Evaluation of the views of elderly people on urban green spaces
Year 2025,
Issue: 49, 129 - 150
Muhammet Kesin
,
Batuhan Horasan
Abstract
Considering the health benefits that green spaces provide to individuals, our study aims to evaluate the opinions of elderly individuals regarding green spaces and to shed light on strategies for ensuring their effective use. This study was conducted using qualitative research methods. Participants were determined using purposive sampling and consisted of individuals aged 65 and over living in the Safranbolu district. Due to data redundancy, interviews were concluded with 28 participants. Inclusion criteria were being 65 years of age or older and residing in Safranbolu. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed using content analysis with Maxqda software. Findings revealed that urban green spaces are used more during the afternoon hours and contribute to individuals' psychosocial and physical health. Additionally, participants were negatively affected by social isolation and psychological factors during the pandemic. Urban green space deficiencies affected usage, with the most significant being infrastructure and access issues. Urban green spaces play an important role in increasing physical activity and psychosocial health of the elderly. Ensuring effective use requires necessary infrastructure improvements, safety measures, and addressing identified deficiencies. Creating more accessible and safe urban green spaces for the elderly is of great importance for ageing societies.
Ethical Statement
In order to conduct the research, the relevant permissions were obtained by Social and Human Sciences Research Ethics Committee with the decision dated 28.02.2025 and numbered E-78977401-605-417366. Data collection started after ethics committee permission was obtained.
References
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Ali, J., Rahaman, M., & Hossain, S. I. (2022). Urban green spaces for elderly human health: A planning model for healthy city living. Land Use Policy, 114, 105970.
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Astell-Burt, T., Hartig, T., Eckermann, S., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., McMunn, A., Frumkin, H., & Feng, X. (2022). More green, less lonely? A longitudinal cohort study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 51(1), 99–110.
-
Aydemir, B., Çetinkaya, G., Güngör, A., & Ömüriş, E. (2024). Understanding the visitor complaints about urban green spaces: A thematic investigation of online reviews on nation gardens in Istanbul, Türkiye. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1–10.
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Barton, J., & Pretty, J. (2010). What is the best dose of nature and green exercise for improving mental health? A multi-study analysis. Environmental Science & Technology, 44(10), 3947–3955.
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Bhattacharya, K. (2017). Fundamentals of qualitative research: A practical guide. Routledge.
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Boavida, J., Ayanoglu, H., Pereira, C. V., & Hernandez-Ramirez, R. (2023). Active aging and smart public parks. Geriatrics, 8(5), 94.
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Botkin, D. B., & Beveridge, C. E. (1997). Cities as environments. Urban Ecosystems, 1(1), 3–19.
-
Briki, W., & Majed, L. (2019). Adaptive effects of seeing green environment on psychophysiological parameters when walking or running. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 252.
-
Carmeli, E., Coleman, R., & Reznick, A. Z. (2002). The biochemistry of aging muscle. Experimental Gerontology, 37, 477–489.
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Cohen, D. A., Inagami, S., & Finch, B. (2008). The built environment and collective efficacy. Health & Place, 14(2), 198–208.
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De Kleyn, L., Mumaw, L., & Corney, H. (2020). From green spaces to vital places: Connection and expression in urban greening. Australian Geographer, 51(2), 205–219.
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Dönmez, Y., Özyavuz, M., & Gökyer, E. (2015). Safranbolu kentinin konut ve site alanlarının yeşil alan durumlarının saptanması. İnönü Üniversitesi Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, 5(11), 1–12.
-
Dzhambov, A. M., Lercher, P., Browning, M. H. E. M., Stoyanov, D., Petrova, N., Novakov, S., & Dimitrova, D. D. (2021). Does greenery experienced indoors and outdoors provide an escape and support mental health during the COVID-19 quarantine? Environmental Research, 196, 110420.
-
Egoz, S., & De Nardi, A. (2017). Defining landscape justice: The role of landscape in supporting wellbeing of migrants, a literature review. Landscape Research, 42(S1), S74–S89.
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Escobedo, F. J., Kroeger, T., & Wagner, J. E. (2011). Urban forests and pollution mitigation: Analyzing ecosystem services and disservices. Environmental Pollution, 159(8), 2078–2087.
