RETURN OF REFUGEES AND THE UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES

Abstract

Refugee movements have started to be one of the main issues on the international agenda as a phenomenon that has started to be securitized by the states, especially in the post-cold war period. In the face of this situation, various policies have been tried to be implemented by the main actors in the international system in order to eliminate or minimize the risks and threats posed by them in national, regional and global terms with regard to the phenomenon of refugees. In this sense, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has come to the fore as one of the most influential actors working in this field. UNHCR has tried to contribute to the solution of the problem and to put forward certain standard practices by producing important political approaches, especially in terms of ensuring refugee returns and how it should take place. In this study, answers were sought to questions about what the return of refugees means, how these returns should be, what factors affect returns, and what roles UNHCR plays in these processes.

Keywords

• Migration
• Refugee
• Asylum Seeker
• voluntary return
• UNHCR

Mültecilerin Geri Dönüşü ve Birleşmiş Milletler Mülteciler Yüksek Komiserliği

Öz

Mültecilik olgusu, özellikle soğuk savaş sonrası dönemde devletler tarafından güvenlikleştirilmeye başlayan bir olgu olarak uluslararası gündemdeki ana konulardan birisi olmaya başlamıştır. Bu durum karşısında, mültecilik olgusunun; ulusal, bölgesel ve küresel anlamda ortaya çıkardığı risk ve tehditlerin ortadan kaldırılması ya da en aza indirilmesi amacıyla uluslararası sistemdeki temel aktörler tarafından çeşitli politikalar hayata geçirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu anlamda Birleşmiş Milletler Mülteciler Yüksek Komiserliği (BMMYK) bu alanda çalışma yürüten en etkili aktörlerden biri olarak ön plana çıkmıştır. BMMYK özellikle geri dönüşlerin sağlanması ve nasıl olması gerektiği noktasında önemli politik yaklaşımlar üreterek sorunun çözümüne katkı sağlamaya ve belirli standart uygulamalar ortaya koymaya çalışmıştır. Bu çalışmada mültecilerin geri dönüşlerinin ne anlama geldiği, bu geri dönüşlerin nasıl olması gerektiği, geri dönüşleri etkileyen faktörlerin neler olduğu ve BMMYK’nın bu süreçlerde ne gibi roller üstlendiğine ilişkin sorulara cevap aranmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Göç
• Mülteci
• Sığınmacı
• Gönüllü Geri Dönüş
• BMMYK

Kaynakça

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