Kentsel Peyzaj Ekolojisinin Sürdürülebilirliği İçin Yenilikçi Bir Yaklaşım: Yeşil Altyapı ve Planlama Politikası

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı; kentsel peyzaj ekolojisinin iyileştirilmesi ve sürdürülebilir kentlerin oluşturulmasına önemli katkısı olan yeşil altyapı sistemi ve ilgili planlama politikalarının araştırılmasını içermektedir. Kentsel peyzaj ekolojisinin sürdürülebilirliği kent sistemini oluşturan bileşenlerin ve fonksiyonların bütüncül yaklaşımlar belirli ilkeler (ör. bağlantılılık) çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi ile gerçekleştirilebilir. Bu nedenle, kentsel peyzajda öncelikli olarak yeşil altyapı sistemi oluşturulmalıdır. Yeşil altyapı; doğal ekosistemlerin fonksiyonlarını korumak ve bölge halkına çeşitli yararlar sunmak için stratejik olarak planlanan ve yönetilen doğal, yarı-doğal, kamu ve özel mülkiyete ait ve dış mekân rekreasyon alanlarının oluşturduğu ağı ifade eder. Yeşil altyapı sisteminin bileşenleri (e.g. koridor) ile kentsel peyzajdaki doğal habitatlar, yeşil koridorlar, açık ve yeşil alanlar birbiriyle ilişkilendirilir ve kentsel peyzaj ekolojisinin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlanır. Günümüzde Avrupa Birliği (AB), İngiltere ve Amerika’da yeşil altyapı sisteminin amaç ve yararları doğrultusunda birçok çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmektedir. Örneğin, Avrupa Birliği Komisyonu 2014–2020 Bütçesinde çeşitli politika ve araçlara (ör. AB Tarım Politikası) yeşil altyapı sisteminin entegrasyonunu desteklemiştir. Amerika ve İngiltere’de ise farklı planlama ölçekleri arasında bir ilişkinin kurulmaması özellikle sınır ötesi ve eyaletler arası (ör. Amerika’da) yeşil altyapı planlama projelerinin geliştirilmesi ve uygulanmasında önemli bir engeldir. Bu bağlamda, ulusal yeşil altyapı planlama stratejilerinin geliştirilmesine ihtiyaç vardır. 

Keywords

• kentsel peyzaj,kentsel peyzaj ekolojisi,yeşil altyapı,yeşil koridorlar,ekolojik süreçler

An Innovative Approach for the Sustainability of Urban Landscape Ecology: Green Infrastructure and Relevant Planning Policy

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate green infrastructure system and relevant planning policies that significantly contribute to the improvement of urban landscape ecology and development of sustainable cities. Sustainability of urban landscape ecology can be achieved by integrating components and functions of the urban system in a holistic approach within the framework of specific principles (e.g. connectivity). Therefore, green infrastructure system should primarily be developed in urban landscapes. Green infrastructure refers to the network of natural, semi-natural, public, private and open green spaces, which is strategically planned for conservation of ecosystem services and providing multi-functional benefits for urban dwellers. Natural habitats, green corridors and open green spaces are connected with each other by the components of green infrastructure system (e.g. corridor) in urban landscape. This approach contributes to the development of urban landscape ecology. Today, many studies about the functions and benefits of green infrastructure system are carried out in the European Union (EU), the United Kingdom and the United States. For example, Commission of the European Union has supported the integration of green infrastructure system into various policies and instruments (e.g. the EU Common Agricultural Policy) within the framework of the 2014-2020 Budget. Although various policies and instruments for the planning and implementation of green infrastructure system exist in the United States and the United Kingdom, failure to establish a relationship between different planning scales is a major obstacle especially for development and implementation of cross-border and inter-state green infrastructure projects. Within this context; development of the national green infrastructure strategy is needed. 

Keywords

• urban landscape,urban landscape ecology,green infrastructure,green corridors,ecological processes

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