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Anti Hbs Antibody Levels in Children Aged 5-18 years in a Family Medicine Outpatient Clinic- A Cross-Sectional Study

Year 2021, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 204 - 208, 27.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.35440/hutfd.926794

Abstract

Background: This study was conducted to investigate serum Anti-Hbs antibody levels and hepatitis B vaccination status in children aged 5-18 years who applied to a family medicine outpatient clinic.
Materials and Methods: The study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Eighty-four children between the ages of 5 and 18 who applied to a Family Health Center for periodic examinations and school health screenings were included in the study. The parents of the children included in the study were asked to fill in a short form containing the vaccination status of the child, the presence of chronic illness, education and occupation information of the parents. With these answers, the relationship between the children's gender, age, and Anti-Hbs level was questioned. Anti-HBs level measured with Micro-ELISA method in Düzce Public Health Laboratory was accepted as seropositive.
Results: 53.6% (n=45) of the children included in our study were male and 46.4% (n=39) were female. The mean age of the children in our study was found to be 12.13 ± 2.73. No significant difference was found between anti-HBs seropositivity rates according to gender (p=0.627). However, age of the children not being vaccinated was found to be significantly higher than the vaccinated children (p<0.001). Anti-HBs were detected as seronegative in 29 (46.8%) of 62 children whose history was vaccinated.
Conclusion: The most important finding of our study is that the age was found to be significantly higher in unvaccinated children. Although this suggest that immunization services are increasingly effective in our country, investigation of immunity or carrier status against to hepatitis B infection in older children will be an important step for individual and public health.

