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Türkiye’de İnternet Bağımlılık Profili Ve İnternet Bağımlılık Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik-Güvenirlik Çalışması

Year 2010, Volume: 39 Issue: 39, 220 - 232, 01.06.2010

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın öncelikli amacı, Türkçe internet bağımlılık ölçeği geliştirmek ve örneklem bulgularındanyola çıkarak Türkiye’deki internet bağımlılık profilini betimlemektir. Çalışmanın örneklemini, ortaöğretim kademesindeki754 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Ölçek beşli likert tipinde olup, 35 maddeden oluşmaktadır. Ölçeğin puanlanmasında; bireylerinbağımlılık durumları hakkında daha detaylı sonuçlar elde edebilmek için sınıflandırma tekniklerinden “İki AşamalıKümeleme Analizi” tekniği uygulanmıştır. Ölçeğin Cronbach alfa (a) iç tutarlık katsayısı .944 olarak bulunmuştur. Buçalışmada, yapı geçerliği için açımlayıcı (exploratory) faktör analizi, elde edilen faktör yapısının doğruluğunu test etmek içinde doğrulayıcı (confirmatory) faktör analizi yöntem olarak belirlenmiştir. Ölçek dört alt faktörden oluşmaktadır. Bu dörtfaktör; “Yoksunluk”, “Kontrol Güçlüğü”, “İşlevsellikte Bozulma” ve “Sosyal İzolasyon” olarak adlandırılmıştır. Ölçeğeilişkin toplam açıklanan varyans %47,463 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada, 754 bireyden 76’sı (%10,1) internet bağımlısıolarak tespit edilmiştir

References

  • American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington (DSM- IV), DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  • Bayraktar, F. (2001). İnternet kullanımının ergen gelişimindeki rolü. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Bayraktutan, F. (2005). Aile içi ilişkiler açısından internet kullanımı. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Sosyal Yapı – Sosyal Değişime Bilim Dalı, İstanbul.
  • Beard, K. W. & Wolf, E. M. (2001). Modification in the proposed diagnostic criteria for Internet addiction. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 4(3), 377–383.
  • Bölükbaş, K. (2003). İnternet cafeler ve internet bağımlılığı üzerine sosyolojik bir araştırma: Diyarbakır örneği. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Dicle Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Sosyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Diyarbakır.
  • Browne, M. W. & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K.A. Bollen & J.S.
  • Cao, F. & Su, L. (2007). Internet Addiction Among Chinese Adolescents: Prevalence And Psychological Features. Child: Care, Health & Development, 33(3), 275-281.
  • Caplan, S. E. (2002). Problematic Internet use and psychosocial well-being: Development of a theory-based cognitive- behavioural measurement instrument. Computers in Human Behavior, 18, 553–575.
  • Caplan, S. E. (2003). Preference for online social interaction: a theory of problematic Internet use and psychosocial well- being. Communication Research, 30(6), 625-648.
  • Caruso, D. (1998). Critics are picking apart a professor's study that linked Internet use to loneliness and depression. New York Times, C.5.
  • Ceyhan, E., Ceyhan, A. A. ve Gürcan, A. (2007). The Validity and Reliability of the Problematic Internet Usage Scale. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 7 (1), 411-416.
  • Chak, K. & Leung, L. (2004). Shyness and Locus of Control as Predictors of Internet Addiction and Internet Use. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 7(5).
  • Chang, M. K. & Man Law, S. P. (2008). Factor structure for Young’s Internet Addiction Test: A confirmatory study. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(6).
  • Chen, K., Chen, I. & Paul, H. (2001). Explaining online bahavioral differences: An Internet dependency perspective. The Journal of Computer Information Systems, 41(3), 59.
  • Chirita, V., Chirita, R. & Stefanescu C. (2007). Pathological internet use among Romanian children and teenagers. European Psychiatry, 22(1), S184.
  • Chou, C., Condron, L. & Belland, J. C. (2005). A Review of the Research on Internet Addiction. Educational Psychology Review, 17(4). 363-388.
  • Davis, R. A. (2001). A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 17, 187-195.
