergence of taste, somatosensory, visual, olfactory and auditory inputs. In G. Calvert, C. Spence, & B. Stein (Eds.). The handbook of multisensory processes. MIT Press.
• Rolls, E. T., & Scott, T. R. (2003). Central taste anatomy and neurophysiology. In R. L. Doty (Eds.) Handbook of olfaction and gustation (pp. 679-705). Marcel Dekker.
• Rozenkrantz, L., Zachor, D., Heller, I., Plotkin, A., Weissbrod, A., Snitz, K., Secundo, L., & Sobel, N. (2015). A Mechanistic Link between Olfaction and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Current Biology, 25 (14), 1904-1910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.05.048
• Russo, N., Foxe, J. J., Brandwein, A. B., Altschuler, T., Gomes, H., & Molholm, S. (2010). Multisensory processing in children with autism: High-density electrical mapping of auditory-somatosensory integration. Autism Research, 3, 253-267. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.152
• Russo, N., Nicol, T., Trommer, B., Zecker,. S., & Kraus, N. (2009). Brainstem transcription of speech is disrupted in children with autism spectrum disorders. Developmental Science, 12, 557-567. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00790.x
• Schreck, K. A., & Williams, K. (2006). Food preferences and factors influencing food selectivity for children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 27, 353-363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2005.03.005
• Schultz, R. T. (2005). Developmental deficits in social perception in autism: the role of the amygdala and fusiform face area. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 23, 125-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.12.012
• Sherrington, C. S (1906). The integrative action of the nervous system. Cambridge University Press.
• Smith, E. G., & Bennetto, L. (2007). Audiovisual speech integration and lipreading in autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 813-821. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01766.x
• Sotnikov, O. S. (2006). Sensory innervation of the brain (primary interoceptor neurons of the brain and their asynaptic dendrites). Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, 36 (5), 453-462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11055-006-0039-3
• Squire, L. R. (2009). Encyclopedia of neuroscience. Academic Press.
• Stangor, C. & Walinga, J. (2014). Introduction to psychology. BCcampus.
• Stein, B. E., & Stanford, T. R. (2008). Multisensory integration: current issues from the perspective of the single neuron. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9, 255-266. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2377
• Strathern, L. (2021). Getting graded: Teaching principles of chemical synaptic transmission without action potentials. Journal of Undergraduate Neuroscience Education, 19 (2), R28-R30. PMID: 34552445
• Suarez, M. A. (2012). Sensory processing in children with autism spectrum disorders and impact on functioning. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 1, 203-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2011.10.012
• van der Smagt, M. J., van Engeland, H., & Kemner, C. (2007). Brief report: Can you see what is not there? Low-level auditory-visual integration in autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 2014-2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0346-0
• Vlamings, P. H., Jonkman, L. M., van Daalen, E., van der Gaag, R. J., & Kemner, C. (2010). Basic abnormalities in visual processing affect face processing at an early age in autism spectrum disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 68, 1107-1113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.06.024
• Warren, E. J., Allen, C. N., Brown, R. L., & Robinson, D. W. (2003). Intrinsic light responses of retinal ganglion cells projecting to the circadian system. European Journal of Neuroscience, 17 (9), 1727-1735. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02594.x
• Waxman, S. G. (2016). Clinical neuroanatomy. McGraw Hill.
• White, H. J., Helwany, M., Biknevicius, A. R. & Peterson, D. C. (2023). Anatomy, Head and neck, ear organ of corti. StatPearls Publishing.
• Whitehouse, A. J., & Bishop, D. V. (2008). Do children with autism ‘switch off’ to speech sounds? An investigation using event-related potentials. Developmental Science, 11, 516-524. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00697.x
• Wiggins, L. D., Robins, D. L., Bakeman, R., Adamson, L. B. (2009). Brief report: sensory abnormalities as distinguishing symptoms of autism spectrum disorders in young children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 1087-1091. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0711-x
• Williams, J. H., Massaro, D. W., Peel, N. J., Bosseler, A., & Suddendorf, T. (2004). Visual-auditory integration during speech imitation in autism. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 25, 559-575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2004.01.008
• Witt, M. (2019). Anatomy and development of the human taste system. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 164, 147-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63855-7.00010-1
• Yoshioka, T., & Sakakibara, M. (2013). Physical aspects of sensory transduction on seeing, hearing and smelling. Biophysics, 9, 183-191. https://doi.org/10.2142/biophysics.9.183