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Çocukluk Çağında Herpes Zoster Enfeksiyonu:21 Olgunun Prospektif Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2019, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 33 - 36, 22.03.2019

Abstract

Amaç:Herpes zoster(HZ), dorsal kök ganglionunda latent
olarak kalan Varicella zoster virüs’ün reaktivasyonu sonucunda gelişen bir
hastalıktır. HZ çocukluk çağında nadir görülen bir hastalıktır. HZ, çocukluk
çağında immünsupresif ilaç kullanımı, immünyetmezlik ve  malignite durumlarında daha sık olarak
karşımıza çıkabilir. Bu çalışmada polikliniğimize başvuran HZ tanısı konulan
çocuk hastaların
klinik
özellikleri ve eşlik eden hastalıklar incelendi.

Materyal
ve Metot:
Hastanemiz
deri ve zührevi hastalıkları polikliniğine Ocak 2017- Temmuz 2018  tarihleri arasında  başvuran 
ve HZ  tanısı konulan  18 yaşından küçük 21 hasta prospektif olarak
değerlendirildi. Hastalar yaş, cinsiyet, tutulan dermatom, geçirilmiş varisella
öyküsü, varicella aşısı öyküsü,  eşlik
eden hastalıklar, komplikasyon gelişimi ve tedavi açısından değerlendirildi.

Bulgular:
HZ tanısı konulan 21 çocuk hastanın 12(%57,1)’si erkek, 9 (%42,9)’ u kız
idi.  Hastaların yaş ortalaması 10,1 yıl
(6-16 yaş) olarak saptandı. On dört 
(%66,6) hastada torakal dermatom tutulurken, 5 (%23,8) hastada servikal
ve 2 (%9,5) hastada lomber dermatom tutulumu izlendi. İki hasta ALL tanısı
nedeniyle sistemik kemoterapi almaktaydı. 
Hastaların hiçbirinde  varisella
aşısı olma öyküsü yoktu. Varisella geçirme öyküsü hastaların
15(%71,4)’inde  vardı. On altı (%76,1)
hastaya sistemik antiviral tedavi verildi. Hastalarımızın hiçbirinde
disseminasyon gelişmedi. Hastalarda postherpetik nevralji veya majör bir
komplikasyon görülmedi. 

Sonuç: HZ, 
immünsupresyonu olan çocuk hastalarda sıklıkla görülmesine rağmen
sağlıklı çocuklarda da görülebilmektedir.
Erişkin hastalara
benzer şekilde en sık torakal dermatom 
tutulumu görülür. Sağlıklı çocuklarda HZ’ ye  bağlı postherpetik nevralji gibi
komplikasyonlar  nadir olarak görülür. 