  • Demetrovics, Z., Szeredi, B. & Rόzsa, S. (2008). The three-factor model of internet addiction: The development of the problematic internet use questionnaire. Behavior Research Methods, 40(2), 563-574.
  • Egger, O. & Rauterberg, M. (1996). Internet Behaviour and Addiction. Unpublished master’s thesis, Work & Organisational Psychology Unit (IfAP) , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurih.
  • Esen, B. K. (2007). Akran Baskısı ve Algılanan Sosyal Destek Değişkenlerine Göre Ergenlerde İnternet Bağımlılığının Yordanması. 1.Uluslararası Bağımlılık Kongresi, İstanbul.
  • Everhard, R. A. (2000). Characteristics of pathological Internet users: An examination of on-line gamers. Unpublished doctorate’s thesis, The Department of Psychology, Spalding University.
  • Goldberg, I. (1996). Goldberg's message. Erişim tarihi 14.09.2008, http://www-usr.rider.edu/~suler/psycyber/supportgp.html
  • Gonzalez, N. A. (2002). Internet addiction disorder and its relation to impulse control. Unpublished master’s thesis, Texas A&M University – Kingsville.
  • Greenfield, D. N. (1999). Virtual addiction: Sometimes new technology can create new problems. Erişim tarihi 20.5.2008, http://www.virtual-addiction.com/pdf/ nature_internet_addiction.pdf
  • Griffiths, M. D. (1999). Internet Addiction: Fact or Fiction?. The Psychologist, 12(5), 246-250.
  • Grohol, J. (1999). Internet Addiction Guide. Erişim tarihi 24.07.2008, http://psychcentral.com/netaddiction
  • Günüç, S. ve Kayri, M. (2008). Sayısal uçurum ve internet bağımlılığı paradigmasının lojistik regresyon ile açımlanması. Ege Üniversitesi, Uluslararası II. BÖTE Sempozyumu,Kuşadası.
  • Hardie, E. & Tee, M. Y. (2007). Excessive Internet Use: The Role of Personality, Loneliness and Social Support Networks in Internet Addiction. Australian Journal of Emerging Technologies and Society, 5(1), 34-47.
  • Henderson, E. C. (2001). Understanding addiction. University Pres of Mississippi. 4-153
  • Huang, A. S. C. (2004). The bright and dark side of cyberspace: the paradoxical media effects of internet use on gratifications, addiction, social and psychological well-being among taiwan's net-generation. Unpublished doctorate’s thesis, Southern Illinois, University at Carbondale.
  • Irwansyah. (2005). Internet uses, gratifications, addiction, and loneliness among international students. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Hawaii, Department of Communication.
  • Jang, K. S., Hwang, S. Y. & Choi, J. Y. (2008). Internet Addiction and Psychiatric Symptoms Among Korean Adolescents. The Journal of School Health , 78(3).
  • Johansson, A. & Götestam, K. G. (2004). Internet addiction: Characteristics of a questionnaire and prevalence in Norwegian youth (12–18 years). Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 45, 223–229.
  • Kaltiala, H. R., Lintonen, T. & Rimpela, A. (2004). Internet Addiction? Potentially Problematic Use of The Internet in a Population of 12–18 Year-Old Adolescents. Addiction Research and Theory, 12(1), 89–96.
  • Karaca, M. (2007). Sosyolojik bir olgu olarak internet gençliği: Elazığ örneği. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, Fırat Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Sosyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Elazığ.
  • Kim, S. & Kim, R. (2002). A Study of Internet Addiction: Status, Causes, and Remedies- Focusing on the alienation factor - International Journal of Human Ecology , 3(1), 1-19.
  • Kim, K., Ryu, E. & Chon, M. Y. (2006). Internet addiction in Korean adolescents and its relation to depression and suicidal ideation: A questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43, 185–192.
  • Kiralla, L. V. (2005). Internet addiction disorder: A descriptive study of college counselors in four-year institutions. Unpublished doctorate’s thesis, Department of Organizational Leadership, University of La Verne.
  • Kwiatkowska, A., Ziolko, E. & Krysta, K. (2007). Internet Addiction and Its Social Consequences. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 17(4), 559-560.
