TEDARİK ZİNCİRİ GÖRÜNÜRLÜĞÜNÜ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER VE GÖRÜNÜRLÜĞÜN İŞLETME PERFORMANSIYLA İLİŞKİSİ: TÜRKİYE’DE SAHA ARAŞTIRMASI

Abstract

Tedarik zinciri görünürlüğü (TZG), bir işletmenin bir ürünü üretimden tüketim aşamasına kadar takip edebilme yeteneğini ifade etmektedir. Tedarik zincirlerinin karmaşık hale gelmesi ve rekabetin artmasıyla beraber işletmeler; tedarik zincirlerini etkin bir şekilde yönetmek, müşterinin beklentilerini karşılamak ve maliyetlerini düşürebilmek için tedarik zincirinde görünürlüğü artırmaya çalışmaktadırlar. Bunun başarılabilmesi için öncelikli olarak görünürlüğün hangi faktörler tarafından etkilendiğinin ortaya çıkartılması gerekmektedir. Literatürde alıcı-tedarikçi ilişkilerinin ve bilişim teknolojileri kullanımının görünürlüğü artırdığı vurgulansa da bu konuda yapılan ampirik araştırmalar oldukça sınırlıdır. Buradan hareket eden bu çalışmanın amacı, bilişim teknolojileri kullanımının ve alıcı-tedarikçi ilişkilerin TZG üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek ve aynı zamanda TZG’nin pazar performansı ve finansal performansı nasıl etkilediğini incelemektir. Bu çalışmada bahsedilen değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler, kısmi en küçük kareler yapısal eşitlik analizi (PLS-YEM) ile Türkiye’de faaliyette bulunan 135 işletme üzerinde test edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, bilişim teknolojileri kullanımının ve alıcı-tedarikçi ilişkilerinin TZG’yi pozitif bir şekilde etkilediğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca TZG’nin pazar performansı üzerinde de pozitif etkisi tespit edilmiş fakat finansal performans üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi bulunamamıştır.

Keywords

• Tedarik Zinciri Görünürlüğü
• Alıcı-Tedarikçi İlişkileri
• Bilişim Teknolojileri
• Performans
• Yapısal Eşitlik Analizi

FACTORS AFFECTING SUPPLY CHAIN VISIBILITY AND RELATIONSHIP OF VISIBILITY WITH BUSINESS PERFORMANCE: FIELD STUDY IN TURKEY

Abstract

Supply chain visibility (SCV) refers to the ability of a business to follow up a product from the stage of production to the stage of consumption. Along with the sophistication of supply chains and the increase in competition, the businesses try to enhance the visibility of supply chains to manage supply chains effectively, meet the customer’s expectations, and lower their costs. To succeed in enhancing visibility, it is necessary, firstly, to find out which factors affect the supply chain visibility. In the relevant literature, even if it is emphasized that buyer-supplier relationships and the use of information technologies enhance the supply chain visibility, there is a quite limited number of empirical studies performed on this topic. Departing from this point, this study aims to identify the effects of the use of information technologies and buyer-supplier relationships on the SCV, and also, to analyze how the SCV affects market performance and financial performance. In this study, the associations between the above variables were examined by using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-YEM) on 135 businesses in Turkey. Research results indicate that the use of information technologies and buyer-supplier relationships positively affected the supply chain visibility. Besides, it is identified that the SCV had a positive effect on the market performance but had no statistically significant effect on the financial performance.

Keywords

• Supply Chain Visibility
• Buyer-Supplier Relationships
• Information Technologies
• Performance
• Structural Equation Modeling

