Yahya Kemal’in ‘Sessiz Gemi’ Şiirinin Bilişsel Poetik Çözümlemesi

Year 2021, , 94 - 103, 30.06.2021

Melike Baş

https://doi.org/10.32600/huefd.786677

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Yahya Kemal Beyatlı’nın Türk edebiyatının en iyi bilinen şiirlerinden biri olan ‘Sessiz Gemi’ adlı şiirini Bilişsel Biçembilim/Poetika açısından incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Daha spesifik olarak, Kavramsal Metafor Kuramı (Lakoff ve Johnson, 1980) ve Kavramsal Harmanlama Kuramının (Fauconnier & Turner, 1998, 2002) önermelerine bağlı olarak şiir metninin oluşturulmasında ve yorumlanmasında rol oynayan kavramsal stratejileri ve mekanizmaları ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Yapılan analiz, şiirin tamamının ‘ölüm’ kavramı için bir alegori olmasını sağlayan kavramsal yansımalar ve semboller açısından zengin olduğunu göstermektedir. SEYAHAT çerçevesi içinde deniz seyahati ve soyut ölüm kavramı arasında Lakoff ve Turner (1989) tarafından ileri sürülmüş DURUM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ MEKÂN DEĞİŞİKLİĞİDİR, ÖLÜM SON VARIŞ YERİNE GİDİŞTİR, ÖLÜM İSTİRAHATTİR gibi metaforlarla eşleşen çeşitli kavramsallaşmaları gerektiren bir harman oluşmaktadır. Çalışma, edebi metinlere bilişsel poetik bir yaklaşımın yazarın metni oluşturması ve okuyucuların metni çözümlemelerinde insan zihninin hangi kavramsal süreçlerden geçtiğini açığa çıkarmada önemli olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır

Keywords

Bilişsel poetika, harmanlama kuramı, kavramsal metafor, Sessiz Gemi, Yahya Kemal

A Cognitive Poetic Analysis of Yahya Kemal’s ‘Silent Ship’

Abstract

This study is a cognitive stylistic/poetic analysis of one of Turkish literature’s best-known poems ‘Sessiz Gemi’ (Silent Ship) by Yahya Kemal Beyatlı. More specifically, based on the premises of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) and Conceptual Blending Theory (Fauconnier & Turner, 1998, 2002), the study aims to identify the conceptual devices and strategies used in the construction and interpretation of the poem. The analysis reveals that the poem is rich in conceptual projections and symbols, which make the whole poem an allegory for the concept of ‘death’. Within the frame of JOURNEY, a blend is constructed between the sea voyage and the abstract concept of death, which entails several conceptualizations that match with the metaphors CHANGE OF STATE IS CHANGE OF LOCATION, DEATH IS GOING TO A FINAL DESTINATION and DEATH IS REST proposed by Lakoff and Turner (1989). The study reveals that a cognitive poetic approach to literary texts is significant in disclosing the conceptual processes the human mind undergoes to sort out the composition of the text by the writer and decomposition by the readers.

Keywords

Cognitive poetics, blending theory, conceptual metaphor, Sessiz Gemi, Yahya Kemal