  • Kubey, R. W., Lavin, M. J. & Barrows, J. R. (2001). Internet Use and Collegiate Academic Performance Decrements: Early Findings. Journal of Communication, 52(2), 366-382.
  • Lee, S. K., Han, D. H. & Yang, K. C. (2008). Depression Like Characteristics of 5HTTLPR Polymorphism and Temperament in Excessive Internet Users. Journal of Affective Disorders, 109, 165–169.
  • Leung, L. (2004). Net-Generation Attributes and Seductive Properties of the Internet as Predictors of Online Activities and Internet Addiction. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 7(3).
  • Lin, S. S. J. & Tsai, C. C. (2002). Sensation seeking and internet dependence of Taiwanese high school adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 18(4), 411–426.
  • McGlinchey, J. B. (2003). Internet usage of college students and relationship to psychopathology and addiction symptomatolgy. Unpublished doctorate’s thesis, University of Washington, Department of Psychology.
  • Morahan, M. J. & Schumacher, P. (2000). Incidence and correlates of pathological internet use among college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 16, 13-29.
  • Murali, V. & George, S. (2007). Lost Online: an Overview of Internet Addiction. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment , 13(1), 24–30.
  • Nalwa, K. & Anand, A. (2003). Internet Addiction in Students: A Cause of Concern. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 6(6).
  • Nichols, L. A. & Nicki, R. (2004). Development of a Psychometrically Sound Internet Addiction Scale: A Preliminary Step. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 18(4), 381–384.
  • Şeker, H. ve Gençdoğan, B. (2006). Psikolojide ve eğitimde ölçme aracı geliştirme. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Simkova, B. & Cincera, J. (2004). Internet Addiction Disorder and Chatting in the Czech Republic. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 7(5).
  • Spada, M. M., Langston, B. & Nikčević, A. V. (2008). The role of metacognitions in problematic Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(5), 2325–2335.
  • Song, I. (2003). Internet gratifications, depression, self-efficacy, and internet addiction. Unpublished master’s thesis, Michigan State University, Department of Telecommunication.
  • Tabachnick, G. B. & Fidel, L. S. (2001) Using multivariate statistics (fourth edition). USA: Allyon and Bacon Press.
  • Tekdal, A. (2005). Çukurova Üniversitesi Bilgisayar Bilimleri Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi’ndeki internet laboratuarlarını kullanan öğrencilerin profili ve bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Bilgisayar ve Öğretim Teknolojileri Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı, Adana.
  • Thatcher, A. & Goolam, S. (2005). Development and psychometric properties of the problematic internet use questionnaire. South African Journal of Psychology, 35(4), 793-809.
  • Thurlow, C., Lengel, L. & Tomic, A. (2004). Computer mediated communication: Social interaction and the internet. London: Sage Publications. 150-159.
  • Tripodaki, E., Kormas, G. & Konstantoulaki, E. (2008). Internet Use And Abuse In An Adolescent Populatıon In Athens: Associations With Psychological Profile And Lifestyle Of Users. Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics, 121, 89-90.
  • Tsai, C. & Lin, S. (2003). Internet Addiction of Adolescents in Taiwan: An Interview Study. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 6(6).
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2008). www.tuik.gov.tr sitesinden 11.09.2008 tarihinde elde edilmiştir.
  • Tvedt, H. (2007). Internet Use and Related Factors Among Fifth-Graders. Unpublished master’s thesis, Umeå University, Department of Psychology.
  • Yang, C. K., Choe, B. M. & Baity, M. (2005). SCL-90-R and 16PF Profiles of Senior High School Students With Excessive Internet Use. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 50(7), 407.
  • Yellowlees, P. & Marks, S. (2007). Problematic Internet use or Internet addiction?. Computers in Human Behaviour, 23.
  • Yen, J. Y., Yen, C. F. & Chen, C. C. (2007). Family Factors of Internet Addiction and Substance Use Experience in Taiwanese Adolescents. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 10(3).
  • Young, K. S. (1996). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 1(3), 237-244.
  • Young, K. S. (2004). Internet Addiction: A New Clinical Phenomenon and Its Consequences. American Behavioral Scientist, 48(4), 402-415.
