Violence-Related Attitudes and Responsibility Perception in Cyber Dating Violence Victims and Perpetrators
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 11 Sayı: 21, 186 - 211, 15.03.2023
Nefise Ladikli
,
Itır Tarı Cömert
Öz
Unlike traditional dating violence, cyber dating violence that goes beyond physical and temporal boundaries is seen as a new generation social problem. Cyber dating violence is often accompanied by a traditional form of violence. In this study, possible correlations between the accepting attitudes toward violence and perceptions of responsibility of cyber dating violence victims and perpetrators were investigated. Findings show that there is a correlation between violence perpetration and the accepting attitude toward violence and the way of imputation; the difference in attitudes and responsibility perceptions of gender groups toward violence; the attitudes and responsibility perceptions toward violence of cyber dating violence victims and perpetrators differ. It is aimed to contribute to the limited literature in Turkish by discussing the results obtained in the axis of the current literature and to shed light on new research topics by sharing the identified gaps.
Kaynakça
- Akın, A., Gülşen, M., Aşut, S. ve Akca, M. (2012). Yakın İlişkilerde Şiddet Sorumluluğu Ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(2), 175-184.
- Aldarando, E. ve Cayouette, S. (Ed.). (2002). Programs for men who batter: Intervention and prevention strategies in a diverse society. New Jersey: Civic Research Institute.
- Anderson, C. A., Benjamin, A. J., Wood, P. K. ve Bonacci, A. M. (2006). Development and testing of the velicer attitudes toward violence scale: Evidence for a four-factor model. Aggressive Behavior, 32(2), 122-136.
- Bakır, A. ve Kalkan, M. (2019). Siber Flört İstismarı Ölçeği’nin Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(20), 75-95.
- Bancroft, L. (2002). Why does he do that? Inside the minds of angry and controlling men. New York: Berkley Books.
- Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Bandura, A. (1978). The self system in reciprocal determinism. American Psychologist, 33(4), 344-358.
- Bates, S. (2016). Revenge porn and mental health: A qualitative analysis of the mental health effects of revenge porn on female survivors. Feminist Criminology, 12(1), 22-42.
- Bennett, D. C., Guran, E. L., Ramos, M. C. ve Margolin, G. (2011). College students’ electronic victimization in friendships and dating relationships: Anticipated distress and associations with risky behaviors. Violence and Victims, 26(4), 410-429.
- Borrajo, E., Gámez-Guadix, M. ve Calvete, E. (2015). Cyber dating abuse: Prevalence, context, and relationship with offline dating aggression. Psychological Reports, 116(2), 565-585.
- Borrajo, E., Gámez-Guadix, M., Pereda, N. ve Calvete, E. (2015). The development and validation of the cyber dating abuse questionnaire among young couples. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 358-365.
- Brown, C., Flood, M. ve Hegarty, K. (2020). Digital dating abuse perpetration and impact: The importance of gender. Journal of Youth Studies, 25(2), 193-208.
- Brown, C. ve Hegarty, K. (2021). Development and validation of the TAR Scale: A measure of technology-facilitated abuse in relationships. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 3.
- Cauffman, E., Feldman, S. S., Jensen, L. A. ve Arnett, J. J. (2016). The (un)acceptability of violence against peers and dates. Journal of Adolescent Research, 15(6), 652-673.
- Courtain, A. ve Glowacz, F. (2021). Exploration of dating violence and related attitudes among adolescents and emerging adults. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(5-6), NP2975-NP2998.
- Dank, M., Lachman, P., Zweig, J. M. ve Yahner, J. (2014). Dating violence experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(5), 846-857.
- Dardis, C. M., Edwards, K. M., Kelley, E. L. ve Gidycz, C. A. (2013). Perpetrated childhood abuse and subsequent dating violence attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 22(1), 6-25.
- de La Rue, L., Polanin, J. R., Espelage, D. L. ve Pigott, T. D. (2017). A meta-analysis of school-based interventions aimed to prevent or reduce violence in teen dating relationships. Review of Educational Research, 87(1), 7-34.
