Neoliberalizm Kent Alanlarında Neden Yoksulluğa İhtiyaç Duymaktadır?

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı neoliberal zihniyetin nasıl işlediğini ortaya koymak ve bu zihniyetin nasıl bir kent tasavvuruna sahip olduğunu deşifre etmeye çalışmaktır. Bunu yaparken öncelikle neoliberalizmin hangi düşünsel kaynaklardan beslendiğini göstermeyi amaçlayan bu çalışma aynı zamanda neoliberal zihniyetin yoksulluğu nasıl algıladığını da açıklamaya çalışmaktadır. Son olarak neoliberal kentleşme ve bu anlayışın bir yansıması olarak küresel kent oluşumuna teorik bir açıdan göz atan bu çalışma yoksulluğun nasıl göz ardı edilip sessizliğe itildiğini ele almaktadır.  

Keywords

• Neoliberalizm,Yoksulluk,Sosyal Ayrım,Küresel Kentler,İnsan Sermayesi

Why Does Neoliberalism need Poverty in Urban Areas?

Abstract

This study aims to decipher how neoliberal mentality functions and how it shapes the cities and the urban life. While doing this, the study also attempts to illustrate the theoretical and intellectual foundations of neoliberal mentality, and at the end it tries to understand how this mentality perceives and identifies the phenomenon of poverty. In the last instance, neoliberal urbanization and the formation of global cities as the reflection of neoliberal urbanization are scrutinized with a theoretical way to understand how poverty has been made invisible with several strategies of neoliberalism.

Keywords

• Neoliberalism,Poverty,Social Distinction,Global Cities,Human Capital

References

1. Becker, G. S. (1993). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
2. Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
3. Bourdieu, P. (1998). “The Essence of Neoliberalism”, Le Monde Diplomatique, 08 Ocak 2015’te erişildi, [http://mondediplo.com/1998/12/08bourdieu]
4. Brenner, N., & Keil, R. (2013). “Küresel Kentlerden Kentselliğin Küreselleşmesine”, Birikim, 01 Kasım 2014’te erişildi [http://www. birikimdergisi. com/guncel/kuresel-kentlerden-kentselligin-kuresellesmesine]
5. Florida, R. (2002). The Rise of the Creative Classes: And How It’s Transforming Work, Leisure, Community and Everyday Life, New York: Basic Books, 2002.
6. Foucault, M. (1986). “Of Other Spaces”, Diacratics, Vol.16, No.1, 22-27.
7. Foucault, M. (2008). The Birth of Biopolitics, New York: Picador.
8. Friedman, M., & Friedman R. (1990) Free to Choose, New York: Harcourt, (1980).

9. Friedmann, J. (1986). “The World City Hypothesis”, The Global Cities Reader editörler: Brenner N., & Keil, R. (2006). New York: Routledge, 65-71.
10. Giroux, H. A. (2014). Neoliberalism’s War on Higher Education, Chicago: Hay¬market Books.
11. Haila, A. (1997). “The Neglected Builder of Global Cities”, 1997, The Global Cities Reader editörler: Brenner N., & Keil, R. (2006). New York: Routledge, 282-287
12. Harvey, D. (2004). “The New Imperialism: Accumulation by Dispossession”, So¬cialist Register, Vol. 40, sf. 63-87.
13. Harvey, D. (2005). A Brief History of Neoliberalism, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
14. Harvey, D. (2008). “The Right to the City”, New Left Review, Vol. 53.
15. Jacobs, J. (1970). The Economy of Cities, New York: Random House.
16. Jevons, W. S. (1871). “The Theory of Political Economy”, 1871, editörler: Medema, S. G. & Samuels, W. J. (2003). The History of Economic Thought: A Reader, New York: Routledge, sf. 413-443.
17. Kennedy, C. (2011). The Evolution of Great World Cities, Toronto: University of Toronto Press,
18. Lefebvre, H. (2007). The Production of Space, Massachusetts: Blackwell.
19. Marx, K. (1977) Capital: A Critique of the Political Economy Vol. 1, New York: Vintage Books.
20. Montgomery, J. (2007). The New Wealth of Cities: City Dynamics and The Fifth Wave, Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing.
21. Sassen, S. (1996a). “Whose City Is It?”, The Global Cities Reader editörler: Brenner N., & Keil, R. (2006). New York: Routledge, 360.
22. Sassen, S. (1996b). “Cities and Communities in the Global Economy”, The Global Cities Reader editörler: Brenner N., & Keil, R. (2006). New York: Routledge, 83-88
23. Sassen, S. (2001) The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
24. Smith, A. (2012). The Wealth of Nations, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions
25. Smith, N. (1987). “Gentrification and Rent Gap”, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 77, No. 3, 462-465.
26. Veblen, T. (1994). The Theory of the Leisure Class. New York: Penguin Classics, (1899).
27. Wood, E. M. (2002). The Origins of Capitalism: A Longer View, Londra: Verso.
28. Zukin, S. (2010). “Gentrification as Market and Place”, The Gentrification Debates: A Reader, editör: Brown-Saracino, J. New York: Routledge, 37-44.
29. Zukin, S. (1992). “The City as a Landscape of Power: London and New York as Global Financial Capitals”, The Global Cities Reader editörler: Brenner N., & Keil, R. (2006). New York: Routledge, 138-144.