Key Words: Immunization, Anti- HBs, child, Hepatitis-B

References

  • 1. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The ABCs of Hepatitis. 2012.http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/resources/proffessionals/PDFs /ABCTable-BW.pdf adresinden 10.07.2019 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • 2. Polaris Observatory Collaborators. Global prevalence, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in 2016: a modelling study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 3: 383-403.
  • 3. Tozun N, Özdoğan O, Çolakoğlu Y. A nationwide prevalence study and risk factors for hepatitis A, B, C, D infections in Turkey. Hepatology 2010; 52: 697.
  • 4. Walter SR, Thein HH, Amin J, Ward K, Law MG, George J, et al. Trends in mortality after diagnosis of hepatitis B or C infection: 1992-2006. J Hepatol 2011; 54: 879-86.
  • 5. Mitchell T, Armstrong GL, Hu DJ, Wasley A, Painter JA. The increasing burden of imported chronic hepatitis B--United States, 1974-2008. PLoS One 2011; 6: e27717.
  • 6. Ragheb M, Elkady A, Tanaka Y, Murakami S, Attia FM, Hassan AA et al. Multiple intrafamilial transmission patterns of hepatitis B virus genotype D in North-eastern Egypt. J Med Virol 2012; 84: 587-95.
  • 7. Bruce MG, Bruden D, Hurlburt D, Zanis C, Thompson G, Rea L, et al. Antibody Levels and Protection After Hepatitis B Vaccine: Results of a 30-Year Follow-up Study and Response to a Booster Dose. J Infect Dis 2016; 214: 16-22.
  • 8. Szmuness W, Stevens CE, Harley EJ, Zang EA, Oleszko WR, William DC, et al. Hepatitis B vaccine: demonstration of efficacy in a controlled clinical trial in a high-risk population in the United States. N Eng J Med 1980; 303: 833–41.
  • 9. Kim DK, Riley LE, Harriman KH, Hunter P, Bridges CB. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older - United States, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017; 10;66 : 136-8.
  • 10. Türkiye Anne, Çocuk ve ergen sağlığı Enstitüsü. Prof. Dr. Esma Sarıkaya.UlusalaşıProgramıTarihçemiz.https://www.tuseb.gov.tr/enstitu/tacese/yuklemeler/ekitap/ASI/ulusal_asi_takvimi_tarihcemiz1.pdf
  • 11. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Genişletilmiş aşı programı hakkında genelge. https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR,11080/genisletilmis-bagisiklama-programi-genelgesi.html
  • 12. Li X, Xu Y, Dong Y, Yang X, Ye B, Wang Y, et al. Monitoring the efficacy of infant hepatitis B vaccination and revaccination in 0- to 8-year-old children: Protective anti-HBs levels and cellular immune responses. Vaccine 2018; 25; 36 : 2442-2449. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.044. Epub 2018 Mar 24. PubMed PMID: 29588118.
  • 13. Barro M, Valea D, Ouermi SA, Sessouma S, Sanogo B, Ouattara IAB, et al. Serological profile of hepatitis B in children after the introduction of its vaccination in Burkina Faso. Pediatr Rep 2019;11(4):8248. doi: 10.4081/pr.2019.8248. eCollection 2019 Dec 2. PubMed PMID: 31871605; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6908958.
  • 14. Wu Z, Yao J, Bao H, Chen Y, Lu S, Li J, et al. The effects of booster vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine on children 5-15 years after primary immunization: A 5-year follow-up study. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics 2018; 14, 1251–6.
  • 15. Zhu CL, Liu P, Chen T, Ni Z, Lu LL, Huang F, et al. Presence of immune memory and immunity to hepatitis B virus in adults after neonatal hepatitis B vaccination. Vaccine 2011; 13(29) :7835-41.
  • 16. Nalbantoğlu B, Nalbantoğlu A, Külcü NU, Say A. Dokuz Ay - 8 Yaş Arası Çocuklarda Hepatit B Seroprevalansı ve Aşılanma Durumları. Çocuk Dergisi 2010; 10: 116-21.
  • 17. Gür E. Aşı kararsızlığı - aşı reddi. Turk Pediatri Ars 2019; 54: 1–2.
  • 18. Yüksel HA, Topuzoğlu A. Aşı redlerinin artması ve aşı karşıtlığını etkileyen faktörler. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi 2019; 4 : 244-58.
  • 19. Al Ghamdi SS, Fallatah HI, Fetyani DM, Al-Mughales JA, Gelaidan AT. Long-term efficacy of the hepatitis B vaccine in a high-risk group. J Med Virol 2013; 85: 1518-22.
  • 20. Livramento Ad, Cordova CM, Scaraveli NG, Tonial GC, Spada C, Treitinger A. Anti-HBs levels among children and adolescents with complete immunization schedule against hepatitis B virus. A cross-sectional study in Blumenau, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2007-2008. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2011; 44: 412-5.
  • 21. Chongsrisawat V, Yoocharoen P, Theamboonlers A, Tharmaphornpilas P, Warinsathien P, Sinlaparatsamee S, et al. Hepatitis B seroprevalence in Thailand: 12 years after hepatitis B vaccine integration into the national expanded programme on immunization. TropMed Int Health 2006; 11: 1496-502.
  • 22. Avni K, Erbey MF, Okur M, Sal E, Üstyol L, Bektaş MS. Van Yöresinde 0-18 Yaşları Arasındaki Çocuklarda Hepatit B Virusu Seropozitifliği ve Aşılanma Durumu. J Pediatr Inf 2011; 5: 132-5.
  • 23. Azarkar Z, Ebrahimzadeh A, Sharifzadeh G, Ziaee M, Fereidouni M, Taheri F. Persistence of immunity to hepatitis B vaccine as infants, 17 years earlier. Caspian J Intern Med 2018; 9:184-8.
  • 24. Su FH, Cheng SH, Li CY, Chen JD, Hsiao CY, Chien CC, et al. Hepatitis B seroprevalence and anamnestic response amongst Taiwanese young adults with full vaccination in infancy, 20 years subsequent to national hepatitis vaccination. Vaccine 2007; 25:8085-90.
  • 25. Altan H, Demirtaş S, Taş D, Budakoğlu Iİ. Ankara’da bir devlet hastanesine başvuran çocuklarda hepatit B seroprevalansının belirlenmesi. Ankara Med J 2017; 1:1-8.
  • 26. Mahallawi W. Persistence of hepatitis surface of antibody and immun memory to hepatitis b vaccine among medical college students in Madinah. Ann Saudi Med 2018; 38:413-9.
  • 27. İşcan G, Taşar MA. Aşı şeması tamamlanan çocuklarda operasyon öncesi anti- Hbs düzeyinin değerlendirilmesi. Konuralp Tıp Dergisi 2018; 10:244-7.
  • 28. Kutlu R, Demirbaş N. Sağlık taraması için başvuran hastane personelinde serum HbsAg ve Anti-Hbs düzeyleri ile Hepatit B aşılanma durumu. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 2016; 10:136-41.
  • 29. Süleyman A, Gökçay G, Badur S ve ark. Süt Çocukluğunda Hepatit B Aşısı Uygulanan Çocuklarda Serolojik Durumun Değerlendirilmesi. Mikrobiol Bul 2011; 46:47-56.
  • 30. Abuya BA, Onsomu EO, Kimani JK, Moore D. Influence of maternal education on child immunization and stunting in Kenya. Matern Child Health J 2011; 15:1389-99.
  • 31. Calhoun LM, Van Eijk AM, Lindblade KA, Odhiambo FO, Wilson ML, Winterbauer E, et al. Determinants and coverage of vaccination in children in western Kenya from a 2003 cross-sectional survey. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 90:234-41.
  • 32. Henry B, Baclic O; National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI). Summary of the NACI Update on the Recommended Use of Hepatitis B Vaccine. Can Commun Dis Rep 2017; 43(5):104-6.

