Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Kentsel Gelişme ve Dönüşüm İçin Arazi Düzenleme Modelleri: Tanzanya’da Alternatif Modellerin Uygulanabilirliği

Abstract

Araştırmada sürdürülebilir kentsel arazi geliştirme süreçlerinde önemli zorluklarla karşılaşan gelişmekte olan ülkelere örnek teşkil eden Tanzanya’daki arazi düzenleme, kentsel geliştirme ve dönüşümde arazi yeniden düzenleme (AYD) tekniklerinin uygulanabilirliği birçok yönden ele alınmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı; İngilizce konuşmayan ülkelerde başarılı olan yenilikçi kentsel arazi geliştirme modellerinin potansiyelini ortaya koymak, kentsel arazi geliştirme yaklaşımlarını çeşitlendirmek, bu yaklaşımlardan yararlanma olanaklarını artırmak ve başarı oranlarını değerlendirmektir. Kuramsal incelemelere ek olarak yapılan saha çalışmasının hedeflerine ulaşabilmesi için, araştırmada hem anket (fiziksel ve çevrimiçi) verileri hem de uzman kişi ve kurumlarla yapılan derinlemesine görüşme sonuçlarının birlikte kullanıldığı karma bir yaklaşım benimsenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre arazi geliştirme öncesinde kamulaştırma yoluyla arazi edinimi uygulaması, sürdürülebilir kentsel arazi geliştirme projelerinden etkilenen bireyler üzerindeki sosyo-ekonomik etkileri azaltmakta başarılı olamamıştır. Bu başarısızlığın nedenleri arasında tazminat ödenmesinin gerekliliği, katılımcılık ve şeffaflık eksiklikleri ile uygun düzenleyici çerçevenin bulunmaması yer almaktadır. Bu bağlamda, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde kapsamlı ve kapsayıcı arazi yeniden düzenleme yaklaşımlarının uygulanmasının, arazi geliştirme ve kentsel gelişimin sağlanması açısından zorunlu olduğu açıktır.

Keywords

• Kentsel arazi geliştirme
• kamu hizmetleri
• kamulaştırma
• arazi yeniden düzenleme
• projeden etkilenen kişiler ve Tanzanya kentleri.

Land Readjustment Models for Urban Development and Transformation in Developing Countries: The Applicability of Alternative Models in Tanzania

Abstract

In the study, the applicability of land readjustment techniques in land regulation, urban development, and transformation in Tanzania, which serves as an example for developing countries facing significant challenges in sustainable urban land development processes, is addressed from multiple perspectives. The aim of the research is to reveal the potential of innovative urban land development models that have been successful in non-English speaking countries, diversify urban land development approaches, increase the possibilities of benefiting from these approaches, and evaluate their success rates. In addition to theoretical examinations, a mixed approach was adopted in the research to achieve the goals of the field study, utilizing both survey (physical and online) data and the results of in-depth interviews conducted with expert individuals and institutions. According to the research results, acquiring land through expropriation prior to land development has not successful reduced the socio-economic impacts on individuals affected by sustainable urban land development projects. Reasons for this failure include the necessity of compensation payments, lack of participation and transparency, and the absence of an appropriate regulatory framework. In this context, it is clear that implementing of comprehensive and inclusive land readjustment approaches in developing countries is essential for ensuring land development and urban growth.

Keywords

• Urban land development
• public services
• expropriation
• land readjustment
• project-affected people and Tanzanian cities.

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