Yetişkinliğe Geçiş Sürecinde Gelişimsel Bir Kriz: Çeyrek Yaşam Krizi

Abstract

Yetişkinliğe geçişle ilgili kuram ve yaklaşımlar, değişen zaman ve koşullarla birlikte güncellenmektedir. Yirmi birinci yüzyılda yetişkinliğin tanımı, geleneksel yetişkin rollerine ulaşmanın yanı sıra bireylerin öznel algılarına göre de şekillenmektedir. Kariyer, eğitim ve romantik ilişki alanlarında yetişkin rollerine erişme yaşının belirgin olarak artması da yetişkinliğe geçişin daha uzun ve karmaşık bir dönem olabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu dönemin beliren yetişkinlik olarak adlandırılması yaygın olarak kabul görmektedir. Beliren yetişkinlik kavramı, ergenlikten çıkmasına rağmen kendini yetişkin olarak adlandırmayan, pek çok olanağı deneme yoluyla kimlik keşfine devam eden bireyler için kullanılmaktadır. Bu dönem değişken doğası gereği belirsizlik ve istikrarsızlığı içinde barındırmaktadır. Bireyler, yaşamlarını sürdürmeleri için üstlenmeleri gereken pek çok yeni rolün getirdiği karmaşayla baş edemediklerinde kendilerini gelişimsel bir krizin içinde bulabilmektedir. Bu gelişimsel kriz, çeyrek yaşam krizi olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Çeyrek yaşam krizi, yetişkinliğe geçiş sürecinde ilişkiler, kariyer ve finans alanlarında zorlayıcı yaşam deneyimlerini içermektedir. Beliren yetişkinlik ve genç yetişkinlik dönemleri arasında bireyler, içinde olmayı artık istemedikleri yetişkin rollerine “hapsolabilir”; erişmek istedikleri yetişkin rollerinin “dışında kalabilir”. Çeyrek yaşam krizi, yetişkinliğe geçiş sürecinin zorlu doğası ve sonuçlarının anlaşılmasında önem kazanan bir kavram olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada çeyrek yaşam krizine ilişkin literatür, yetişkinliğe geçiş sürecindeki yaşantılara ışık tutmak amacı ile psikolojik ve sosyolojik bağlamlarda gözden geçirilmektedir.

Keywords

• yetişkinliğe geçiş
• beliren yetişkinlik
• gelişimsel kriz
• çeyrek yaşam krizi

A Developmental Crisis in Transition to Adulthood: Quarter-Life Crisis

Abstract

Theories and approaches about the transition to adulthood have been updated with time and conditions. In the twenty-first century, the definition of adulthood has evolved to reflect individuals’ subjective perceptions while also meeting traditional adulthood markers. The significant delay in the timing of attaining adult roles in career, education, and romantic relationships may indicate that transition to adulthood is now a longer and more complex period. This period is widely accepted as emerging adulthood. The concept of emerging adulthood is used for individuals who do not call themselves an adult despite the end of adolescence, and who continue to explore their identity by trying many possibilities. This life stage is also full of uncertainty and instability due to its erratic nature. Individuals may experience a developmental crisis when they are unable to cope with the complexity of the numerous new roles they must assume in order to survive. Quarter-life crisis refers to difficult life events in relationships, career, and finance during the transition to adulthood. Between emerging adulthood and young adulthood, individuals may get "locked into" adult positions they no longer want to be in, or they may be "locked out" of adult roles they desire to achieve. Quarter-life crisis emerges as an important notion in comprehending the challenging nature and consequences of the transition to adulthood. This study reviews the literature on quarter-life crisis within psychological and sociological contexts in order to shed light on experiences during the transition to adulthood.

Keywords

• transition to adulthood
• emerging adulthood
• developmental crisis
• quarter life crisis

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