- Dutton, D. G. ve Nicholls, T. L. (2005). The gender paradigm in domestic violence research and theory: Part 1—The conflict of theory and data. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 10(6), 680-714.
- Fazio, R. H. (1990). Multiple processes by which attitudes guide behavior: The Mode Model as an integrative framework. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 23(C), 75-109.
- Fernet, M., Lapierre, A., Hébert, M. ve Cousineau, M. M. (2019). A systematic review of literature on cyber intimate partner victimization in adolescent girls and women. Computers in Human Behavior, 100, 11-25.
- Gage, A. J. (2005). Women’s experience of intimate partner violence in Haiti. Social Science & Medicine, 61(2), 343-364.
- Gage, A. J. ve Hutchinson, P. L. (2006). Power, control, and intimate partner sexual violence in Haiti. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35(1), 11-24.
- Gelles, R. J. ve Maynard, P. E. (1987). A structural family systems approach to intervention in cases of family violence. Family Relations, 36(3), 270. Gilchrist, E. (2009). Implicit thinking about implicit theories in intimate partner violence. Psychology, Crime & Law, 15(2-3), 131-145.
- Gover, A. R., Kaukinen, C. ve Fox, K. A. (2008). The relationship between violence in the family of origin and dating violence among college students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23(12), 1667-1693.
- Hancock, K., Keast, H. ve Ellis, W. (2017). The impact of cyber dating abuse on self-esteem: The mediating role of emotional distress. Cyberpsychology, 11(2).
- Hansen, M. ve Harway, M. (1993). Battering and family therapy. London: SAGE Publications Inc.
- Hearn, J. (1998). The violence of men: How men talk about and how agencies respond to men’s violence to women. California: SAGE Publications Inc.
- Henning, K., Jones, A. R. ve Holdford, R. (2005). “I didn’t do it, but if I did I had a good reason”: Minimization, denial, and attributions of blame among male and female domestic violence offenders. Journal of Family Violence, 20(3), 131-139.
- Hinduja, S. ve Patchin, J. W. (2021). Digital dating abuse among a national sample of U.S. youth. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(23-24), 11088-11108.
- Katz, J., Kuffel, S. W. ve Coblentz, A. (2002). Are there gender differences in sustaining dating violence? An examination of frequency, severity, and relationship satisfaction. Journal of Family Violence, 17(3), 247-271.
- King-Ries, A. (2011). Teens, technology, and cyberstalking: The domestic violence wave of the future. Texas Journal of Women and the Law, 20(2), 131-164.
- Koenig, M. A., Lutalo, T., Zhao, F., Nalugoda, F., Wabwire-Mangen, F., Kiwanuka, N., Wagman, J., Serwadda, D., Wawer, M. ve Gray, R. (2003). Domestic violence in rural Uganda: Evidence from a community-based study. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 81(1), 53-60.
- Korchmaros, J. D., Ybarra, M. L., Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., Boyd, D. ve Lenhart, A. (2013). Perpetration of teen dating violence in a networked society. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16(8), 561-567.
- Kropp, P. R. ve Gibas, A. (2011). The spousal assault risk assessment guide (SARA). Handbook of violence risk assessment içinde (s. 237-260). Londra: Routledge.
- Lachapelle, M., Fernet, M., Hébert, M. ve Guyon, R. (2021). A mixed methods approach exploring risk factors associated with cyber dating victimization and resilience in adolescents and emerging adults. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 31(5), 1-21.
- Lara, L. (2020). Cyber dating abuse: Assessment, prevalence, and relationship with offline violence in young Chileans. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 37(5), 1681-1699.
- Lee, B. H. ve O’Sullivan, L. F. (2014). The ex-factor: Characteristics of online and offline post-relationship contact and tracking among Canadian emerging adults. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 23(2), 96-105.
- Leisring, P. A. ve Giumetti, G. W. (2014). Sticks and stones may break my bones, but abusive text messages also hurt. Partner Abuse, 5(3), 323-341.
