Detection of antimicrobial activity of henna against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and different Candida standard strains: An in vitro study

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 190 - 195, 22.12.2023

Mehmet Demirci Hikmet Dinç Akin Yığın Fadile Yıldız Zeyrek

https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1311036

Abstract

Lawsonia inermis (henna tree), the only species in the Lawsonia genus of the Lythraceae family, is a flowering plant with a height of 2-6 m. Lawsonia inermis (henna) is the natural source of the dye henna, which is widely used worldwide to dye skin and hair. Different bioactive components in henna are known to have antibacterial properties. The aim of this study was to control the antibacterial activity of henna powder (water-based extract) commercially sold in our country against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and to control the antifungal activity of henna powder against Candida albicans ATCC 10231, C. tropicalis ATCC 750, C. krusei ATCC 6258 and C. glabrata ATCC 2001 standard strains.
Standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, C. tropicalis ATCC 750, C. krusei ATCC 6258 and C. glabrata ATCC 2001 were used in our study. Water-based extracts of henna powder between 20 μg/mL and 0.3125 μg/mL were prepared and antimicrobial activity was determined using the microdilution method. Bacterial and fungal growth in each well was measured by Epoch spectrophotometer at 600 nm and suppression rates were determined compared to the positive control.
No 100% suppression was detected at any concentration against the standard strains. Against S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa, suppression was detected at the levels of 64%, 55% and 49% at 20 μg/mL henna concentration, respectively. Against C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei and C. glabrata, suppression of 20 μg/mL henna concentration was 92%, 64%, 56% and 42%, respectively.
In conclusion, the data of our study showed us that the antibacterial effect of water-based henna extract is not very good against S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa, but this effect can be observed at high concentrations. In addition, it has been concluded that henna can be used against different Candida species, especially against C. albicans, and its use together with other antifungals has been evaluated.

Keywords

Antimicrobial effectivity, Candida spp., E. coli, Henna, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus

Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ve farklı Candida standart kökenlerine karşı Kına’nın antimikrobiyal aktivitesinin tespiti: Bir in vitro çalışma

Abstract

Lythraceae familyasının Lawsonia cinsindeki tek tür olan Lawsonia inermis (kına ağacı) 2-6 m yüksekliğinde çiçekli bir bitkidir. Lawsonia inermis (kına), dünya çapında cilt ve saç boyamak için yaygın olarak kullanılan boya kınanın doğal kaynağıdır. Kına içeriğinde bulunan farklı biyoaktif bileşenlerin, antimikrobiyal özellikleri olduğu bilinmektedir. Çalışmamızda, ticari olarak ülkemizde satılan kına tozunun (su bazlı ekstraktının) Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 ve Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 standart kökenlerine karşı antibakteriyel ve Candida albicans ATCC 10231, C. tropicalis ATCC 750, C. krusei ATCC 6258 ve C. glabrata ATCC 2001 standart kökenlerine karşı antifungal aktivitesinin kontrol edilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, C. tropicalis ATCC 750, C. krusei ATCC 6258 ve C. glabrata ATCC 2001 standart kökenleri çalışmamızda kullanılmıştır. 20 μg/mL ile 0.3125 μg/mL arasında kına tozunun su bazlı ekstraktları hazırlanmış ve mikrodilüsyon metodu kullanılarak antimikrobiyal aktivite belirlenmiştir. Her kuyucuktaki bakteri ve mantar üremesi, 600 nm'de Epoch spektrofotometre ile ölçülmüş ve pozitif kontrole göre baskılanma oranları saptanmıştır.
Tüm standart kökenlerine karşı hiçbir konsantrasyonda %100 baskılama olmadığı saptandı. S.aureus, E. coli’ye ve P.aeruginosa’ya karşı 20 μg/mL kına konsantrasyonunda sırasıyla %64, %55 ve %49 seviyesinde baskılama tespit edildi. C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei ve C. glabrata karşı 20 μg/mL kına konsantrasyonunda sırasıyla %92, %64, %56 ve %42 seviyesinde baskılama saptandı.
Sonuç olarak, çalışmamız verileri su bazlı kına ekstraktının antibakteriyel etkisinin S. aureus, E.coli ve P. aeruginosa’ya karşı çok iyi olmadığını yüksek konsantrasyonlarda bu etkinin gözlemlenebileceğini bize göstermiştir. Bunun yanında, kınanın farklı Candida türleri açısından da, özellikle C. albicans’a karşı kullanılabileceği ve diğer antifungallerle birlikte kullanımlarının değerlendirilmesi kanaati oluşmuştur.

Keywords

Kına, Antimikrobiyal etkinlik, Candida, S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa

