POLITICAL ISLAMISM IN THE OTTOMAN-TURKISH MODERNIZATION PROCESS: BEYOND CULTURALIST ANALYSIS AND ISLAMIC ASPECTS OF MODERNIZATION

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 16, 206 - 230, 15.10.2020

Fuat Güllüpınar

https://doi.org/10.20304/humanitas.685455

Abstract

This article attempts to explain the ideology of Islamism in relation to the socio-economic and political conditions of the nineteenth century Ottoman society. Analysis of Islamism through socio-economic and other social levels enables us to separate our evaluations of it from religious conservatism and makes it possible to evaluate it through more concrete social and political circumstances. The emergence of Islamism was not a renewal movement aimed at returning to the authentic tradition, but a response from the upset and impoverished Muslim people and intellectuals in the face of unsuccessful modernization attempts in the third world. Islamism was an inspiration for the Neo-Ottoman movement, which resisted modernization in the sense of westernization, but also tried to keep up with modernization. Established under the leadership of Namık Kemal, Ali Suavi, Ziya Pasha, the Neo-Ottoman movement sought a new form of power in the name of “hybrid” Islamic values during the nineteenth century without touching the dominant power relations of modernization.

Keywords

Ottoman-Turkish modernization, Islamism, Neo-Ottomanism, ideology, developmentalism

OSMANLI-TÜRK MODERNLEŞME SÜRECİNDE SİYASAL İSLAMCILIK İDEOLOJİSİ: KÜLTÜRELCİ ANALİZLERİN ÖTESİ VE MODERNLEŞMENİN İSLAMCI YÜZLERİ

Abstract

Bu makale, İslamcılık ideolojisini 19. yüzyıl Osmanlı toplumunun sosyo-ekonomik ve politik koşulları ile ilişkilendirerek açıklamaya çalışmaktadır. İslamcılığın sosyo-ekonomik ve diğer toplumsal düzeyler açısından analizi, İslamcılığı, mutlak bir dindar muhafazakârlık, köktencilik (fundamentalizm) ve irtica gibi kategorilerin ötesinde, daha somut toplumsal ve siyasal koşullar üzerinden değerlendirmeyi mümkün kılar. İslamcılığın doğuşu, otantik geleneğe dönmeyi amaçlayan bir yenilenme hareketi değil, üçüncü dünyadaki başarısız modernleşme girişimleri karşısında alt-üst olan ve yoksullaşan Müslüman insanların ve entelektüellerin verdiği bir yanıttı. İslamcılık, hem belirli bir tip modernleşmeye yani batılılaşmaya karşı olan; bu anlamda modernleşmeye direnen, hem de modernleşmeye ayak uydurmaya çalışan Yeni-Osmanlı hareketine ilham vermiştir. Namık Kemal, Ali Suavi, Ziya Paşa’nın öncülüğünde kurulmuş olan Yeni-Osmanlı hareketi, on dokuzuncu yüzyıl boyunca modernleşmenin hâkim iktidar ilişkilerine dokunmaksızın, “melez” İslami değerler adına yeni bir iktidar şekli aradı. İslamcılığı politik söylemlerden daha çok onu adeta geleneksel İslam olarak değerlendiren bazı indirgemeci yaklaşımların eleştirel olarak analiz edilmesi önemli bir ihtiyaç olarak karşımızda durmaktadır.

Keywords

Osmanlı-Türk modernleşmesi, İslamcılık, Yeni-Osmanlılar, İdeoloji, Kalkınmacılık

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