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Goméz, A., Costa, C., & Santana, P. (2014). Acessibilidade e utilização dos espaços verdes urbanos nas cidades de Coimbra (Portugal) e Salamanca (Espanha). Finisterra, 49, 49–68.
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Groenewegen, P., van den Berg, A., de Vries, S., & Verheij, R. (2006). Vitamin G: Effects of green space on health, well-being, and social safety. BMC Public Health, 6, 149.
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Güler, Z. (2005). Özel politika gerektiren grupların iş yaşamındaki sağlık ve güvenlik riskleri ile kontrol tedbirleri. Çalışma Dünyası Dergisi, 2, 117–134.
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Hüsam, A., Öztürk, S., & Dönmez, Y. (2021). Parkların peyzaj mimarlığı açısından incelenmesi: Karabük kent merkezi örneği. Journal of Humanities and Tourism Research, 11(2), 339–346.
-
Jamalishahni, T., Turrell, G., Foster, S., Davern, M., & Villanueva, K. (2023). Neighbourhood socio-economic disadvantage and loneliness: The contribution of green space quantity and quality. BMC Public Health, 23, 598.
-
Jensen, J., Lundin, O. L., Nyberg, L., & Yngve, G. (2002). Fall and injury prevention in older people living in residential care facilities. Annals of Internal Medicine, 136(10), 733–741.
-
Kim, K., Joyce, B. T., Nannini, D. R., Zheng, Y., Gordon-Larsen, P., Shikany, J. M., … Hou, L. (2023). Inequalities in urban greenness and epigenetic aging: Different associations by race and neighborhood socioeconomic status. Science Advances, 9(26), eadf8140. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adf8140
-
Łaszkiewicz, E., Kronenberg, J., Mohamed, A. A., Roitsch, D., & De Vreese, R. (2023). Who does not use urban green spaces and why? Insights from a comparative study of thirty-three European countries. Landscape and Urban Planning, 239, 104099.
-
Lee, I. M., Shiroma, E. J., Lobelo, F., Puska, P., Blair, S. N., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2012). Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: An analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. The Lancet, 380(9838), 219–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9
-
Li, H., Liu, H., Yang, Z., Bi, S., Cao, Y., & Zhang, G. (2020). The effects of green and urban walking in different time frames on physio-psychological responses of middle-aged and older people in Chengdu, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 90.
-
Li, Q., Liu, Y., Yang, L., Ge, J., Chang, X., & Zhang, X. (2023). The impact of urban green space on the health of middle-aged and older adults. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1244477.
-
Li, Y., Li, L., Wang, W., Kong, H., Chen, L., & Yang, L. (2024). How to enhance thermal comfort in greenway walking? An exploration of the physical environment, walking status, and emotional perspectives. Urban Climate, 56, 102053.
-
Maas, M. (2020). A taxonomy of ML for systems problems. IEEE Micro, 40, 8–16.
-
McPhee, J. S., French, D. P., Jackson, D., Nazroo, J., Pendleton, N., & Degens, H. (2016). Physical activity in older age: Perspectives for healthy ageing and frailty. Biogerontology, 17(3), 567–580.
-
Mitchell, R., & Popham, F. (2007). Greenspace, urbanity and health: Relationships in England. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 61(8), 681–683.
-
Morse, J. M. (2015). Data were saturated. Qualitative Health Research, 25(5), 587–588.
-
Mytton, O. T., Townsend, N., Rutter, H., & Foster, C. (2012). Green space and physical activity: An observational study using Health Survey for England data. Health & Place, 18(5), 1034–1041.
-
Obradovich, N., & Fowler, J. H. (2017). Climate change may alter human physical activity patterns. Nature Human Behaviour, 1(5), 0097.
-
Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Leech, N. L. (2007). A call for qualitative power analyses. Quality & Quantity, 41(1), 105–121.
-
Pratt, M., Norris, J., Lobelo, F., Roux, L., & Wang, G. (2014). The cost of physical inactivity: Moving into the 21st century. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48, 171–173.
-
Robinson, T., Robertson, N., Curtis, F., Darko, N., & Jones, C. R. (2022). Psychosocial and economic barriers to green space access for racialised individuals and families. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(1), 745.
-
Speziale, H. S., Streubert, H. J., & Carpenter, D. R. (2011). Qualitative research in nursing: Advancing the humanistic imperative. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
-
Tekindal, M., & Uğuz Arsu, Ş. (2020). Nitel araştırma yöntemi olarak fenomenolojik yaklaşımın kapsamı ve sürecine yönelik bir derleme. Ufkun Ötesi Bilim Dergisi, 20(1), 153–182.