References

  • 1.Ozuguz P, Kacar SD, Polat S, et al. Childhood Zona Zoster Infection: 12 Case Reports. Abant Med J 2014;3(3):253-6.
  • 2.Gilde DH, Cohrs RJ, Mahalingam R.Clinical and molecular pathogenesis of varicella virus infection.Viral Immunol 2003;16(3):243-58.
  • 3.Gershon AA: Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections. Pediatr Rev 2008;29(1):5-11.
  • 4.Arvin AM. Varicella-zoster virus: molecular virology and virus-host interactions. Curr Opin Microbiol 2001;4(4):442-449.
  • 5.Rahsan M, Evans SE, Sahin S. Herpes zoster infection in childhood: Retrospective study of 15 cases.Turkiye Klinikleri J Dermatol 2005;15(3):121-124
  • 6.Guven M, Bozkurt EC. Herpes Zoster Infection in Childhood: An Evaluation of 24 Cases.Turkish J Pediatr Dis 2017;4:233-8
  • 7.Prabhu S, Sripathi H, Gupta S, et al. Chilhood Herpes Zoster: A Clustering of ten Cases. Indian J Dermatol 2009;54(1):62–4.
  • 8.Yalaki Z, Ozturk A, Tasar MA. Herpes Zoster Infections In Healthy Children. J Pediatr Inf 2010;4:96-9.
  • 9.Colgecen E, Kucuk O, Balcı M.Clinical Features of Herpes Zoster Infections in Childhood.Turkderm 2012;46:26-8.
  • 10.Lin YH, Huang LM, Chang IS, et al. Disease burden and epidemiology of herpes zoster in pre-vaccine Taiwan. Vaccine. 2010;28(5):1217-1220.
  • 11.Guess HA, Broughton DD, Melton LJ III, et al. Epidemiology of herpes zoster in children and adolescents: a populationbased study. Pediatrics 1985;76(4):512– 517.
  • 12.Terada K, Kawano S, Yoshihiro K, et al.Characteristics of herpes zoster in otherwise normal children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993;12(11):960– 961.
  • 13.Wehrle PF. Bilateral herpes Zoster in a child following exposure to chicken pox. JAMA 1976; 235:2238.
  • 14.Wurzel CL, Kahan J, Heitler M, et al. Prognosis of herpes zoster in healthy children. Am J Dis Child 1986;140(5):477-478.
  • 15.Petursson G, Helgason S, Gudmundsson S, et al. Herpes zoster in children and adolescents. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998;17(10):905- 8.
  • 16.Smith CG, Glaser DA. Herpes zoster in childhood: case report and review of literature. Pediatr Dermatol 1996;13(3):226-9.
  • 17. Van Hoek AJ, Melegaro A, Zagheni E, et al. Modelling the impact of a combined varicella and zoster vaccination programme on the epidemiology of varicella zoster virus in England. Vaccine 2011;29(13):2411-20.
  • 18.Kurlan JG, Connelly BL, Lucky AW. Herpes zoster in the first year of life following postnatal exposure to varicella-zoster virus: Four case reports and a review of infantile herpes zoster. Arch Dermatol 2004;140(10):1268-72.
  • 19.Johnson RW, Alvarez-Pasquin MJ, Bijl M, et al. Herpes zoster epidemiology, management, and disease and economic burden in Europe: A multidisciplinary perspective. Ther Adv Vaccines 2015;3(4):109-20.
  • 20.Morgan R, King D. Shingles: a review of diagnosis and management. Hosp Med 1998; 59(10):770-6.
  • 21.Grote V, Von Kries R, Rosenfeld E, et al. Immunocompetent children account for the majority of complications in childhood herpes zoster. J Infect Dis 2007;196(10):1455-8.
  • 22.Takayama N, Yamada H, Kaku H, et al. Herpes zoster in immunocompetent and immunocompromised Japanese children. Pediatr Int 2000;42(3):275-9.
  • 23.Sampathkumar P, Drage LA, Martin DP. Herpes zoster (shingles) and postherpetic neuralgia. Mayo Clin Proc 2009;84(3):274-80.
  • 24.Katakam BK, Kiran G, Kumar U. A prospective study of herpes zoster in children. Indian J Dermatol 2016;61(5):534-9.
  • 25.Hong SM, Yang YS. A case of optic neuritis complicating herpes zoster ophthalmicus in a child. Korean J Ophthalmol 2010;24(2):126- 30.

Herpes Zoster Infection In Childhood: Prospective Evaluation of 21 Cases

Year 2019, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 33 - 36, 22.03.2019

Abstract

Background:
Herpes zoster (HZ) is a disease caused by the reactivation of varicella zoster
virus, which remains latent in the dorsal root ganglion. HZ is a rarely seen
disease in childhood. HZ is more common in pediatric patients with
immunosuppressive drug use, immunodeficiency and malignancy. This study
examined the clinical characteristics of children with HZ.

Methods:
Twenty one pediatric patients admitted to our dermatology clinic between
January 2017 and July 2018 and diagnosed with HZ were evaluated prospectively.
Patients were evaluated in term of age, sex, affected dermatome, history of
previous varicella, varicella vaccine, accompanying disease, complication
development and treatment.

Results:
Twelve (57.1%) of the 21 pediatric patients with HZ were male and 9 (42.9%)
were female. The mean age of the patients was 10.1 years (6-16 years).  Fourteen (66.6%) patients had thoracic
dermatome involvement, 5 (23.8%) patients had cervical involvement, and 2
(9.5%) patients had lumbar dermatome involvement.  Two patients were receiving systemic
chemotherapy for ALL. In our study 71.4% of patients had a history of varicella
and there was no history of varicella vaccine in any of the patients. None of the
patients developed dissemination and no major complication was observed.







Conclusion:
In conclusion, while HZ is also seen in healthy children, children who are
immunosuppressed are more affected. 
Similar to adult disease, thoracic dermatomal involvement is the most
common. Complications such as postherpetic neuralgia due to HZ in healthy
children are rarely seen.