Bir Aile Hekimliği Polikliniğinde 5-18 yaş arası Çocuklarda Anti Hbs Antikor Düzeyleri- Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Year 2021, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 204 - 208, 27.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.35440/hutfd.926794

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma; aile hekimliği polikliniğine başvuran 5-18 yaş arası çocuklarda serum Anti-Hbs antikor düzeyleri ile hepatit B aşılanma durumlarını araştırmak için yapılmıştır.
Materyal ve Metod: Çalışma tanımlayıcı- kesitsel bir çalışmadır. Çalışmaya bir Aile Sağlığı Merkezine periyodik muayene ve okul sağlık taramaları için başvuran 5-18 yaş arası 84 çocuk dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmaya dahil edilen çocukların ailesinden çocuğun aşılanma durumu, kronik hastalık varlığı, anne baba eğitim ve meslek bilgisini içeren kısa bir form doldurması istendi. Bu yanıtlarla çocukların cinsiyet, yaş ve Anti-Hbs düzeyi arasındaki ilişki sorgulandı. Düzce Halk sağlığı laboratuarında Mikro-ELİSA yöntemi ile bakılan Anti-HBs düzeyi 10 mIU/ml’nin üzerinde olan antikor değerleri seropozitif olarak kabul edildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmamıza alınan çocukların 45’i (%53,6) erkek, 39’u (%46,4) kız çocuk idi. Çalışmamızdaki çocukların yaş ortalaması 12,13±2,73 olarak tespit edildi. Çalışmamızda yaş artışı ile birlikte Anti HBs antikor titresinde anlamlı bir düşüş saptanmadı(p=0,571). Cinsiyete göre anti-HBs seropozitifliği arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır. Çalışmamızda çocukların yaşı arttıkça aşı yapılmamış olma durumu daha küçük yaştakilere göre anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu (p<0,001). Aşılı olduğu anamnezi alınan 62 çocuğun %46,77(n=29)’sinde Anti-HBs seronegatif olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Çalışma sonuçlarımıza göre çocukların yaşı azaldıkça HBV aşısı olma durumu anlamlı olarak artmaktadır. HBV enfeksiyonunun yol açtığı hastalık sonuçlarının ciddi olması ve aşı ile etkin bir şekilde önlenebiliyor olması bakımından avantajı düşünüldüğünde bağışıklama hizmetlerinin takibi önemlidir.

