Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği Göç İş Birliği: Bir Göç Dışsallaştırma Örneği Olarak Türkiye’deki Mülteciler İçin Mali Yardım Aracı

Year 2022, Göç ve Mültecilik Özel Sayısı, 358 - 370, 30.09.2022

Seven Erdoğan

https://doi.org/10.33709/ictimaiyat.1088536

Abstract

Dünya üzerinde mültecilere en cömert refah rejimini sunan ülkeleri barındıran Avrupa, komşuluk alanlarında son yıllarda yaşanan çok sayıda kriz ve çatışmanın ardından ülkelerini terk etmek zorunda kalan milyonlarca göçmenin öncelikli olarak erişmek istediği bir yer haline gelmiştir. 2015 itibariyle tarihi bir göç baskısı ile karşı karşıya kalan Avrupa, göçü daha iyi yönetebilmek ve kontrol etmek üzere harekete geçiştir. Bu kapsamda alınan önlemlerden bazıları, Avrupa Birliği (AB) düzeyinde devletlerce ortaklaşa alınmıştır. Birlik bünyesinde alınan tedbirler arasında göç ve göçmen yükünün üçüncü ülkelerle paylaşılmasını içeren dışsallaştırma mekanizması da yer almıştır. AB üyelik hedefi doğrultusunda Birlik ile uzun zamandır göçe dair konularda işbirliği içerisinde olan Türkiye de, AB’nin dışsallaştırma mekanizması temelinde işbirliği geliştirdiği üçüncü ülkelerden biri olmuştur. 2016 yılında taraflar arasında resmiyet kazanan dışsallaştırma pratiğinin en önemli boyutlarından biri, bu çalışmanın odak noktasında yer alan Türkiye’deki Mülteciler İçin Mali Yardım Aracı olmuştur. Çalışmada göçe dair dışsallaştırma pratiğinin kavramsal olarak sunulmasının ardından, AB-Türkiye göç işbirliği ve Türkiye’deki Mülteciler İçin Mali Yardım Aracı konuları sırasıyla ele alınmıştır. Konuya ilişkin literatürün taranmasının yanı sıra, çalışma Türkiye’deki Mülteciler İçin Mali Yardım Programı ve Türkiye ile yapılan göç işbirliği konusunda Avrupa Birliği makamları tarafından üretilen resmi belge, rapor ve değerlendirmeler ile süreli yayınlarda konuya ilişkin yer alan haberlerden faydalanılarak hazırlanmıştır.

Keywords

Avrupa Birliği, Türkiye, Göç, Mülteci, Dışsallaştırma, Türkiye’deki Mülteciler İçin Mali Yardım Aracı

Turkey-European Union Migration Cooperation: Facility For Refugees In Turkey As An Example Of Migration Externalisation

Abstract

Europe, including the countries having the most generous welfare regimes in the world, has emerged as a primary destination for the millions of people fleeing their homes after the multiple crisis and conflicts in the neighbourhood regions. The unprecedented migration pressure has forced Europe to develop alternative methods to ensure a better management of the migration by 2015. Some of the measures in this vein were taken jointly by the states at the European Union (EU) level. Among the many steps taken at the EU level, externalisation mechanism, aiming to share migration burden with the third countries, also existed. Turkey, cooperating with the EU on matters regarding migration for a long time as a candidate country for the EU membership, has been also added to the externalisation efforts of the Union as a third country. Facility for the Refugees in Turkey has become one of main pillars of the externalisation relation formally established in 2016 between the parties. After presenting the migration externalisation mechanism conceptually, the study presents the EU-Turkey migration cooperation and the Facility for the Refugees in Turkey consecutively. In addition to the review of the literature on the subject, the study is based on the analysis of the official documents, reports and evaluations produced by the EU institutions on European Facility for the Refugees in Turkey and the cooperation with Turkey on migration, and the news on the subject in periodicals.

Keywords

European Union, Turkey, Migration, Refugee, Externalisation, Facility for Refugees in Turkey

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