ORTAÇAĞ KATOLİK KİLİSESİ’NDE KONSİLYARİZM VE KONSİLYARİST HAREKET

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 101 - 119, 20.06.2022

İsmail Taşpınar İbrahim Korhan

Abstract

Bir teori ve akım olarak konsilyarizm, Katolik Kilisesi’nin derin bir otorite krizine
sürüklendiği, “Büyük Batı Bölünmesi” (Great Western Schism, 1378-1417)
döneminde tarih sahnesine çıkmıştır. Bu akımın temel amacı, öncelikle meşru ve
tek bir papa seçerek bölünmeyi sonlandırmaktır. Kilise’nin mutlak hâkimi olma
iddiasında olan Papalığın otoritesini Genel Konsil’ler yoluyla sınırlandırmak ve
dengelemek de akımın öncelikli amaçlarındandır. Bir başka deyişle
konsilyaristler, kilise idaresinde mutlak monarşik bir yönetim yerine, görece
daha demokratik bir sistemi benimsemiştir. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle konsilyarizm
fikrinin ortaya çıkışını sağlayan tarihsel arka planı incelenmiş, ardından
konsilyaristlerin kilise ve kilise otoritesine ilişkin öne sürdükleri görüşlerin
dayandığı temel prensipler ele alınmıştır.

Keywords

Konsilyarizm, Otorite, Kilise, Papalık, Büyük Batı Bölünmesi

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