References

  • 1. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The ABCs of Hepatitis. 2012.http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/resources/proffessionals/PDFs /ABCTable-BW.pdf adresinden 10.07.2019 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • 2. Polaris Observatory Collaborators. Global prevalence, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in 2016: a modelling study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 3: 383-403.
  • 3. Tozun N, Özdoğan O, Çolakoğlu Y. A nationwide prevalence study and risk factors for hepatitis A, B, C, D infections in Turkey. Hepatology 2010; 52: 697.
  • 4. Walter SR, Thein HH, Amin J, Ward K, Law MG, George J, et al. Trends in mortality after diagnosis of hepatitis B or C infection: 1992-2006. J Hepatol 2011; 54: 879-86.
  • 5. Mitchell T, Armstrong GL, Hu DJ, Wasley A, Painter JA. The increasing burden of imported chronic hepatitis B--United States, 1974-2008. PLoS One 2011; 6: e27717.
  • 6. Ragheb M, Elkady A, Tanaka Y, Murakami S, Attia FM, Hassan AA et al. Multiple intrafamilial transmission patterns of hepatitis B virus genotype D in North-eastern Egypt. J Med Virol 2012; 84: 587-95.
  • 7. Bruce MG, Bruden D, Hurlburt D, Zanis C, Thompson G, Rea L, et al. Antibody Levels and Protection After Hepatitis B Vaccine: Results of a 30-Year Follow-up Study and Response to a Booster Dose. J Infect Dis 2016; 214: 16-22.
  • 8. Szmuness W, Stevens CE, Harley EJ, Zang EA, Oleszko WR, William DC, et al. Hepatitis B vaccine: demonstration of efficacy in a controlled clinical trial in a high-risk population in the United States. N Eng J Med 1980; 303: 833–41.
  • 9. Kim DK, Riley LE, Harriman KH, Hunter P, Bridges CB. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older - United States, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017; 10;66 : 136-8.
  • 10. Türkiye Anne, Çocuk ve ergen sağlığı Enstitüsü. Prof. Dr. Esma Sarıkaya.UlusalaşıProgramıTarihçemiz.https://www.tuseb.gov.tr/enstitu/tacese/yuklemeler/ekitap/ASI/ulusal_asi_takvimi_tarihcemiz1.pdf
  • 11. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Genişletilmiş aşı programı hakkında genelge. https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR,11080/genisletilmis-bagisiklama-programi-genelgesi.html
  • 12. Li X, Xu Y, Dong Y, Yang X, Ye B, Wang Y, et al. Monitoring the efficacy of infant hepatitis B vaccination and revaccination in 0- to 8-year-old children: Protective anti-HBs levels and cellular immune responses. Vaccine 2018; 25; 36 : 2442-2449. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.044. Epub 2018 Mar 24. PubMed PMID: 29588118.
  • 13. Barro M, Valea D, Ouermi SA, Sessouma S, Sanogo B, Ouattara IAB, et al. Serological profile of hepatitis B in children after the introduction of its vaccination in Burkina Faso. Pediatr Rep 2019;11(4):8248. doi: 10.4081/pr.2019.8248. eCollection 2019 Dec 2. PubMed PMID: 31871605; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6908958.
  • 14. Wu Z, Yao J, Bao H, Chen Y, Lu S, Li J, et al. The effects of booster vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine on children 5-15 years after primary immunization: A 5-year follow-up study. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics 2018; 14, 1251–6.
  • 15. Zhu CL, Liu P, Chen T, Ni Z, Lu LL, Huang F, et al. Presence of immune memory and immunity to hepatitis B virus in adults after neonatal hepatitis B vaccination. Vaccine 2011; 13(29) :7835-41.
  • 16. Nalbantoğlu B, Nalbantoğlu A, Külcü NU, Say A. Dokuz Ay - 8 Yaş Arası Çocuklarda Hepatit B Seroprevalansı ve Aşılanma Durumları. Çocuk Dergisi 2010; 10: 116-21.
  • 17. Gür E. Aşı kararsızlığı - aşı reddi. Turk Pediatri Ars 2019; 54: 1–2.