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Terefe, A. E., & Hou, Y. (2024). Determinants influencing the accessibility and use of urban green spaces: A review of empirical evidence. City and Environment Interactions, 20, 100159.
-
Togo, F., Watanabe, E., Park, H., Shephard, R. J., & Aoyagi, Y. (2005). Meteorology and the physical activity of the elderly: The Nakanojo Study. International Journal of Biometeorology, 50(2), 83–89.
-
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-
Wang, B. W., Ramey, D. R., Schettler, J. D., Hubert, H. B., & Fries, J. F. (2002). Postponed development of disability in elderly runners: A 13-year longitudinal study. Archives of Internal Medicine, 162, 2285–2294.
-
WHO Regional Office for Europe. (2016). Urban green spaces and health. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/345751/WHO-EURO-2016-3352-43111-60341-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (Accessed March 15, 2025)
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Yaşlı bireylerin kentsel yeşil alanlara ilişkin görüşlerinin değerlendirilmesi
Year 2025,
Issue: 49, 129 - 150
Muhammet Kesin
,
Batuhan Horasan
Abstract
Yeşil alanların bireylere sağladığı sağlık faydaları göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, çalışmamız yaşlı bireylerin yeşil alanlara ilişkin görüşlerini değerlendirmeyi ve bu alanların etkin kullanımını sağlamaya yönelik stratejilere ışık tutmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın katılımcıları amaçlı örnekleme tekniği ile belirlenmiş olup Safranbolu ilçesinde yaşayan 65 yaş ve üzeri bireylerden oluşmaktadır. Veri tekrarı nedeniyle 28 katılımcı ile görüşmeler sonlandırılmıştır. Araştırmaya dahil edilme kriterleri 65 yaş ve üzeri olmak ve Safranbolu'da ikamet etmektir. Veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yoluyla toplanmış ve Maxqda yazılımı kullanılarak içerik analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularında, kentsel yeşil alanların daha çok öğle saatlerinde kullanıldığı ve bireylerin psikososyal sağlığı ile fiziksel sağlığına katkı sağladığı görüşü hâkim olmuştur. Ayrıca pandemi sürecinde bireylerin sosyal izolasyon ve psikolojik nedenlerden dolayı olumsuz etkilendiği belirtilmiştir. Kentsel yeşil alan eksikliklerinin yeşil alan kullanımını etkilediği ve en büyük eksikliğin altyapı ve erişim sorunları olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kentsel yeşil alanlar, yaşlıların fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin ve psikososyal sağlıklarının artırılmasında önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu alanların etkin kullanımını sağlamak için gerekli altyapı iyileştirmeleri, güvenlik önlemleri ve tespit edilen eksikliklerin giderilmesi gerekmektedir. Yaşlılar için daha erişilebilir ve güvenli kentsel yeşil alanların oluşturulması, yaşlanan toplumlar için büyük önem taşımaktadır.
Ethical Statement
Araştırmanın yapılabilmesi için Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Araştırma Etik Kurulu’nun 28.02.2025 tarih ve E-78977401-605-417366 sayılı kararı ile gerekli izinler alınmıştır. Etik kurul izni alındıktan sonra veri toplama işlemine başlanmıştır.
References
-
Addas, A. (2023). The importance of urban green spaces in the development of smart cities. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 11, 1206372.
-
Ak, M., & Közleme, O. (2017). Yaşlı yoksulluğu. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(2), 197–208.
-
Ali, J., Rahaman, M., & Hossain, S. I. (2022). Urban green spaces for elderly human health: A planning model for healthy city living. Land Use Policy, 114, 105970.
-
Astell-Burt, T., Hartig, T., Eckermann, S., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., McMunn, A., Frumkin, H., & Feng, X. (2022). More green, less lonely? A longitudinal cohort study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 51(1), 99–110.
-
Aydemir, B., Çetinkaya, G., Güngör, A., & Ömüriş, E. (2024). Understanding the visitor complaints about urban green spaces: A thematic investigation of online reviews on nation gardens in Istanbul, Türkiye. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1–10.
-
Barton, J., & Pretty, J. (2010). What is the best dose of nature and green exercise for improving mental health? A multi-study analysis. Environmental Science & Technology, 44(10), 3947–3955.