References

• Akshaykranth A, Jayarambabu N, Tumu VR, 2021: Comparative Study on Antibacterial Activity of MgO Nanoparticles Synthesized from Lawsonia inermis Leaves Extract and Chemical Methods. J Inorg Organomet Polym, 31, 2393–2400
• Al-Rubiay KK, Jaber NN, Al-Mhaawe BH, Alrubaiy LK, 2008: Antimicrobial efficacy of henna extracts. Oman Med J, 23 (4), 253-256. Elansary HO, Szopa A, Kubica P, Ekiert H, A Al-Mana F, Al-Yafrsi MA, 2020: Antioxidant and Biological Activities of Acacia saligna and Lawsonia inermiş. Natl Pop Plants. 17 (7), 908.
• Elebeedy D, Ghanem A, El-Sayed M, Fayad E, Abu Ali OA, Alyamani A, Sayed Abdelgeliel A, 2022: Synergistic Antimicrobial Effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lawsonia inermis Against Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Drug Resist. 19 (15), 545-554.
• Gad M, Al-suny M, Al-shayeb A, Al-namsy R, Al-naser Z, Khan S, 2021: The in-vitro effects of white henna addition on the cCandida albicans adhesion and physical properties of denture base resin. Eur Oral Res, 55 (2), 86-93.
• Gozubuyuk GS, Aktas E, Yigit N, 2014: An ancient plant Lawsonia inermis (henna): determination of in vitro antifungal activity against dermatophytes species. J Mycol Med, 24 (4), 313-318.
• Habbal O, Hasson SS, El-Hag AH, Al-Mahrooqi Z, Al-Hashmi N, Al-Bimani Z, Al-Balushi MS, Al-Jabri AA, 2011: Antibacterial activity of Lawsonia inermis Linn (Henna) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 1 (3),173-176.
• Ibrahim SMS, Rasool CS, Al-Asady AA, 2021: Antimicrobial activity of crude henna extract against Gram-positive bacteria. Iraq Medical Journal, 5 (3), 89–93.
• Kayikci EE, Can G, Sen F, Saip P, 2020: Application in the Prevention of Capecitabine-Induced Hand-Foot Syndrome in Breast and Colorectal Cancer Patients. J Nurs. Oct, 26 28(3), 299-311.
• Malas B, Ekici, H, 2022: Lawsonia inermis (Kına) ve Farmakolojik Özellikleri. Türk Bil Derl Derg. 15 (1), 121–131.
• Mardani M, Badiee P, Gharibnavaz M, Jassebi A, Jafarian H, Ghassemi F, 2018: Comparison of anti-Candida activities of the ancient plants Lawsonia inermis and Ziziphus spina christi with antifungal drugs in Candida species isolated from oral cavity. J Conserv Dent. 21 (4), 359-362.
• Mirjalili M, Karimi L, Paydar H, Chizarifar G, 2014: Effect of henna natural dye on antibacterial properties of dyed nylon fabric with various mordants. Iran JOC, 6 (4), 1389-1395.
• Mutluoğlu M, Uzun G, 2009: Can henna prevent ulceration in diabetic feet at high risk? Exp Diabetes Res, 107496. Nawasrah A, AlNimr A, Ali AA, 2016: Antifungal Effect of Henna against Candida albicans Adhered to Acrylic Resin as a Possible Method for Prevention of Denture Stomatitis. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 23 13 (5), 520.
• Özdal Zincir Ö, Özdal U, Ünlü Ö, Demirci M, Katiboğlu AB, Egil E, Altan Şallı G, 2022: Synergistic effect of thymoquinone and nystatin in the treatment of oral candidiasis; an in vitro study. Odontology, 110 (2), 330-337.
• Rafiei Z, Mazaheri M, Eghbali-Babadi M, Yazdannik A, 2019: The Effect of Henna (Lawsonia Inermis) on Preventing the Development of Pressure Ulcer Grade One in Intensive Care Unit Patients. Int J Prev Med. 15, 10-26.
• Rahmoun MN, Benabdallah M, Villemin D, Boucherit K, Mostefa-Kara B, Ziani-Cherif C, Choukchou-Braham N, 2010: Antimicrobial screening of the Algerian Lawsonia inermis (henna). Der Pharma Chemica. 2 (6), 320-326.
• Rahmoun N, Boucherit-Otmani Z, Boucherit K, Benabdallah M, Choukchou-Braham N, 2013: Antifungal activity of the Algerian Lawsonia inermis (henna). Pharm Biol. 51 (1), 131-135.
• Sauerbrei A, 2020: Bactericidal and virucidal activity of ethanol and povidone-iodine. Microbiologyopen. 9 (9), 1097.
• SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety), Opinion on Lawsonia inermis (henna), 19 September 2013.
• Spellberg B, Guidos R, Gilbert D, Bradley J, Boucher HW, Scheld WM, Bartlett JG, Edwards J Jr. 2008: Infectious Diseases Society of America. The epidemic of antibiotic-resistant infections: a call to action for the medical community from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis, 15 46 (2), 155-164.
• Suleiman EA, Mohamed EA, 2014: In Vitro Activity of Lawsonia inermis (Henna) on Some Pathogenic Fungi. Journal of Mycology, 375932.
• Unlu O, Bingul ES, Kesici S, Demirci M, 2021: Investigating antimicrobial features and drug interactions of sedoanalgesics in intensive care unit: an experimental study. ADMET DMPK, 6 9 (3), 219-226.
• Usman RA, Rabiu U, 2018: Antimicrobial activity of Lawsonia inermis (henna) extracts. Bayero J of Pure and App Sci, 11,1.
• Yarako AA, Salim R, Mohamed Z, Mohamad I, 2015. Antifungal Activity of Malaysian Henna Leaves Extracts on Pathogenic Fungi of Otomycosis. Int Med J, 22 (5), 389 – 391.
• Yaralizadeh M, Abedi P, Namjoyan F, Fatahinia M, Nezamivand Chegini S, 2018: A comparison of the effects of Lawsonia inermis (Iranian henna) and clotrimazole on Candida albicans in rats. J Mycol Med. 28 (3), 419-423.
• Yiğit D, 2017: Antifungal Activity Of Lawsonia Inermis L. (Henna) Against Clinical Candida Isolates. Erzincan Unv J of Sci and Tech, 10 (2), 196-202.