References

• Baş, M., & Büyükkantarcıoğlu, N. (2019). Sadness metaphors and metonymies in Turkish body part idioms. Dilbilim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 30(2), 273-294.
• Beyatlı, Y. K. (1961, 2003). Kendi gökkubbemiz (2nd imp.). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
• Brône, G., & Vandaele, J. (Eds.). (2009). Cognitive poetics: Goals, gains and gaps. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
• Coulson, S., & Oakley, T. (2000). Blending basics. Cognitive Linguistics, 11(3-4), 175-196.
• Çelik, S. N., & Çolak A. (2014). A future whose roots lean in the past “Yahya Kemal”. Bjes, 4(1), 55-74.
• Evans, V., & Green, M. (2006). Cognitive linguistics: An introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
• Fauconnier, G. (1994). Mental spaces: Aspects of meaning construction in natural language. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press.
• Fauconnier, G., & Turner, M. (1998). Conceptual integration networks. Cognitive Science, 22(2), 133–87.
• Fauconnier, G., & Turner M. (2002). The way we think: Conceptual blending and the mind’s hidden complexities. New York: Basic Books.
• Freeman, M. H. (2000). Poetry and the scope of metaphor: Toward a cognitive theory of literature. In A. Barcelona (Ed.), Metaphor and metonymy at crossroads: A cognitive perspective (pp. 253-281). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
• Freeman, M. H. (2002). The body in the word: A cognitive approach to the shape of a poetic text. In E. Semino & J. Culpeper (Eds.), Cognitive stylistics: Language and cognition in text analysis (pp. 23-47). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
• Freeman, M. H. (2005). The poem as complex blend: Conceptual mappings of metaphor in Sylvia Plath’s ‘The Applicant’. Language and Literature, 14(1), 25-44.
• Gavins, J., & Steen, G. J. (Eds.). (2003). Cognitive poetics in practice. London: Routledge.
• Glotova, E. (2014). The suffering minds: Cognitive stylistic approach to characterization in “The Child-Who-Was-Tired” by Katherine Mansfield and “Sleepy” by Anton Chekhov. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 4(12), 2445-2454.
• Grady, J., Oakley, T., & Coulson, S. (1999). Blending and metaphor. In R. W. Gibbs & G. J. Steen (Eds.), Metaphor in cognitive linguistics. Selected papers from the fifth international cognitive linguistics conference (pp. 101-124). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
• Halman, T. S. (2011). A millennium of Turkish literature: A concise history. Syracuse/New York: Syracuse University Press.
• Hamilton, C. (2002). Conceptual integration in Christine de Pizan’s City of Ladies. In E. Semino & J. Culpeper (Eds.), Cognitive stylistics: Language and cognition in text analysis (pp.1-22). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
• İşeri, K., & Demirgüneş, S. (2008). “Sessiz Gemi” şiirinin anlambilimsel/göstergebilimsel incelenmesi. Turkish Studies, 3(4), 499-513.
• Kabaklı, A. (1990). Türk edebiyatı III. Istanbul: Türk Edebiyat Vakfı.
• Kövecses, Z. (2000). Metaphor and emotion: Language, culture, and body in human feeling. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Kwiatkowska, A. (Ed). (2012). Texts and minds: Papers in cognitive poetics and rhetoric. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
• Lakoff, G, Espenson, J., & Schwarts, A. (1991). Second draft copy: Master metaphor list. Retrieved from http://araw.mede.uic.edu/~alansz/metaphor/METAPHORLIST.pdf
• Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. London: The University of Chicago Press.
• Lakoff, G., & Turner, M. (1989). More than cool reason: A field guide to poetic metaphor. Chicago/London: The University of Chicago Press.
• Pena Cervel, S. M. (2011). Macbeth revisited: A cognitive analysis. Metaphor and Symbol, 26(1), 1-22,
• Popova, Y. B. (2003). ‘The fool sees with his nose’: Metaphoric mappings in the sense of smell in Patrick Süskind’s Perfume. Language and Literature, 12(2), 135-151.
• Semino, E. (1997). Language and world creation in poems and other texts. London/New York: Routledge.
• Semino, E., & Culpeper, J. (Eds.). (2002). Cognitive stylistics: Language and cognition in text analysis. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
• Stockwell, P. (2002). Cognitive poetics: An introduction. London/New York: Routledge.
• Özçalışkan, Ş. (2003). In a caravanserai with two doors I am walking day and night: Metaphors of death and life in Turkish. Cognitive Linguistics, 14(4), 281-320.
• Turner, M. (2007). Conceptual integration. In D. Geeraerts & H. Cuyckens (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of cognitive linguistics (pp. 377-393). New York: Oxford University Press.
• Uysal, S. S. (2009). 125. Doğum yılında değişik yanlarıyla Yahya Kemal. İstanbul: Bilge Kültür Sanat.
• Yaşar, H. (2007). “Sessiz Gemi”nin sembol ve Fransız tesiri açısından incelenmesi. D.Ü. Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 8, 52-60.