  • Young, K. S. & Case, C. J. (2004). Internet Abuse in the Workplace: New Trends in Risk Management. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 7(1). 105-111.
  • Young, K. S. & Rodgers, R. (1998). The Relationship Between Depression and Internet Addiction. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 1(1), 25-28.
  • Wang, W. (2001). Internet dependency and psychosocial maturity among college students. Int. J. Human-Computer Studies, 55, 919-938.
  • Weitzman, G. D. (2000). Family and individual finctioning and computer / internet addiction. Unpublished doctorate’s thesis, University At Albany, State University of New York.
Year 2010, Volume: 39 Issue: 39, 220 - 232, 01.06.2010

Abstract

References

  • American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington (DSM- IV), DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  • Bayraktar, F. (2001). İnternet kullanımının ergen gelişimindeki rolü. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Bayraktutan, F. (2005). Aile içi ilişkiler açısından internet kullanımı. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Sosyal Yapı – Sosyal Değişime Bilim Dalı, İstanbul.
  • Beard, K. W. & Wolf, E. M. (2001). Modification in the proposed diagnostic criteria for Internet addiction. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 4(3), 377–383.
  • Bölükbaş, K. (2003). İnternet cafeler ve internet bağımlılığı üzerine sosyolojik bir araştırma: Diyarbakır örneği. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Dicle Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Sosyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Diyarbakır.
  • Browne, M. W. & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K.A. Bollen & J.S.
  • Cao, F. & Su, L. (2007). Internet Addiction Among Chinese Adolescents: Prevalence And Psychological Features. Child: Care, Health & Development, 33(3), 275-281.
  • Caplan, S. E. (2002). Problematic Internet use and psychosocial well-being: Development of a theory-based cognitive- behavioural measurement instrument. Computers in Human Behavior, 18, 553–575.
  • Caplan, S. E. (2003). Preference for online social interaction: a theory of problematic Internet use and psychosocial well- being. Communication Research, 30(6), 625-648.
  • Caruso, D. (1998). Critics are picking apart a professor's study that linked Internet use to loneliness and depression. New York Times, C.5.
  • Ceyhan, E., Ceyhan, A. A. ve Gürcan, A. (2007). The Validity and Reliability of the Problematic Internet Usage Scale. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 7 (1), 411-416.
  • Chak, K. & Leung, L. (2004). Shyness and Locus of Control as Predictors of Internet Addiction and Internet Use. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 7(5).
  • Chang, M. K. & Man Law, S. P. (2008). Factor structure for Young’s Internet Addiction Test: A confirmatory study. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(6).
  • Chen, K., Chen, I. & Paul, H. (2001). Explaining online bahavioral differences: An Internet dependency perspective. The Journal of Computer Information Systems, 41(3), 59.
  • Chirita, V., Chirita, R. & Stefanescu C. (2007). Pathological internet use among Romanian children and teenagers. European Psychiatry, 22(1), S184.
  • Chou, C., Condron, L. & Belland, J. C. (2005). A Review of the Research on Internet Addiction. Educational Psychology Review, 17(4). 363-388.
  • Davis, R. A. (2001). A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 17, 187-195.
  • Demetrovics, Z., Szeredi, B. & Rόzsa, S. (2008). The three-factor model of internet addiction: The development of the problematic internet use questionnaire. Behavior Research Methods, 40(2), 563-574.
  • Egger, O. & Rauterberg, M. (1996). Internet Behaviour and Addiction. Unpublished master’s thesis, Work & Organisational Psychology Unit (IfAP) , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurih.
  • Esen, B. K. (2007). Akran Baskısı ve Algılanan Sosyal Destek Değişkenlerine Göre Ergenlerde İnternet Bağımlılığının Yordanması. 1.Uluslararası Bağımlılık Kongresi, İstanbul.
  • Everhard, R. A. (2000). Characteristics of pathological Internet users: An examination of on-line gamers. Unpublished doctorate’s thesis, The Department of Psychology, Spalding University.
