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YÜKSEK TEKNOLOJİ ÜRÜN İHRACATINI BELİRLEYEN MAKROEKONOMİK FAKTÖRLER ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ

Year 2022, , 343 - 367, 28.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.947776

Abstract

Teknolojinin ulusal düzeyde ortaya çıkması ve uluslararası yayılım göstermesi sadece mühendislik ve uygulamalı disiplinler tarafından değil aynı zamanda iktisadi koşullar tarafından belirlenen bir olgudur. Teknoloji yoğun ihracatın iktisadi faktörlerini araştıran mevcut ampirik literatürde farklı bulgu ve kanıtlar sunulmaktadır. Bu çalışma, sofistike ve teknoloji yoğun ihracatın (HT) makro iktisadi belirleyicilerini tespit etmeye yönelik literatürde bulunan aktif bir tartışmaya ağırlıklı olarak orta ve yüksek gelir grubundaki ülkeler örnekleminde katkı sunmaktadır. İhracat sofistikasyon düzeyi HT payı yanı sıra EXPY endeksiyle hesaplanmıştır. Analiz panel veri ekonometrisi yöntemleriyle 1988-2017 dönemi ve 49 ülke için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Açıklayıcı değişkenler olarak fiziki-beşeri sermaye, Ar-Ge, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar, döviz kuru ve ülke ölçeği seçilmiştir. Ekonometrik bulgular, yerel teknolojik kapasiteyi oluşturan fiziki sermaye, beşeri sermaye ve Ar-Ge harcamalarının HT ihracatının baskın kaynakları olduğunu göstermektedir. HT ihracatı artışında ulusal teknolojik kapasiteyle birlikte yayılım ve ölçek etkileri de önemlidir. Beşerî sermaye önemli bir düzeyde ve üstelik diğer bütün değişkenlerin hepsinden daha fazla HT ihracatını artırmaktadır. Doğrudan yabancı yatırımların yayılım etkisi anlamlıdır ancak etkinin boyutu ulusal teknolojik kapasiteyi oluşturan değişkenlerin boyutundan daha düşüktür. Sonuçlar, kamu politikalarının eğitim, yatırım ve Ar-Ge alanlarındaki kompozisyonun önemine işaret etmektedir.

References

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AN EMPRCAL ANALYSS ON MACROECONOMC FACTORS DETERMNNG HGH-TECH EXPORTS

Year 2022, , 343 - 367, 28.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.947776

Abstract

The emergence of technology at the national level and its international spillovers is a phenomenon determined not only by engineering and applied disciplines but also by economic conditions. Different findings are presented in the existing empirical literature investigating the economic factors of technology-intensive (HT) exports. This study contributes to an active debate in the literature on identifying the macroeconomic determinants of HT exports, mainly in the sample of middle and high-income countries. Export sophistication level was calculated with HT ratio and EXPY index. The analysis was carried out between 1988 and 2017 in 49 countries. Physical and human capital, research and development (R&D), foreign direct investments, exchange rate and country scale were chosen as explanatory variables. Findings show that physical and human capital, R&D expenditures, which constitute local technological capacity, are the primary sources of HT exports. Along with the national technological capacity, diffusion and scale effects are also important in the increase in HT exports. Human capital increases HT exports more than any other variable. The spillover effect of foreign direct investments is significant, but the magnitude is lower than the size of the variables that make up the national technological capacity. The results point to the importance of the composition of public policies in the fields of education, investment, and R&D.

