Kentin Tanımlanmasında Sosyolojik Yaklaşımlar: Toplumsal Süreç ve/veya Mekânın Çözümlenmesi

Abstract

Klasik sosyolojiden bu yana kent, iki temel eksende tanımlanmaktadır: mekânsal olarak ve toplumsal bir süreç olarak. Kentleri, toplumların evriminde içkin olan çelişkilerin, çatışma ve uzlaşmaların siyasal, tarihsel ve sosyal olarak biriktiği toplumsal ve mekânsal birimler olarak tanımladığımız vakit, kendiliğinden sosyal bilimlerin de konusu, inceleme nesnesi haline getirmiş oluruz. Öte yandan aynı tanım, kentlerin kendisinin de bir parçası olduğu makro toplumsal olgulardan ve süreçlerden özerk sınırlarının olup olmadığı, varsa bu sınırların nerede, nasıl ve ne pahasına kurulduğu konusunda bir güçlüğü de beraberinde getirmektedir. Kenti çözümlemeye başladığımızda kaçınılmaz olarak belli toplumsal durum ve ilişkiler hakkında da düşünmeye başlarız. Bu makalede kent sosyolojisinin klasik ve eleştirel kuramcılarından bazıları seçilerek, kenti tanımlayan belirli kavramsal çerçevelerin özetlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 

Keywords

• kent,kent sosyolojisi,klasik sosyoloji,eleştirel teori,kent mekânı,kent teorisi,kültürel farklılık,kimlik

Sociological Approaches to the Definition of City: Analysis of Social Process and/or Space

Abstract

Beginning from classical sociology there have been two axes of urban definition: as spatial and as a social process. When we define city as a social and a spatial unit gathering contradictions, conflicts and compromises politically, historically and socially, we automatically make it the subject of social sciences. On the other hand, the same definition causes some difficulties when deciding whether cities have autonomous borders from macro-social facts and processes. When we begin to analyse urban we necessarily begin to think about some certain social circumstances and relations. In this article it is aimed to sum up certain conceptual frameworks on defining the city by  selecting some classical and critical sociologists of urban sociology. 

Keywords

• city,urban sociology,classical sociology,critical theory,urban space,urban theory,cultural difference,identity

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