  • Goldberg, I. (1996). Goldberg's message. Erişim tarihi 14.09.2008, http://www-usr.rider.edu/~suler/psycyber/supportgp.html
  • Gonzalez, N. A. (2002). Internet addiction disorder and its relation to impulse control. Unpublished master’s thesis, Texas A&M University – Kingsville.
  • Greenfield, D. N. (1999). Virtual addiction: Sometimes new technology can create new problems. Erişim tarihi 20.5.2008, http://www.virtual-addiction.com/pdf/ nature_internet_addiction.pdf
  • Griffiths, M. D. (1999). Internet Addiction: Fact or Fiction?. The Psychologist, 12(5), 246-250.
  • Grohol, J. (1999). Internet Addiction Guide. Erişim tarihi 24.07.2008, http://psychcentral.com/netaddiction
  • Günüç, S. ve Kayri, M. (2008). Sayısal uçurum ve internet bağımlılığı paradigmasının lojistik regresyon ile açımlanması. Ege Üniversitesi, Uluslararası II. BÖTE Sempozyumu,Kuşadası.
  • Hardie, E. & Tee, M. Y. (2007). Excessive Internet Use: The Role of Personality, Loneliness and Social Support Networks in Internet Addiction. Australian Journal of Emerging Technologies and Society, 5(1), 34-47.
  • Henderson, E. C. (2001). Understanding addiction. University Pres of Mississippi. 4-153
  • Huang, A. S. C. (2004). The bright and dark side of cyberspace: the paradoxical media effects of internet use on gratifications, addiction, social and psychological well-being among taiwan's net-generation. Unpublished doctorate’s thesis, Southern Illinois, University at Carbondale.
  • Irwansyah. (2005). Internet uses, gratifications, addiction, and loneliness among international students. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Hawaii, Department of Communication.
  • Jang, K. S., Hwang, S. Y. & Choi, J. Y. (2008). Internet Addiction and Psychiatric Symptoms Among Korean Adolescents. The Journal of School Health , 78(3).
  • Johansson, A. & Götestam, K. G. (2004). Internet addiction: Characteristics of a questionnaire and prevalence in Norwegian youth (12–18 years). Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 45, 223–229.
  • Kaltiala, H. R., Lintonen, T. & Rimpela, A. (2004). Internet Addiction? Potentially Problematic Use of The Internet in a Population of 12–18 Year-Old Adolescents. Addiction Research and Theory, 12(1), 89–96.
  • Karaca, M. (2007). Sosyolojik bir olgu olarak internet gençliği: Elazığ örneği. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, Fırat Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Sosyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Elazığ.
  • Kim, S. & Kim, R. (2002). A Study of Internet Addiction: Status, Causes, and Remedies- Focusing on the alienation factor - International Journal of Human Ecology , 3(1), 1-19.
  • Kim, K., Ryu, E. & Chon, M. Y. (2006). Internet addiction in Korean adolescents and its relation to depression and suicidal ideation: A questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43, 185–192.
  • Kiralla, L. V. (2005). Internet addiction disorder: A descriptive study of college counselors in four-year institutions. Unpublished doctorate’s thesis, Department of Organizational Leadership, University of La Verne.
  • Kwiatkowska, A., Ziolko, E. & Krysta, K. (2007). Internet Addiction and Its Social Consequences. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 17(4), 559-560.
  • Kubey, R. W., Lavin, M. J. & Barrows, J. R. (2001). Internet Use and Collegiate Academic Performance Decrements: Early Findings. Journal of Communication, 52(2), 366-382.
  • Lee, S. K., Han, D. H. & Yang, K. C. (2008). Depression Like Characteristics of 5HTTLPR Polymorphism and Temperament in Excessive Internet Users. Journal of Affective Disorders, 109, 165–169.
  • Leung, L. (2004). Net-Generation Attributes and Seductive Properties of the Internet as Predictors of Online Activities and Internet Addiction. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 7(3).
  • Lin, S. S. J. & Tsai, C. C. (2002). Sensation seeking and internet dependence of Taiwanese high school adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 18(4), 411–426.
  • McGlinchey, J. B. (2003). Internet usage of college students and relationship to psychopathology and addiction symptomatolgy. Unpublished doctorate’s thesis, University of Washington, Department of Psychology.
