Tarihi ve Kültürel Miras Alanlarında Devingen ve Evrimsel Bir Yer Kimliği Kavramsallaştırması

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 20, 720 - 745, 30.09.2016

Müge Akkar Ercan

Öz

Küreselleşme ve
neoliberal kentleşme politikalarının etkisi altında, 30 yılı aşkın bir süredir
kentler ekonomik, toplumsal ve mekânsal olarak yeniden yapılanmaktadır.
Endüstri-sonrası kentlerde süregelen bu yapılanma, bir taraftan kentlerin
postmodern yüzlerinin gelişmesine ve küresel bir kentsel kimliğin ortaya
çıkmasına neden olurken, diğer taraftan ‘yerellikler’e ve ‘yer kimliği’ne yeni
tehditler oluşturmaktadır. “Yerin kendisine ve kültürüne dayanan ve o yeri
‘yer’ yapan özelliklerin yok olması” olarak tanımlanan “yersizlik” kavramı, son
yıllarda, kentlerde gözlemlediğimiz tektipleşme, standartlaşma ve melezleşmenin
ürünüdür. Endüstri-sonrası kentlerin kimlik sorununu yersizlik kavramı
bağlamında tartışan birçok çalışma, tarihi ve kültürel miras alanlarının
müzeleştirilerek ya da yok edilerek, ‘yer kimliği’ açısından
yoksunlaştırıldığına dikkat çekmektedir. Bu araştırma, zaman-mekân sürekliliği
içerisinde sürekli evrilen kentlerde ve toplumlarda yer kimliğinin nasıl
korunabileceğini tarihi ve kültürel miras alanları bağlamında tartışmayı
amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın birinci bölümü, endüstri-sonrası kentlerin kimlik
probleminin arkasındaki nedenleri ve yer kimliğinin önemini incelemektedir;
tarihi ve kültürel miras ve yer kimliğine yönelik temel problem ve çelişki
alanlarını tanımlamaktadır. Araştırmanın ikinci bölümü, ‘yer kimliği’ni,
mekân-yer yazını bağlamında, E. Relph’in ‘fiziksel çevre’, ‘etkinlikler’ ve
‘anlamlar’ üçlemesiyle ilişkilendirerek, evrimsel ve bağlamsal perspektifler
ışığında kavramsallaştırmaktadır. Araştırmanın üçüncü bölümü, zaman-mekân
sürekliliği içinde, sürekli evrilen yer kimliğinin devingenliğiyle kültürel
miras alanlarında idealize edilen durağanlığı arasındaki temel çelişkinin nasıl
yeniden kurgulanarak, uzlaştırılabileceğini tartışmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tarihi ve kültürel miras, Yer kimliği, Kentsel koruma, Endüstri-sonrası kentler, Devingen, Evrimsel, Bağlamsal

A Dynamic and Evolving Conceptualisation of Place Identity in Historic and Cultural Heritage Sites

Öz

Under the impacts of the
globalisation and neoliberal urbanism, contemporary cities have undergone a
significant economic, social and spatial restructuring over more than three
decades. While this change has led to the generation of post-modern face of
many cities with a global urban identity, it brings about a significant and
often detrimental impact upon localities, and their identities.
‘Placelessness’, defined as “the displacement or loss of ‘authentic’ forms of
culture –made from and making, local distinctiveness- by mass-produced
commercial forms imposed on the locality”, is the ultimate outcome of the
homogenisation, standardisation and hybridization of urban space. A number of
studies, which discuss the identity crisis of historical and cultural heritage
sites in relation with the notion of placelessness, call attention to the impoverishment
of the place identity by either museumisation or eradification of these sites.
In a space-time continuum where cities and societies incessantly evolve, this
research aims to discuss how to conserve ‘place identity’ in historical and
cultural heritage sites. The paper first examines the factors which have
brought about urban identity problems of post-industrial cities, describes the
significance of urban identity for individuals, societies and cities, as well
as the threats and conflicting areas resulted from the urban identity crisis of
contemporary cities. Second, referring to the literature on the space-place
debates, it conceptualizes the notion of ‘place identity’ in relation with the
E. Relph’s triad of ‘physical setting or appearance’, ‘activities’ and
‘meanings’, as well as its contextual and evolutionary aspects. Last but not
least, the third part seeks to discuss and find answers to the questions of how
the stability of idealised conservation of place identity can be reconciled
with the dynamics of place identity with its continuously evolving nature in
the space-time continuum.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Historic and cultural heritage, Place identity, Urban conservation, Post-industrial cities, Dynamic, Evolutionary, Contextual

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