Neoliberal Kent Projeleri ve Konut Politikalarının Göçmen Mahalle ve Yaşamlarına Etkisi: Göç Çalışmalarına Yeni bir Araştırma Gündemi Denemesi

Abstract

Bu makale göç çalışmalarının kent çalışmalarıyla bağlantısını kurma çabası üzerinde gelişmektedir, ve 1980 sonrası neoliberal politikalarla uygulanan kentsel yenileme projelerinin ve sosyal konutların özelleştirilmesinin göçmen mekan ve yaşamlarına olan etkisini akademik literatür ve kişisel gözlem ve görüşmeler üzerinden ve çeşitli ülkelerdeki kentlerden örnekleri kullanarak tartışmaktadır. Kent çalışmalarının odaklandığı neoliberal kentleşme, kentsel yenileme, soylulaşma, yerinden edilme (‘sınıfsal tahliye’) kavramları, göçmenlerin yaşamlarının neoliberal politikalar ile dönüşmesini anlamaya yönelik çalışmalar için yol göstericidir. Ayrıca, refah devleti uygulamalarındaki sosyal konut projelerinin neoliberal ideoloji çerçevesinde özelleştirilmesi ve dar gelirli grupların ipotek (mortgage) sistemi ile ev sahibi yapılmasının hedeflenmesi de göçmen yaşamlarını, mahalle ve konutlarıyla ilişkilerini, ve kimliklerini anlamaya yönelik çalışmalar için hesaba katılması gereken bir konudur. Makalede ulaşılan sonuç, söz konusu kent mekanlarına ve sosyal konutlara yönelik neoliberal politika ve pratiklerin göçmenlere çoğunlukla dezavantaj getirdiği yönündedir. Ev sahipliği ise, göçmenlere konutları üzerinden yeni kimlik ve insan-çevre ilişkisi getirmektedir.

Keywords

• göçmen mahalleleri,neoliberal kentleşme,soylulaşma,yerinden edilme,sosyal konut,ev sahipliği programları,mekansal kümelenme

The Effect of Neoliberal Urban Projects and Housing Policies on Immigrants’ Lives and Spaces: A New Research Agenda in Migration Studies

Abstract

This article aims to connect migration studies with urban studies. It discusses the outcomes of urban renewal projects and the privatization of social housing, both under the auspices of neoliberal policies, on the lives and spaces of immigrants. It relies on academic literature as well as personal observations and interviews, and presents examples from different cities in different countries to support its argument. The concepts that are developed in urban studies, such as neoliberal urbanism, urban renewal, gentrification and displacement, are helpful for migrant researchers who aim to understand the transformations in the lives of immigrants as the result of neoliberal policies. In addition, the privatization of social housing under the neoliberal ideology, which was one of the prime programs of the welfare state, and the attempt of turning social housing residents into home owners by providing credits with long maturities in the mortgage system are important to address in any migration study that aims to understand the lives and identities of immigrants, as well as their relationship with their neighborhoods and homes. The tentative conclusion of the article is that the neoliberal policies and practices that target urban spaces and social housing bring immigrants mostly disadvantages. In the case of home ownership, immigrants tend to take on new identities via their homes, as well as new relationship with their residential environments.

Keywords

• migrant neighborhoods,neoliberal urbanism,gentrification,displacement,social housing,home ownership programs,spatial clustering

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