References

1. Agarwal, U. A. ve Narayana, S. (2020). Impact of relational communication on buyer–supplier relationship satisfaction: Role of trust and commitment. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 27(8), 2459-2496.
2. Ahmed, S. vd. (2021). Towards supply chain visibility using ınternet of things: A dyadic analysis review. Sensors, 21, 2-24.
3. Baah, C. vd. (2020). Effect of information sharing in supply chains: Understanding the roles of supply chain visibility, agility, collaboration on supply chain performance. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 1-22. doi: 10.1108/BIJ-08-2020-0453.
4. Barratt, M. ve Oke, A. (2007). Antecedents of supply chain visibility in retail supply chains: A resource-based theory perspective. Journal of Operations Management, 25(6), 1217-1233
5. Bastl, M., Johnson, M., Lightfoot, H. ve Evans, S. (2012). Buyer-supplier relationships in a servitized environment: An examination with Cannon and Perreault’s. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 32 (6), 650-675.
6. Beuckelaer, A.D. ve Wagner, S.M. (2012). Small sample surveys: increasing rigor in supply chain management research. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 42(7), 615-639.
7. Brandon-Jones, E., Squire, B., Autry, C.W. ve Petersen, K.J. (2014). A contingent resource-based perspective of supply chain resilience and robustness. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 50(3), 55-73.
8. Braunscheidel, M. J. ve Suresh, N. C. (2009). The organizational antecedents of a firm’s supply chain agility for risk mitigation and response. Journal of Operations Management, 27, 119-140.

