The Effect of Locus of Control, Generalized Self-Effıcacy, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Justice Perception on Organızational Citizenship Behavior: A Study on Public Sector Employees in Ankara

Year 2010, Volume: 28 Issue: 2, 195 - 220, 31.12.1899

Harun Şeşen

Abstract

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is an important
factor that promotes efficient, effective and high performance. OCB is affected
by individual’s attitudes, behaviors, and perceptions about the organization
and in this context; one might mention many antecedents of OCB. In present
study, the relation between OCB and locus of control, generalized
self-efficacy, job satisfaction and organizational justice perception as
antecedents was searched in a group of 156 white-collar employees who were
studying in public sector and then it was tried to complete the deficiencies in
comprehensive model approach of previous studies. The findings showed that while
the independent variables had significant relations with OCBs toward
organization (OCB-O), OCBs toward individuals (OCB-I) had relation only with
generalized self-efficacy.

 

Keywords

Locus of control, generalized self-efficacy, job satisfaction, organizational justice, organizational citizenship behavior

KONTROL ODAĞI, GENEL ÖZ YETERLİK, İŞ TATMİNİ VE ÖRGÜTSEL ADALET ALGISININ ÖRGÜTSEL VATANDAŞLIK DAVRANIŞINA ETKİSİ: ANKARA’DA BULUNAN KAMU KURUMLARINDA BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Abstract

Örgütsel
vatandaşlık davranışı (ÖVD) verimli, etkili ve yüksek performanslı çalışmayı
kolaylaştıran önemli bir faktördür. ÖVD, bireylerin
örgüte karşı tutum, davranış ve algılarından etkilenmekte, bu bağlamda anılan
davranışları etkileyen birçok öncülden söz edilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada,
söz konusu öncüller kapsamında kontrol odağı, genel öz yeterlik, iş tatmini ve
örgütsel adalet algısının ÖVD ile ilişkisi kamuda çalışan 156 yönetici üzerinde
değerlendirilmiş; daha önce yapılmış çalışmalarda görülen bütüncül yaklaşım
konusundaki eksiklikler tamamlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, bağımsız
değişkenlerle örgüte yönelik ÖVD’ler (ÖVD-Ö) arasında bir ilişki olduğunu;
ancak, kişilere yönelik ÖVD’lerin (ÖVD-K) sadece öz yeterlikle ilişkisi
olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

Keywords

Kontrol odağı, genel öz yeterlik, iş tatmini, örgütsel adalet, örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı

References

• Adams, J.S. (1965) “Inequity in social Exchange”, L. Berkowitz (ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, New York: Academic Press.
• Ambrose, M. (2002) “Contemporary justice research: a new look at familiar questions”, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 89, 803-812.
• Andrisani, P. and G. Nestel (1976) “Internal-External Control As Contributor to An Outcome of Work Experience”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 61, 156-166.
• Aquino, K. (1995) Relationships Among Pay Inequity, Perceptions of Procedural Justice, and Organizational Citizenship, Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 8, 21–33. Bandura, A. (1977) “Self-Efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change”, Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215.
• Bandura, A. (1995) Self-Efficacy in Changing Societies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Bandura, A. (2000) “Cultivate Self-Efficacy for Personal and Organizational Effectiveness”, E.A.Locke (Ed.), Handbook of Principles of Organizational Behavior, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 120–135.
• Bandura, A. (2002) “Growing Primacy of Human Agency in Adaptation and Change in the Electronic Era”, European Psychologist, 7(1), 2–16.
• Basım, N. ve H. Şeşen (2006) “Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Ölçeği Uyarlama ve Karşılaştırma Çalışması”, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 61(4), 83-102.
• Basım, N., ve H. Şeşen (2009) “Örgütsel Adalet Algısı-Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı İlişkisinde İş Tatmininin Aracılık Rolü”, 17 nci Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi, Eskişehir, 21-23 Mayıs.
• Bateman, T.S. and D.W. Organ (1983) “Job Satisfaction and the Good Soldier: The Relationship between Affect and Employee Citizenship”, Academy of Management Journal, 26, 587-595.
• Bernardi, R.A. (2001) “A Theoretical Model for The Relationship Among Stress, Locus of Control and Longevity”, Business Forum, 26, 27-33.
• Bies, R. and J. Moag (1986) “Interactional Justice: Communication Criteria of Fairness”, Research on Negotiation in Organizations, No. 1, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
• Brief, A.P. and S.J. Motowidlo (1986) “Prosocial Organizational Behaviors”, Academy of Management Review, 11(4) 710-725.
• Cho, J., and S. Kim (2009) “Procedural Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Social İdentity Motive”, International Journal of Business Research, 9(6), 107-113.
• Cohen-Charash, Y. and P.E. Spector (2001) “The Role of Justice in Organizations: A Meta-Analysis”, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,. 86, 278-321.
• Colquitt, J.A. (2001) “On the Dimensionality of Organizational Justice: a Construct Validation of a Measure”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 386-400.
• Colquitt, J.A., D.E. Conlon, M.J. Wesson, C.O.L.H. Porter and K.Y. Ng, (2001) “Justice at the Millennium: A Meta-Analytic Review of 25 years of Organizational Justice Research”, Journal of Applied Psychology,. 86: 425–445. Dağ, İ. (1991) “Rotter’in İç-Dış Kontrol Odağı Ölçeği (RİDKOÖ)’nin Üniversite Öğrencileri İçin Güvenirliği ve Geçerliği”, Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(26), 10-16.
• Dağ, İ. (2002) “Kontrol Odağı Ölçeği (KOÖ): Ölçek Geliştirme, Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Çalışması”, Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 17(49), 77-90.
• Dipboye, R.L. (1994), “Structured and Unstructured Selection Interviews: Beyond the job-fit Model”, G. Ferris (Ed.), Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 12, 79–123, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
• Ehrhart, M.G. (2004) “Leadership and Procedural Justice Climate as Antecedents of Unit-level Organizational Citizenship Behavior”, Personnel Psychology, 57, 61-94.
• Eisenberger, R., R. Huntington, S. Hutchison, and D. Sowa (1986) “Perceived Organizational Support”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 500-507.
• Ertürk, A. (2007) “Increasing Organizational Citizenship Behaviors of Turkish Academicians”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 257-270.
• Feather, N.T. and K.A. Rauter (2004) “Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in Relation to Job Status, Job Insecurity, Organizational Commitment and Identification, Job Satisfaction and Work Values”, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77: 81-94.
• Foote, D.A., and T.L. Tang (2008) “Job Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior”, Management Decision, 46(6), 933-947.
• Greenberg, J. (1990) “Organizational Justice: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow” Journal of Management,.16, 399-432.
• Greenberg, J. (1993) “The Social Side of Fairness: Interpersonal and Informational Classes of Organizational Justice”, in R. Cropanzano (Ed.), Justice in the Workplace: Approaching Fairness in Human Resource Management Associates, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 79-103.
• Hackman, J.R. and G.R. Oldham (1975) “Development of the Job Diagnostic Survey”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, 159-170.
• Hoffman, B.J., C.A.. Blair, J.P. Meriac, and D.J. Woehr (2007) “Expanding the Criterion Domain? A Quantitative Review of the OCB Literature”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(2), 555-566.