-
Bhattacharya, K. (2017). Fundamentals of qualitative research: A practical guide. Routledge.
-
Boavida, J., Ayanoglu, H., Pereira, C. V., & Hernandez-Ramirez, R. (2023). Active aging and smart public parks. Geriatrics, 8(5), 94.
-
Botkin, D. B., & Beveridge, C. E. (1997). Cities as environments. Urban Ecosystems, 1(1), 3–19.
-
Briki, W., & Majed, L. (2019). Adaptive effects of seeing green environment on psychophysiological parameters when walking or running. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 252.
-
Carmeli, E., Coleman, R., & Reznick, A. Z. (2002). The biochemistry of aging muscle. Experimental Gerontology, 37, 477–489.
-
Cohen, D. A., Inagami, S., & Finch, B. (2008). The built environment and collective efficacy. Health & Place, 14(2), 198–208.
-
Creswell, J. W. (2017). Araştırma deseni: Nitel, nicel ve karma yöntem yaklaşımları (Çev. versiyonu). Eğiten Kitap Yayınevi.
-
Dallmeyer, S., Wicker, P., & Breuer, C. (2017). How an aging society affects the economic costs of inactivity in Germany: Empirical evidence and projections. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 14, 18.
-
De Kleyn, L., Mumaw, L., & Corney, H. (2020). From green spaces to vital places: Connection and expression in urban greening. Australian Geographer, 51(2), 205–219.
-
Dönmez, Y., Özyavuz, M., & Gökyer, E. (2015). Safranbolu kentinin konut ve site alanlarının yeşil alan durumlarının saptanması. İnönü Üniversitesi Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, 5(11), 1–12.
-
Dzhambov, A. M., Lercher, P., Browning, M. H. E. M., Stoyanov, D., Petrova, N., Novakov, S., & Dimitrova, D. D. (2021). Does greenery experienced indoors and outdoors provide an escape and support mental health during the COVID-19 quarantine? Environmental Research, 196, 110420.
-
Egoz, S., & De Nardi, A. (2017). Defining landscape justice: The role of landscape in supporting wellbeing of migrants, a literature review. Landscape Research, 42(S1), S74–S89.
-
Escobedo, F. J., Kroeger, T., & Wagner, J. E. (2011). Urban forests and pollution mitigation: Analyzing ecosystem services and disservices. Environmental Pollution, 159(8), 2078–2087.
-
Goméz, A., Costa, C., & Santana, P. (2014). Acessibilidade e utilização dos espaços verdes urbanos nas cidades de Coimbra (Portugal) e Salamanca (Espanha). Finisterra, 49, 49–68.
-
Groenewegen, P., van den Berg, A., de Vries, S., & Verheij, R. (2006). Vitamin G: Effects of green space on health, well-being, and social safety. BMC Public Health, 6, 149.
-
Güler, Z. (2005). Özel politika gerektiren grupların iş yaşamındaki sağlık ve güvenlik riskleri ile kontrol tedbirleri. Çalışma Dünyası Dergisi, 2, 117–134.
-
Hüsam, A., Öztürk, S., & Dönmez, Y. (2021). Parkların peyzaj mimarlığı açısından incelenmesi: Karabük kent merkezi örneği. Journal of Humanities and Tourism Research, 11(2), 339–346.
-
Jamalishahni, T., Turrell, G., Foster, S., Davern, M., & Villanueva, K. (2023). Neighbourhood socio-economic disadvantage and loneliness: The contribution of green space quantity and quality. BMC Public Health, 23, 598.
-
Jensen, J., Lundin, O. L., Nyberg, L., & Yngve, G. (2002). Fall and injury prevention in older people living in residential care facilities. Annals of Internal Medicine, 136(10), 733–741.
-
Kim, K., Joyce, B. T., Nannini, D. R., Zheng, Y., Gordon-Larsen, P., Shikany, J. M., … Hou, L. (2023). Inequalities in urban greenness and epigenetic aging: Different associations by race and neighborhood socioeconomic status. Science Advances, 9(26), eadf8140. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adf8140
-
Łaszkiewicz, E., Kronenberg, J., Mohamed, A. A., Roitsch, D., & De Vreese, R. (2023). Who does not use urban green spaces and why? Insights from a comparative study of thirty-three European countries. Landscape and Urban Planning, 239, 104099.