- Lindsay, M., Booth, J. M., Messing, J. T. ve Thaller, J. (2015). Experiences of online harassment among emerging adults: Emotional reactions and the mediating role of fear. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 31(19), 3174-3195.
- Marganski, A. ve Melander, L. (2018). Intimate partner violence victimization in the cyber and real world: Examining the extent of cyber aggression experiences and its association with in-person dating violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 33(7), 1071-1095.
- Melander, L. A. (2010). College students’ perceptions of intimate partner cyber harassment. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 13(3), 263-268.
- Messinger, A. M., Birmingham, R. S. ve DeKeseredy, W. S. (2018). Perceptions of same-gender and different-gender intimate partner cyber-monitoring. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(7-8), NP4315-NP4335.
- Morelli, M., Bianchi, D., Chirumbolo, A. ve Baiocco, R. (2017). The cyber dating violence inventory. Validation of a new scale for online perpetration and victimization among dating partners. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 15(4), 464-471.
- Neidig, P. H., Friedman, D. H. ve Collins, B. S. (1985). Domestic conflict containment: A spouse abuse treatment program. Social Casework, 66(4), 195-204.
- Neuger, C. C. ve Polling, J. N. (Ed.). (2004). Men’s work in preventing violence against women. New York: Routledge.
- Nunes, K. L., Pedneault, C. I. ve Hermann, C. A. (2022). Do attitudes toward violence affect violent behavior? Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 31(7), 835-850.
- Paat, Y. F., Markham, C. ve Peskin, M. (2020). Psycho-emotional violence, its association, co-occurrence, and bidirectionality with cyber, physical and sexual violence. Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma, 13(4), 365-380.
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Siber Flört Şiddeti Mağdurları ve Faillerinde Şiddete Yönelik Tutum ve Sorumluluk Algısı
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 11 Sayı: 21, 186 - 211, 15.03.2023
Nefise Ladikli
,
Itır Tarı Cömert
Öz
Geleneksel flört şiddetinden farklı olarak, fiziksel ve zamansal sınırların ötesine geçen siber flört şiddeti yeni nesil bir toplumsal sorun olarak görülmektedir. Siber flört şiddeti sıkça geleneksel şiddet formuyla birlikte seyretmektedir. Bu araştırmada, siber flört şiddeti mağduru ve faili bireylerin şiddete yönelik kabul edici tutumları ve sorumluluk algıları arasındaki olası ilişkiler araştırılmıştır. Bulgular, şiddet uygulama ile şiddete yönelik kabul edici tutum ve sorumluluğu atfetme biçimleri arasında ilişki olduğunu; cinsiyet gruplarının şiddete yönelik tutum ve sorumluluk algılarında farklılık bulunduğunu; siber flört şiddeti mağduru ve faili olan kişilerin şiddete yönelik tutum ve sorumluluk algılarının farklılaştığını göstermektedir. Elde edilen sonuçların güncel literatür ekseninde tartışılarak sınırlı Türkçe literatüre katkıda bulunulması ve tespit edilen boşlukların paylaşılarak yeni araştırma konularına ışık tutulması hedeflenmektedir.
Kaynakça
- Akın, A., Gülşen, M., Aşut, S. ve Akca, M. (2012). Yakın İlişkilerde Şiddet Sorumluluğu Ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(2), 175-184.
- Aldarando, E. ve Cayouette, S. (Ed.). (2002). Programs for men who batter: Intervention and prevention strategies in a diverse society. New Jersey: Civic Research Institute.
- Anderson, C. A., Benjamin, A. J., Wood, P. K. ve Bonacci, A. M. (2006). Development and testing of the velicer attitudes toward violence scale: Evidence for a four-factor model. Aggressive Behavior, 32(2), 122-136.
- Bakır, A. ve Kalkan, M. (2019). Siber Flört İstismarı Ölçeği’nin Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(20), 75-95.
- Bancroft, L. (2002). Why does he do that? Inside the minds of angry and controlling men. New York: Berkley Books.
- Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Bandura, A. (1978). The self system in reciprocal determinism. American Psychologist, 33(4), 344-358.
- Bates, S. (2016). Revenge porn and mental health: A qualitative analysis of the mental health effects of revenge porn on female survivors. Feminist Criminology, 12(1), 22-42.
- Bennett, D. C., Guran, E. L., Ramos, M. C. ve Margolin, G. (2011). College students’ electronic victimization in friendships and dating relationships: Anticipated distress and associations with risky behaviors. Violence and Victims, 26(4), 410-429.
- Borrajo, E., Gámez-Guadix, M. ve Calvete, E. (2015). Cyber dating abuse: Prevalence, context, and relationship with offline dating aggression. Psychological Reports, 116(2), 565-585.
- Borrajo, E., Gámez-Guadix, M., Pereda, N. ve Calvete, E. (2015). The development and validation of the cyber dating abuse questionnaire among young couples. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 358-365.
- Brown, C., Flood, M. ve Hegarty, K. (2020). Digital dating abuse perpetration and impact: The importance of gender. Journal of Youth Studies, 25(2), 193-208.
- Brown, C. ve Hegarty, K. (2021). Development and validation of the TAR Scale: A measure of technology-facilitated abuse in relationships. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 3.
- Cauffman, E., Feldman, S. S., Jensen, L. A. ve Arnett, J. J. (2016). The (un)acceptability of violence against peers and dates. Journal of Adolescent Research, 15(6), 652-673.
- Courtain, A. ve Glowacz, F. (2021). Exploration of dating violence and related attitudes among adolescents and emerging adults. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(5-6), NP2975-NP2998.
- Dank, M., Lachman, P., Zweig, J. M. ve Yahner, J. (2014). Dating violence experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(5), 846-857.
- Dardis, C. M., Edwards, K. M., Kelley, E. L. ve Gidycz, C. A. (2013). Perpetrated childhood abuse and subsequent dating violence attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 22(1), 6-25.
- de La Rue, L., Polanin, J. R., Espelage, D. L. ve Pigott, T. D. (2017). A meta-analysis of school-based interventions aimed to prevent or reduce violence in teen dating relationships. Review of Educational Research, 87(1), 7-34.
- Dutton, D. G. ve Nicholls, T. L. (2005). The gender paradigm in domestic violence research and theory: Part 1—The conflict of theory and data. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 10(6), 680-714.
- Fazio, R. H. (1990). Multiple processes by which attitudes guide behavior: The Mode Model as an integrative framework. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 23(C), 75-109.
- Fernet, M., Lapierre, A., Hébert, M. ve Cousineau, M. M. (2019). A systematic review of literature on cyber intimate partner victimization in adolescent girls and women. Computers in Human Behavior, 100, 11-25.
- Gage, A. J. (2005). Women’s experience of intimate partner violence in Haiti. Social Science & Medicine, 61(2), 343-364.
- Gage, A. J. ve Hutchinson, P. L. (2006). Power, control, and intimate partner sexual violence in Haiti. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35(1), 11-24.
- Gelles, R. J. ve Maynard, P. E. (1987). A structural family systems approach to intervention in cases of family violence. Family Relations, 36(3), 270. Gilchrist, E. (2009). Implicit thinking about implicit theories in intimate partner violence. Psychology, Crime & Law, 15(2-3), 131-145.
- Gover, A. R., Kaukinen, C. ve Fox, K. A. (2008). The relationship between violence in the family of origin and dating violence among college students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23(12), 1667-1693.
- Hancock, K., Keast, H. ve Ellis, W. (2017). The impact of cyber dating abuse on self-esteem: The mediating role of emotional distress. Cyberpsychology, 11(2).
- Hansen, M. ve Harway, M. (1993). Battering and family therapy. London: SAGE Publications Inc.
- Hearn, J. (1998). The violence of men: How men talk about and how agencies respond to men’s violence to women. California: SAGE Publications Inc.