  • Morahan, M. J. & Schumacher, P. (2000). Incidence and correlates of pathological internet use among college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 16, 13-29.
  • Murali, V. & George, S. (2007). Lost Online: an Overview of Internet Addiction. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment , 13(1), 24–30.
  • Nalwa, K. & Anand, A. (2003). Internet Addiction in Students: A Cause of Concern. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 6(6).
  • Nichols, L. A. & Nicki, R. (2004). Development of a Psychometrically Sound Internet Addiction Scale: A Preliminary Step. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 18(4), 381–384.
  • Şeker, H. ve Gençdoğan, B. (2006). Psikolojide ve eğitimde ölçme aracı geliştirme. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Simkova, B. & Cincera, J. (2004). Internet Addiction Disorder and Chatting in the Czech Republic. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 7(5).
  • Spada, M. M., Langston, B. & Nikčević, A. V. (2008). The role of metacognitions in problematic Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(5), 2325–2335.
  • Song, I. (2003). Internet gratifications, depression, self-efficacy, and internet addiction. Unpublished master’s thesis, Michigan State University, Department of Telecommunication.
  • Tabachnick, G. B. & Fidel, L. S. (2001) Using multivariate statistics (fourth edition). USA: Allyon and Bacon Press.
  • Tekdal, A. (2005). Çukurova Üniversitesi Bilgisayar Bilimleri Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi’ndeki internet laboratuarlarını kullanan öğrencilerin profili ve bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Bilgisayar ve Öğretim Teknolojileri Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı, Adana.
  • Thatcher, A. & Goolam, S. (2005). Development and psychometric properties of the problematic internet use questionnaire. South African Journal of Psychology, 35(4), 793-809.
  • Thurlow, C., Lengel, L. & Tomic, A. (2004). Computer mediated communication: Social interaction and the internet. London: Sage Publications. 150-159.
  • Tripodaki, E., Kormas, G. & Konstantoulaki, E. (2008). Internet Use And Abuse In An Adolescent Populatıon In Athens: Associations With Psychological Profile And Lifestyle Of Users. Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics, 121, 89-90.
  • Tsai, C. & Lin, S. (2003). Internet Addiction of Adolescents in Taiwan: An Interview Study. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 6(6).
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2008). www.tuik.gov.tr sitesinden 11.09.2008 tarihinde elde edilmiştir.
  • Tvedt, H. (2007). Internet Use and Related Factors Among Fifth-Graders. Unpublished master’s thesis, Umeå University, Department of Psychology.
  • Yang, C. K., Choe, B. M. & Baity, M. (2005). SCL-90-R and 16PF Profiles of Senior High School Students With Excessive Internet Use. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 50(7), 407.
  • Yellowlees, P. & Marks, S. (2007). Problematic Internet use or Internet addiction?. Computers in Human Behaviour, 23.
  • Yen, J. Y., Yen, C. F. & Chen, C. C. (2007). Family Factors of Internet Addiction and Substance Use Experience in Taiwanese Adolescents. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 10(3).
  • Young, K. S. (1996). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 1(3), 237-244.
  • Young, K. S. (2004). Internet Addiction: A New Clinical Phenomenon and Its Consequences. American Behavioral Scientist, 48(4), 402-415.
  • Young, K. S. & Case, C. J. (2004). Internet Abuse in the Workplace: New Trends in Risk Management. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 7(1). 105-111.
  • Young, K. S. & Rodgers, R. (1998). The Relationship Between Depression and Internet Addiction. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 1(1), 25-28.
  • Wang, W. (2001). Internet dependency and psychosocial maturity among college students. Int. J. Human-Computer Studies, 55, 919-938.
  • Weitzman, G. D. (2000). Family and individual finctioning and computer / internet addiction. Unpublished doctorate’s thesis, University At Albany, State University of New York.
There are 69 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Selim Günüç This is me

Murat Kayri This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2010
Published in Issue Year 2010 Volume: 39 Issue: 39

Cite

APA Günüç, S., & Kayri, M. (2010). Türkiye’de İnternet Bağımlılık Profili Ve İnternet Bağımlılık Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik-Güvenirlik Çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 39(39), 220-232.