References

  • 1.Ozuguz P, Kacar SD, Polat S, et al. Childhood Zona Zoster Infection: 12 Case Reports. Abant Med J 2014;3(3):253-6.
  • 2.Gilde DH, Cohrs RJ, Mahalingam R.Clinical and molecular pathogenesis of varicella virus infection.Viral Immunol 2003;16(3):243-58.
  • 3.Gershon AA: Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections. Pediatr Rev 2008;29(1):5-11.
  • 4.Arvin AM. Varicella-zoster virus: molecular virology and virus-host interactions. Curr Opin Microbiol 2001;4(4):442-449.
  • 5.Rahsan M, Evans SE, Sahin S. Herpes zoster infection in childhood: Retrospective study of 15 cases.Turkiye Klinikleri J Dermatol 2005;15(3):121-124
  • 6.Guven M, Bozkurt EC. Herpes Zoster Infection in Childhood: An Evaluation of 24 Cases.Turkish J Pediatr Dis 2017;4:233-8
  • 7.Prabhu S, Sripathi H, Gupta S, et al. Chilhood Herpes Zoster: A Clustering of ten Cases. Indian J Dermatol 2009;54(1):62–4.
  • 8.Yalaki Z, Ozturk A, Tasar MA. Herpes Zoster Infections In Healthy Children. J Pediatr Inf 2010;4:96-9.
  • 9.Colgecen E, Kucuk O, Balcı M.Clinical Features of Herpes Zoster Infections in Childhood.Turkderm 2012;46:26-8.
  • 10.Lin YH, Huang LM, Chang IS, et al. Disease burden and epidemiology of herpes zoster in pre-vaccine Taiwan. Vaccine. 2010;28(5):1217-1220.
  • 11.Guess HA, Broughton DD, Melton LJ III, et al. Epidemiology of herpes zoster in children and adolescents: a populationbased study. Pediatrics 1985;76(4):512– 517.
  • 12.Terada K, Kawano S, Yoshihiro K, et al.Characteristics of herpes zoster in otherwise normal children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993;12(11):960– 961.
  • 13.Wehrle PF. Bilateral herpes Zoster in a child following exposure to chicken pox. JAMA 1976; 235:2238.
  • 14.Wurzel CL, Kahan J, Heitler M, et al. Prognosis of herpes zoster in healthy children. Am J Dis Child 1986;140(5):477-478.
  • 15.Petursson G, Helgason S, Gudmundsson S, et al. Herpes zoster in children and adolescents. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998;17(10):905- 8.
  • 16.Smith CG, Glaser DA. Herpes zoster in childhood: case report and review of literature. Pediatr Dermatol 1996;13(3):226-9.
  • 17. Van Hoek AJ, Melegaro A, Zagheni E, et al. Modelling the impact of a combined varicella and zoster vaccination programme on the epidemiology of varicella zoster virus in England. Vaccine 2011;29(13):2411-20.
  • 18.Kurlan JG, Connelly BL, Lucky AW. Herpes zoster in the first year of life following postnatal exposure to varicella-zoster virus: Four case reports and a review of infantile herpes zoster. Arch Dermatol 2004;140(10):1268-72.
  • 19.Johnson RW, Alvarez-Pasquin MJ, Bijl M, et al. Herpes zoster epidemiology, management, and disease and economic burden in Europe: A multidisciplinary perspective. Ther Adv Vaccines 2015;3(4):109-20.
  • 20.Morgan R, King D. Shingles: a review of diagnosis and management. Hosp Med 1998; 59(10):770-6.
  • 21.Grote V, Von Kries R, Rosenfeld E, et al. Immunocompetent children account for the majority of complications in childhood herpes zoster. J Infect Dis 2007;196(10):1455-8.
  • 22.Takayama N, Yamada H, Kaku H, et al. Herpes zoster in immunocompetent and immunocompromised Japanese children. Pediatr Int 2000;42(3):275-9.
  • 23.Sampathkumar P, Drage LA, Martin DP. Herpes zoster (shingles) and postherpetic neuralgia. Mayo Clin Proc 2009;84(3):274-80.
  • 24.Katakam BK, Kiran G, Kumar U. A prospective study of herpes zoster in children. Indian J Dermatol 2016;61(5):534-9.
  • 25.Hong SM, Yang YS. A case of optic neuritis complicating herpes zoster ophthalmicus in a child. Korean J Ophthalmol 2010;24(2):126- 30.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Murat Öztürk 0000-0002-4499-3724

İsa An 0000-0003-3366-4551

Mustafa Aksoy This is me 0000-0002-4966-1737

Publication Date March 22, 2019
Submission Date February 1, 2019
Acceptance Date February 22, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 16 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Öztürk M, An İ, Aksoy M. Herpes Zoster Infection In Childhood: Prospective Evaluation of 21 Cases. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2019;16(1):33-6.

Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi  / Journal of Harran University Medical Faculty