  • 18. Yüksel HA, Topuzoğlu A. Aşı redlerinin artması ve aşı karşıtlığını etkileyen faktörler. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi 2019; 4 : 244-58.
  • 19. Al Ghamdi SS, Fallatah HI, Fetyani DM, Al-Mughales JA, Gelaidan AT. Long-term efficacy of the hepatitis B vaccine in a high-risk group. J Med Virol 2013; 85: 1518-22.
  • 20. Livramento Ad, Cordova CM, Scaraveli NG, Tonial GC, Spada C, Treitinger A. Anti-HBs levels among children and adolescents with complete immunization schedule against hepatitis B virus. A cross-sectional study in Blumenau, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2007-2008. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2011; 44: 412-5.
  • 21. Chongsrisawat V, Yoocharoen P, Theamboonlers A, Tharmaphornpilas P, Warinsathien P, Sinlaparatsamee S, et al. Hepatitis B seroprevalence in Thailand: 12 years after hepatitis B vaccine integration into the national expanded programme on immunization. TropMed Int Health 2006; 11: 1496-502.
  • 22. Avni K, Erbey MF, Okur M, Sal E, Üstyol L, Bektaş MS. Van Yöresinde 0-18 Yaşları Arasındaki Çocuklarda Hepatit B Virusu Seropozitifliği ve Aşılanma Durumu. J Pediatr Inf 2011; 5: 132-5.
  • 23. Azarkar Z, Ebrahimzadeh A, Sharifzadeh G, Ziaee M, Fereidouni M, Taheri F. Persistence of immunity to hepatitis B vaccine as infants, 17 years earlier. Caspian J Intern Med 2018; 9:184-8.
  • 24. Su FH, Cheng SH, Li CY, Chen JD, Hsiao CY, Chien CC, et al. Hepatitis B seroprevalence and anamnestic response amongst Taiwanese young adults with full vaccination in infancy, 20 years subsequent to national hepatitis vaccination. Vaccine 2007; 25:8085-90.
  • 25. Altan H, Demirtaş S, Taş D, Budakoğlu Iİ. Ankara’da bir devlet hastanesine başvuran çocuklarda hepatit B seroprevalansının belirlenmesi. Ankara Med J 2017; 1:1-8.
  • 26. Mahallawi W. Persistence of hepatitis surface of antibody and immun memory to hepatitis b vaccine among medical college students in Madinah. Ann Saudi Med 2018; 38:413-9.
  • 27. İşcan G, Taşar MA. Aşı şeması tamamlanan çocuklarda operasyon öncesi anti- Hbs düzeyinin değerlendirilmesi. Konuralp Tıp Dergisi 2018; 10:244-7.
  • 28. Kutlu R, Demirbaş N. Sağlık taraması için başvuran hastane personelinde serum HbsAg ve Anti-Hbs düzeyleri ile Hepatit B aşılanma durumu. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 2016; 10:136-41.
  • 29. Süleyman A, Gökçay G, Badur S ve ark. Süt Çocukluğunda Hepatit B Aşısı Uygulanan Çocuklarda Serolojik Durumun Değerlendirilmesi. Mikrobiol Bul 2011; 46:47-56.
  • 30. Abuya BA, Onsomu EO, Kimani JK, Moore D. Influence of maternal education on child immunization and stunting in Kenya. Matern Child Health J 2011; 15:1389-99.
  • 31. Calhoun LM, Van Eijk AM, Lindblade KA, Odhiambo FO, Wilson ML, Winterbauer E, et al. Determinants and coverage of vaccination in children in western Kenya from a 2003 cross-sectional survey. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 90:234-41.
  • 32. Henry B, Baclic O; National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI). Summary of the NACI Update on the Recommended Use of Hepatitis B Vaccine. Can Commun Dis Rep 2017; 43(5):104-6.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Zerrin Gamsızkan 0000-0001-8677-4004

Mehmet Ali Sungur 0000-0001-5380-0819

Ersen Çekirge This is me 0000-0001-8024-2031

Publication Date August 27, 2021
Submission Date April 23, 2021
Acceptance Date July 5, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 18 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Gamsızkan Z, Sungur MA, Çekirge E. Bir Aile Hekimliği Polikliniğinde 5-18 yaş arası Çocuklarda Anti Hbs Antikor Düzeyleri- Kesitsel Bir Çalışma. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021;18(2):204-8.

Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi  / Journal of Harran University Medical Faculty