• Iverson, R.D. and C. Maguire (2000) “The Relationship Between Job and Life Satisfaction: Evidence from a Remote Mining Community”, Human Relations, 53(6), 807-839.
• İşbaşı, J.Ö. (2001) “Çalışanların Yöneticilerine Duydukları Güvenin ve Örgütsel Adalete İlişkin Algılamalarının Vatandaşlık Davranışının Oluşumundaki Rolü”, Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1) 51-73.
• Jerusalem, M. and R. Schwarzer (1992) “Self-Efficacy As Resource Theory in Stress Appraisal Process” in R. Schwarzer (Ed.) Self-Efficacy: Thought Control of Action, Hemisphere: Washington DC, 195-213.
• Karriker, J.H. and M.L. Williams (2009) “Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Mediated Multifoci Model”, Journal of Management, 35(1), 112-135.
• Konovsky, M.A. and D.W. Organ (1996) “Dispositional and Contextual Determinants of Organizational Citizenship Behavior”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 17, 253-266.
• Konovsky, M.A. and R. Folger (1991) “The Effects of Procedures, Social Accounts, and Benefits Level on Victims’ Layoff Reactions”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 21, 630-650.
• Kuehn, K. W. and Y. Al-Busaidi (2002) “Citizenship behavior in a Non-Western Context: An Examination of the Role of Satisfaction, Commitment and Job Characteristics on Self-Reported OCB”, IJCM, 12(2) 107-125.
• Küçükkaragöz, H. (1998) İlkokul Öğretmenlerinde Kontrol Odağı ve Öğrencilerinin Kontrol Odağının Oluşumuna Etkileri, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İzmir, Türkiye.
• Lapierre, L.M. and R.D. Hackett (2007) “Trait Conscientiousness, Leader-Member Exchange, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: A test of an Integrative Model”, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 80, 539-554.
• Lee, J. (2001) “Leader-Member Exchange, Perceived Organizational Justice, and Cooperative Communication”, Management Communication Quarterly, 14, 574-583.
• Li, N., J.M. Crant and J. Liang (2010) “The Role of Proactive Personality in Job Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Relational Perspective”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(2), 395-404.
• Loosemore, M. and A.S.Y. Lam (2004) “The Locus of Control: A Determinant of Opportunistic Behaviour in Construction Health And Safety”, Construction Management and Economics, 22, 385-394.
• Luszczynska, A., U. Scholz and R. Schwarzer (2005) “The General Self-Efficacy Scale: Multicultural Validation Studies”, The Journal of Psychology, 139(5), 439-457.
• McNeely, B. L. and B.M. Meglino (1994) “The Role of Dispositional and Situational Antecedents in Prosocial Organizational Behavior: an Examination of the Intended Beneficiaries of Prosocial Behavior”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(6) 836-844.
• Moorman, R.H. (1991) “Relationship between Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: Do Fairness Perceptions Influence Employee Citizenship?”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(6) 845-855.
• Moorman, R.H. and G.L. Blakely (1995), “Individualism – Collectivism as an Individual Difference Predictor of Organizational Citizenship Behavior”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16, 127-142.
• Moorman, R.H., G.L. Blakely and B.P. Niehoff (1998), “Does Perceived Organizational Support Mediate the Relationship Between Procedural Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior?”, Academy of Management Journal, 41(3), 351-357.
• Morrison, E.W. (1994) “Role Definitions and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Importance of the Employee’s Perspective”, Academy of Management Journal, 37, 1543-1567.
• Muhammad, A.H. (2004) “Procedural Justice as Mediator Between Participation in Decision-Making and Organizational Citizenship Behavior”, IJCM, 14(3), 58-67.
• Murphy, G., J. Athanasou, and N. King (2002) “Job Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Study of Australian Human-service Professionals”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17(4), 287-297.
• Nowakovski, J.M. and D.E. Conlon (2005) “Organizational Justice: Looking Back, Looking Forward”, International Journal of Conflict Management, 16(1), 4-29.
• O’Reilly, R. and J. Chatman (1986) “Organizational Commitment and Psychological Attachment: The Effects of Compliance, Identification and Internalization on Prosocial Behavior”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3) 492-499.
• Organ, D.W. (1988) Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome, Lexington, England: Lexington Books.
• Organ, D.W. and A. Lingly (1995) “Personality, Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior”, Journal of Social Psychology, 135(3) 339-350. Organ, D.W. and K.A. Ryan (1995) “A Meta-Analitic Review of Attitudinal and Dispositional Predictors of Organizational Citizenship Behavior”, Personnel Psychology, 48, 775-802.
• Organ, D.W. and M. Konovsky (1989) “Cognitive versus Affective Determinants of Organizational Citizenship Behavior”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(1), 157-164.
• Organ, D.W. and R.H. Moorman (1993) “Fairness and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: What are the Connections?”, Social Justice Research, 6, 5-18.
• Özen, Ş. (1996) Bürokratik Kültür-1:Yönetsel Değerlerin Toplumsal Temelleri. Ankara: TODAİE Yayınları.
• Podsakoff, P.M., S.B. Mackenzie, J.B. Paine and D.G. Bachrach (2000) “Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Critical Review of the Theoritical and Empirical Literature and Suggestions for Future Research”, Journal of Management, 26(3), 513-563.