-
Lee, I. M., Shiroma, E. J., Lobelo, F., Puska, P., Blair, S. N., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2012). Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: An analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. The Lancet, 380(9838), 219–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9
-
Li, H., Liu, H., Yang, Z., Bi, S., Cao, Y., & Zhang, G. (2020). The effects of green and urban walking in different time frames on physio-psychological responses of middle-aged and older people in Chengdu, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 90.
-
Li, Q., Liu, Y., Yang, L., Ge, J., Chang, X., & Zhang, X. (2023). The impact of urban green space on the health of middle-aged and older adults. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1244477.
-
Li, Y., Li, L., Wang, W., Kong, H., Chen, L., & Yang, L. (2024). How to enhance thermal comfort in greenway walking? An exploration of the physical environment, walking status, and emotional perspectives. Urban Climate, 56, 102053.
-
Maas, M. (2020). A taxonomy of ML for systems problems. IEEE Micro, 40, 8–16.
-
McPhee, J. S., French, D. P., Jackson, D., Nazroo, J., Pendleton, N., & Degens, H. (2016). Physical activity in older age: Perspectives for healthy ageing and frailty. Biogerontology, 17(3), 567–580.
-
Mitchell, R., & Popham, F. (2007). Greenspace, urbanity and health: Relationships in England. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 61(8), 681–683.
-
Morse, J. M. (2015). Data were saturated. Qualitative Health Research, 25(5), 587–588.
-
Mytton, O. T., Townsend, N., Rutter, H., & Foster, C. (2012). Green space and physical activity: An observational study using Health Survey for England data. Health & Place, 18(5), 1034–1041.
-
Obradovich, N., & Fowler, J. H. (2017). Climate change may alter human physical activity patterns. Nature Human Behaviour, 1(5), 0097.
-
Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Leech, N. L. (2007). A call for qualitative power analyses. Quality & Quantity, 41(1), 105–121.
-
Pratt, M., Norris, J., Lobelo, F., Roux, L., & Wang, G. (2014). The cost of physical inactivity: Moving into the 21st century. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48, 171–173.
-
Robinson, T., Robertson, N., Curtis, F., Darko, N., & Jones, C. R. (2022). Psychosocial and economic barriers to green space access for racialised individuals and families. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(1), 745.
-
Speziale, H. S., Streubert, H. J., & Carpenter, D. R. (2011). Qualitative research in nursing: Advancing the humanistic imperative. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
-
Tekindal, M., & Uğuz Arsu, Ş. (2020). Nitel araştırma yöntemi olarak fenomenolojik yaklaşımın kapsamı ve sürecine yönelik bir derleme. Ufkun Ötesi Bilim Dergisi, 20(1), 153–182.
-
Terefe, A. E., & Hou, Y. (2024). Determinants influencing the accessibility and use of urban green spaces: A review of empirical evidence. City and Environment Interactions, 20, 100159.
-
Togo, F., Watanabe, E., Park, H., Shephard, R. J., & Aoyagi, Y. (2005). Meteorology and the physical activity of the elderly: The Nakanojo Study. International Journal of Biometeorology, 50(2), 83–89.
-
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu. (2020). Yaşlanma özel ihtisas komisyonu raporu. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu. https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/YaslanmaOzelIhtisasKomisyonuRaporu.pdf (Accessed March 26, 2025)
-
Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2022). İstatistiklerle yaşlılar. https://www.tuik.gov.tr/media/announcements/istatistiklerle_yaslilar_tr.pdf (Accessed March 09, 2025)
-
Van Den Berg, M. M., Van Poppel, M., Van Kamp, I., Ruijsbroek, A., Triguero-Mas, M., Gidlow, C., … Maas, J. (2019). Do physical activity, social cohesion, and loneliness mediate the association between time spent visiting green space and mental health? Environment and Behavior, 51(2), 144–166. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916517738563
-
Wang, B. W., Ramey, D. R., Schettler, J. D., Hubert, H. B., & Fries, J. F. (2002). Postponed development of disability in elderly runners: A 13-year longitudinal study. Archives of Internal Medicine, 162, 2285–2294.
-
WHO Regional Office for Europe. (2016). Urban green spaces and health. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/345751/WHO-EURO-2016-3352-43111-60341-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (Accessed March 15, 2025)
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