BRIC-T ÜLKELERİNDE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME, DIŞA AÇIKLIK, ELEKTRİK TÜKETİMİ VE ÇEVRE İLİŞKİSİNE YÖNELİK AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA

Year 2019, Volume: 37 Issue: 4, 675 - 701, 31.12.2019

İbrahim Özmen , Mustafa Gerçeker , Mehmet Mucuk

https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.456607

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Tarım toplumundan sanayi
toplumuna geçiş ile birlikte üretim miktarları evrensel boyutta hız kazanan bir
büyüme temposu yakalamıştır. Sanayileşmenin yanı sıra kentleşme ve nüfus artışı
gibi faktörler de arz ve talep büyüklüklerinin değişiminde önemli rol
oynamıştır. Üretimi artırmak için daha fazla doğal kaynak ve enerji kullanımı
ise ekolojik dengeleri olumsuz yönde etkileyerek yaşam kalitesinin düşmesine
neden olmuştur. Ancak belirli bir gelir düzeyine ulaştıktan sonra ülkeler, başlangıçta
yarattıkları çevresel sorunları azaltmak için çözüm yolları arayışına girmektedirler.
Bu çalışmada; ekonomik büyüme, ticari açıklık, elektrik tüketimi ve karbon
dioksit salınımı (CO₂) arasındaki ilişki, 1992-2014 dönemine ait
verilerden hareketle BRIC-T ülkeleri için panel veri analizi kullanarak test
edilmektedir. Bootstrap nedensellik bulgularına göre; Rusya’da gelir ve
karbondioksit salınımları arasında çift yönlü, Hindistan’da elektrik
tüketiminden ve Brezilya’da ise dışa açıklıktan karbondioksit salınımlarına doğru
olmak üzere tek yönlü bağıntılar bulunmaktadır. Diğer yandan AMG testi ise
Brezilya, Çin ve Türkiye’de elektrik tüketiminin; Rusya ve Çin’de dışa
açıklığın ve Hindistan’da da gelirin CO₂’yi artırdığını
göstermektedir. Bunlardan farklı olarak Çin’de gelir artışı, CO₂ değerlerinin
azalmasına yol açmaktadır. 

Keywords

Ekonomik büyüme, Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi, Bootstrap nedensellik, Yatay kesit bağımlılığı

ECONOMIC GROWTH, TRADE OPENNESS, ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIP IN BRIC-T COUNTRİES: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

Abstract

With the transition from
the agricultural society to the industrial society, the production quantities
have caught up a rapid growth universally. In addition to industrialization,
factors such as urbanization and population growth have also played an
important role in changing supply and demand magnitudes. The use of more
natural resources and energy to increase production has affected ecological
balances negatively and has led to a decline in quality of life. However, after
reaching a certain level of income, countries are seeking solutions to reduce
the environmental problems. In this study, the relationships among to economic
growth, trade openness,  electricity
consumption and carbon dioxide emission (CO₂)are tested
using panel data analysis for BRIC-T countries over the period 1992-2014.
According to causality findings, there appears to be a bidirectional linkage between
income and CO₂ in the Russia. There is unidirectional causality from
the electricity consumption to CO₂ in the India and from the
openness to CO₂ in the Brazil. AMG test shows that electricity consumption
increases CO₂ in Brazil, China, and Turkey, trade openness increases
CO₂ in Russia, and China, income increases CO₂ in the India.
Unlike these, the increase in income leads to the decrease in CO₂ in
the China.

Keywords

Economic growth, Environmental Kuznets Curve, Bootstrap causality, Cross-sectional dependence

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