References

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  • Bayar, Y., Remeikienė, R., & Gasparėnienė, L. (2020). Intellectual property rights, R&D expenditures, and high-tech exports in the EU transition economies. Journal of International Studies, 13(1), 143-154. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2020/13-1/.9
  • Blanchard, E. J., & Olney, W. W. (2017). Globalization and human capital investment: Export composition drives educational attainment. Journal of International Economics, 106, 165-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2017.03.004.
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  • Fagerberg, J (1996). Technology and competitiveness. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 12(3), 39-51. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23606440.
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  • Finger, J. M., & Kreinin, M. E. (1979). A Measure of Export Similarity' and its Possible Uses. The Economic Journal, 89(356), 905-912. https://doi.org/10.2307/2231506.
  • Gan, S., & Cheng, D. (2020). Exchange rate appreciation, R&D, and export sophistication: Evidence from China. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 29(2), 237-246. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2019.1657171.
  • Goya, D. (2020). The exchange rate and export variety: A cross-country analysis with long panel estimators. International Review of Economics & Finance, 70, 649-665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2020.07.001.
  • Göçer, İ. (2013). Ar-Ge harcamalarının yüksek teknoloji ürün ihracatı, dış ticaret dengesi ve ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkileri. Maliye Dergisi, 165(2), 215-240.
  • Gökmen, Y., & Turen, U. (2013). The determinants of high technology exports volume: A panel data analysis of EU-15 countries. International Journal of Management, Economics and Social Sciences, 2(3), 217-232.
  • Granger, C. W. J., & Newbold, P. (1974). Spurious regressions in econometrics. Journal of Econometrics, 2(2), 111-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(74)90034-7.
  • Griliches, Z. (1979). Issues in assessing the contribution of research and development to productivity growth. The Bell Journal of Economics, 10(1), 92-116. https://doi.org/10.2307/3003321.
  • Grossman, G. M., & Helpman, E. (1991). Trade, knowledge spillovers, and growth. European Economic Review, 35(2-3), 517-526. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(91)90153-A.
  • Günes, S., Gürel, S. P., Karadam, D. Y., & Akin, T. (2020). The analysis of main determinants of high technology exports: A panel data analysis. Kafkas University. Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences. Journal, 11(21), 235-260. https://doi.org/10.36543/kauiibfd.2020.012.
  • Hausmann, R., Hwang, J., & Rodrik, D. (2007). What you export matters. Journal of Economic Growth, 12(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-006-9009-4.
  • Herzer, D (2011). The long-run relationship between outward foreign direct ınvestment and total factor productivity: Evidence for developing countries. The Journal of Development Studies, 47(5), 767-785. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2010.509790.
  • Hidalgo, C. A., & Hausmann, R. (2009). The building blocks of economic complexity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(26), 10570-10575. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0900943106.
  • Hűseyni, İ., & Çakmak, E. (2019). Determinants of export sophistication: An investigation for selected developed and developing countries using second-generation panel data analyses. Ekonomický Časopis, 67(5), 481-503.
  • Hüseyni, İ. (2017). Doğrudan yabancı yatırımların ihracatın sofistike değeri üzerindeki etkisi: BRICS ülkeleri ve Türkiye. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(4), 79-95. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.372399.
  • Kabaklarlı, E., Duran, M. S., & Üçler, Y. T. (2017, October). The determinants of high-technology exports: A panel data approach for selected OECD countries. In DIEM: Dubrovnik International Economic Meeting (Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 888-900). Sveučilište u Dubrovniku.
  • Kao, C. (1999). Spurious regression and residual-based tests for cointegration in panel data. Journal of Econometrics, 90(1), 1-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(98)00023-2. Kennedy, P. (2008). A Guide to Econometrics (6 ed.). USA: Blackwell Publication.
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There are 70 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Devran Şanlı 0000-0003-4106-3799

Aziz Konukman 0000-0003-0269-3245

Publication Date June 28, 2022
Submission Date June 3, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Şanlı, D., & Konukman, A. (2022). YÜKSEK TEKNOLOJİ ÜRÜN İHRACATINI BELİRLEYEN MAKROEKONOMİK FAKTÖRLER ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 40(2), 343-367. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.947776
AMA Şanlı D, Konukman A. YÜKSEK TEKNOLOJİ ÜRÜN İHRACATINI BELİRLEYEN MAKROEKONOMİK FAKTÖRLER ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. June 2022;40(2):343-367. doi:10.17065/huniibf.947776
Chicago Şanlı, Devran, and Aziz Konukman. “YÜKSEK TEKNOLOJİ ÜRÜN İHRACATINI BELİRLEYEN MAKROEKONOMİK FAKTÖRLER ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 40, no. 2 (June 2022): 343-67. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.947776.
EndNote Şanlı D, Konukman A (June 1, 2022) YÜKSEK TEKNOLOJİ ÜRÜN İHRACATINI BELİRLEYEN MAKROEKONOMİK FAKTÖRLER ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 40 2 343–367.
IEEE D. Şanlı and A. Konukman, “YÜKSEK TEKNOLOJİ ÜRÜN İHRACATINI BELİRLEYEN MAKROEKONOMİK FAKTÖRLER ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 343–367, 2022, doi: 10.17065/huniibf.947776.
ISNAD Şanlı, Devran - Konukman, Aziz. “YÜKSEK TEKNOLOJİ ÜRÜN İHRACATINI BELİRLEYEN MAKROEKONOMİK FAKTÖRLER ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 40/2 (June 2022), 343-367. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.947776.
JAMA Şanlı D, Konukman A. YÜKSEK TEKNOLOJİ ÜRÜN İHRACATINI BELİRLEYEN MAKROEKONOMİK FAKTÖRLER ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2022;40:343–367.
MLA Şanlı, Devran and Aziz Konukman. “YÜKSEK TEKNOLOJİ ÜRÜN İHRACATINI BELİRLEYEN MAKROEKONOMİK FAKTÖRLER ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 40, no. 2, 2022, pp. 343-67, doi:10.17065/huniibf.947776.
Vancouver Şanlı D, Konukman A. YÜKSEK TEKNOLOJİ ÜRÜN İHRACATINI BELİRLEYEN MAKROEKONOMİK FAKTÖRLER ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2022;40(2):343-67.

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