9. Brusset, X. (2016). Does supply chain visibility enhance agility?. International Journal Production Economics, 171, 46-59.
10. Caridi, M., Crippa, L., Perego, A., Sianesi, A. ve Tumino, A. (2010). Measuring visibility to improve supply chain performance: A quantitative approach. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 17(4), 593-615.
11. Carr, A.S. ve Smeltzer, R. (2002). The relationship between information technology use and buyer–supplier relationships: An exploratory analysis of the buying firm’s Perspective. IEEE Transactions On Engineering Management, 49(3), 293-304.
12. Corsten, D. ve Felde, J. (2005). Exploring the performance effects of key-supplier collaboration: An empirical investigation into Swiss buyer-supplier relationships. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 35(6), 445-461.
13. Çağlıyan, V. (2009). Alıcı-tedarikçi ilişkilerinin işletme performansına etkisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(3), 461-479.
14. Çakır, F.S. (2020). Kısmi en küçük kareler yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (PLS-SEM). Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
15. Dubey, R. vd. (2018). Supply chain agility, adaptability and alignment empirical evidence from the indian auto components industry. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 38(1), 129-148.
16. Dubey, R. vd. (2020). Upstream supply chain visibility and complexity effect on focal company’s sustainable performance: Indian manufacturers’ perspective. Annals Operations Research, 290, 343-367.
17. Eroğlu, A. (2008). Faktör analizi. Ş.Kalaycı (Ed.), SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri içinde (s. 321-331). Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım.
18. Fynes, B. ve Voss, C. (2002). The moderating effect of buyer-supplier relationship on quality practices and performance. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 22(6), 589-613.
19. Henseler, J., Hubona, G. ve Ray, P. (2016). Using PLS path modeling in newt echnology research: Updated guidelines. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116(1), 2-20.
20. Holcomb, M.C., Ponomarov, S.Y. ve Manrodt, K.B. (2011). The relationship of supply chain visibility to firm performance. Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal, 12(2), 32-45.
21. Hsu, C.C., Kannan, V.R., Tan, K.C. ve Leong K. (2008). Information sharing, buyer-supplier relationships, and firm performance: A multi-region analysis. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 38(4), 296-310.
22. Jeyaraj, A. ve Sethi, V. (2010). Implementation of information systems ınfrastructure for supply chain visibility. SAIS 2010 Proceedings, 14, 75-80.
23. Jeyaraj, A. ve Sethi, V. (2013). Implementation of information systems infrastructure for supply chain visibility in organizations. Journal of Information Science and Technology, 9(1), 3-23.
24. Jermsittiparsert, K. ve Sriwat, S. (2019). The role of supply chain visibility in enhancing supply chain agility. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 5(2), 485-501.
25. Kannan, V.R ve Tan, K.C. (2006). Buyer-supplier relationships: The impact of supplier selection and buyer-supplier engagement on relationship and firm performance. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 36(10), 755-775.
26. Kim, C. ve Shin, K. (2019). Developing fair investment plans to enhance supply chain visibility using cooperative games. Sustainability, 11, 1-13.
27. Maghsoudi, A. ve Pazirandeh, A. (2016). Visibility, resource sharing and performance in supply chain relationships: insights from humanitarian practitioners. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 21(1), 125-139.
28. Martin, J.H. ve Grbac, B. (2003). Using supply chain management to leverage a firm’s market orientation. Industrial Marketing Management, 32, 25-38.
29. Mcintire, J.S. (2016). Supply chain visibility: From theory to practice. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
30. Merschmann, U. ve Thonemann, U. W. (2011). Supply chain flexibility, uncertainty and firm performance: An empirical analysis of German manufacturing firms. International Journal of Production Economics, 130(1), 43-53.
31. Moshood, T.D, Nawanir, G., Sorooshian, S. ve Okfalisa, O. (2021). Digital twins driven supply chain visibility within Logistics: A new paradigm for future logistics. Applied System Innovation, 4(29), 1-24.
32. Munoz, A. ve Dunbar, M. (2015). On the quantification of operational supply chain resilience. International Journal of Production Research, 53(22), 6736-6751.
33. O'Toole, T. ve Donaldson, B. (2000). Relationship governance structures and performance. Journal of Marketing Management, 16(4), 327-341.
34. Prajogo, D. ve Olhager, J. (2012). Supply chain integration and performance: The effects of long-term relationships, information technology and sharing, and logistics integration. International Journal Production Economics, 135, 514–522.
35. Pundir, A.K., Jagannath, J.D. ve Ganapathy, T. (2019, Ocak, 7-9). İmproving supply chain visibility using Iot-internet of things, 2019 IEEE 9th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference, IEEE, Las Vegas.
36. Roy, V. (2021). Contrasting supply chain traceability and supply chain visibility: Are they interchangeable?. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 1-31. doi: 10.1108/IJLM-05-2020-0214.
37. Ustundag, A. (2010). Evaluating RFID investment on a supply chain using tagging cost sharing factor. International Journal of Production Research, 48, 2549-2562.
38. Sanders, N. R. (2005). IT alignment in supply chain relationships: A study of supplier benefits. The Journal of Supply Chain Management: A Global Review of Purchasing and Supply, Spring, 4-13.
39. Srinivasan, R. ve Swink, M. (2018). An Investigation of visibility and flexibility as complements to supply chain analytics: An organizational ınformation processing theory perspective. Production and Operations Management, 27(10), 1849–1867.
40. Tekin, M., Zerenler, M. ve Bilge, A (2005). Bilişim teknolojileri kullanımının işletme performansına etkileri: Lojistik sektöründe bir uygulama. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(8), 115-129.
41. Yaşlıoğlu, M. M. (2017). Sosyal bilimlerde faktör analizi ve geçerlilik: Keşfedici ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizlerinin kullanılması. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 46, 74-85.
42. Yıldız Çankaya, S. (2020). Tedarik zinciri görünürlügünün çeviklik üzerındeki etkileri. Business, Economics Management Research journal, 3 (1), 49-62.
43. Vilko, J., Ritala, P. ve Hallikas, J. (2019). Risk management abilities in multimodal maritime supply chains:Visibility and control perspectives. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 123, 469–481.
44. Wang, E.T.G. ve Wei, H.L. (2007). Interorganizational governance value creation: Coordinating for information visibility and flexibility in supply chains. Decision Sciences, 38 (4), 647-674.
45. Wei, H-L. ve Wang, E.T.G. (2007, Ocak 3-6). Creating strategic value from supply chain visibility- the dynamic capabilities view. Proceedings of the 40th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, IEEE, Waikoloa.
46. Williams, B.D., Roh, J., Tokar, T. ve Swink, M. (2013). Leveraging supply chain visibility for responsiveness: The moderatingrole of internal integration. Journal of Operations Management, 31, 543–554.
47. Zhang, N.S., He, W. ve Tan, P.S. (2008). Understanding local pharmaceutical supply chain visibility, SIMTech Technical Reports, 9(4), 234-239.
48. Zhao, G., Feng, T. ve Wang, D. (2015). Is more supply chain integration always beneficial to financial performance?. Industrial Marketing Management, 45, 162–172.