- Henning, K., Jones, A. R. ve Holdford, R. (2005). “I didn’t do it, but if I did I had a good reason”: Minimization, denial, and attributions of blame among male and female domestic violence offenders. Journal of Family Violence, 20(3), 131-139.
- Hinduja, S. ve Patchin, J. W. (2021). Digital dating abuse among a national sample of U.S. youth. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(23-24), 11088-11108.
- Katz, J., Kuffel, S. W. ve Coblentz, A. (2002). Are there gender differences in sustaining dating violence? An examination of frequency, severity, and relationship satisfaction. Journal of Family Violence, 17(3), 247-271.
- King-Ries, A. (2011). Teens, technology, and cyberstalking: The domestic violence wave of the future. Texas Journal of Women and the Law, 20(2), 131-164.
- Koenig, M. A., Lutalo, T., Zhao, F., Nalugoda, F., Wabwire-Mangen, F., Kiwanuka, N., Wagman, J., Serwadda, D., Wawer, M. ve Gray, R. (2003). Domestic violence in rural Uganda: Evidence from a community-based study. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 81(1), 53-60.
- Korchmaros, J. D., Ybarra, M. L., Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., Boyd, D. ve Lenhart, A. (2013). Perpetration of teen dating violence in a networked society. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16(8), 561-567.
- Kropp, P. R. ve Gibas, A. (2011). The spousal assault risk assessment guide (SARA). Handbook of violence risk assessment içinde (s. 237-260). Londra: Routledge.
- Lachapelle, M., Fernet, M., Hébert, M. ve Guyon, R. (2021). A mixed methods approach exploring risk factors associated with cyber dating victimization and resilience in adolescents and emerging adults. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 31(5), 1-21.
- Lara, L. (2020). Cyber dating abuse: Assessment, prevalence, and relationship with offline violence in young Chileans. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 37(5), 1681-1699.
- Lee, B. H. ve O’Sullivan, L. F. (2014). The ex-factor: Characteristics of online and offline post-relationship contact and tracking among Canadian emerging adults. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 23(2), 96-105.
- Leisring, P. A. ve Giumetti, G. W. (2014). Sticks and stones may break my bones, but abusive text messages also hurt. Partner Abuse, 5(3), 323-341.
- Lindsay, M., Booth, J. M., Messing, J. T. ve Thaller, J. (2015). Experiences of online harassment among emerging adults: Emotional reactions and the mediating role of fear. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 31(19), 3174-3195.
- Marganski, A. ve Melander, L. (2018). Intimate partner violence victimization in the cyber and real world: Examining the extent of cyber aggression experiences and its association with in-person dating violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 33(7), 1071-1095.
- Melander, L. A. (2010). College students’ perceptions of intimate partner cyber harassment. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 13(3), 263-268.
- Messinger, A. M., Birmingham, R. S. ve DeKeseredy, W. S. (2018). Perceptions of same-gender and different-gender intimate partner cyber-monitoring. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(7-8), NP4315-NP4335.
- Morelli, M., Bianchi, D., Chirumbolo, A. ve Baiocco, R. (2017). The cyber dating violence inventory. Validation of a new scale for online perpetration and victimization among dating partners. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 15(4), 464-471.
- Neidig, P. H., Friedman, D. H. ve Collins, B. S. (1985). Domestic conflict containment: A spouse abuse treatment program. Social Casework, 66(4), 195-204.
- Neuger, C. C. ve Polling, J. N. (Ed.). (2004). Men’s work in preventing violence against women. New York: Routledge.
- Nunes, K. L., Pedneault, C. I. ve Hermann, C. A. (2022). Do attitudes toward violence affect violent behavior? Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 31(7), 835-850.
- Paat, Y. F., Markham, C. ve Peskin, M. (2020). Psycho-emotional violence, its association, co-occurrence, and bidirectionality with cyber, physical and sexual violence. Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma, 13(4), 365-380.
- Pence, E. ve Paymar, M. (1993). Education groups for men who batter: The Duluth Model. New York: Springer.
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