• Rifai, H.A. (2005) “A Test of the Relationships Among Perceptions of Justice, Job Satisfaction, Affective Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior”, Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business, 7(2), 131-154.
• Robbins, S.P. (1999) Organizational Behavior. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
• Rotter, J.B. (1966) “Generalized Expectancies for Internal and External Control of Reinforcement”, Psychological Monographs, 80, 1-28.
• Royle, M.T., A.T. Hall, W.A. Hochwarter, P.L. Perrew and G.R. Ferris (2005) “The Interactive Effects of Accountability and Job Self-Efficacy on Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Political Behavior”, Organizational Analysis, 13(1), 53-71.
• Salas, E. and J.A. Cannon-Bowers (2001) “The Science of Training: A Decade of Progress”, Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 471-499.
• Savaşır, I. ve N.H. Şahin (1997) Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapiler: En Sık Kullanılan Ölçekler, Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
• Schwarzer, R., J. Mueller and E. Greenglass (1999) “Assessment of General Perceived Self-Efficacy on the Internet: Data Collection in Cyberspace”, Anxiety Stress and Coping, 12(2), 145-161.
• Silvester, J., M.F. Gough, N.R. Anderson and A. R. Mohamed (2002) Locus of Control, Attributions and Impression Management in the Selection Interview. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 75, 59-76.
• Smith, C.A., D. Organ and Y. Near (1983) “Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 68(4), 653-663.
• Smith, S.A., S.J. Kass, R.J. Rotunda and S.K. Schneider (2006) “If at First You Don’t Succeed: Effects of Failure on General and Task-Specific Self-Efficacy and Performance”, North American Journal of Psychology, 8(1), 171-182.
• Solmuş, T. (2004) “İş Yaşamı, Denetim Odağı ve Beş Faktörlük Kişilik Modeli”, Türk Psikoloji Bülteni, 10, 196-205. Spector, P. (1988) “Development of The Work Locus of Control Scale”, Journal of Occupational Psychology, 61, 335-340.
• Strauser, D.R., K. Ketz and J. Keim (2002) “The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy, Locus of Control and Work Personality”, Journal of Rehabilitation, 68, 20-26.
• Strickland, B.R. (1989) “Internal-External Control Expectancies: From Contingency to Creativity”, American Psychologist, 44, 1-12.
• Tayfur, Ö. (2006) Antecedents of Feedback Seeking Behavior, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, ODTÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara, Turkey.
• Taylor, S.E., A.L. Peplau, and D.O. Sears (2006) Social Psychology, (12th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
• Tepper, B.J. and E.C. Taylor (2003) “Relationships Among Supervisors and Subordinates Procedural Justice Perceptions and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors”, Academy of Management Journal, 46(1), 97-105.
• Thibaut J.W. and H.H. Kelley (1959) The Social Psychology of Groups, New York: Wiley.
• Thibaut, J., and L. Walker (1975) Procedural justice: A Psychological Analysis, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
• Todd, S.Y. and A. Kent (2006) “Direct and Indirect Effects of Task Characteristics on Organizational Citizenship Behavior”, North American Journal of Psychology, 8(2), 253-268.
• Tsai, Y. and S. Wu (2008) “The Relationship Among Job Satisfaction, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Turnover Intention”, Northeast Decision Sciences Institute Proceedings, 62-67.
• Turnipseed, D. and G. Murkison (1996) “Organizational Citizendhip Behavior an Examination of Influence the Workplace”, Leadership and Organizational Development Journal, 17, 42-47. Turnipseed, D. and G. Murkison (2000) “Good Soldiers and Their Syndrome: Organizational Citizenship Behavior and the Work Environment”, North American Journal of Psychology, 2(2) 1-16.
• Van Dyne, L., J.W. Graham and R.M. Dienesch (1994) “Organization Citizenship Behavior: Construct, Redefinition, Measurement and Validation”, Academy of Management Journal, 37(4), 765-802.
• Van Scotter, J.R. and S.J. Motowidlo (1996) “Evidence for two Factors of Contextual Performance: Job Dedication and Interpersonal Facilitation”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 525-531.
• Viswesvaran, C., and D.S. Ones (2003) “Examining the construct of organizational justice”, Journal of Business Ethics, 38, 193-203.
• Williams, L. and S. Anderson (1991) “Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment as Predictors of Organizational Citizenship and in Role Behaviors”, Journal of Management, 17, 601-617.
• Williams, S., Pitre, R. and M. Zainuba (2002) “Justice and organizational citizenship behavior intentions: Fair treatment”, The Journal of Social Psychology, 142(1), 33-44.
• Yeşilay, A. (2007) “Genelleştirilmiş Öz Yetki Beklentisi”, <http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~health/turk.htm> (Erişim: 15 Mayıs 2010).
• Zellars, K.L., B.J. Teper, R.A. Giacalone, D. Lockhart and C.L. Jurkiewicz (2003) “Justice and Organizational Citizenship: Interactive Effects of Impression Management Motives”, Academy of Management Best Conference Paper Proceedings, Seattle: Academy of Management.
• Zhang, H. (2006) Antecedents and Consequences of Organizational Justice: An Investigation in China, Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, McMaster University, Ontorio, Canada.